Foreign direct investment inflows in agriculture, agriculture growth, and poverty in selected sub-organization of Islamic cooperation countries

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows are used to address the economic problems, such as poverty and agriculture growth. Encouraging the FDI inflows in agriculture is the most effective way to address poverty and food deficit issues in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Generally, this study attempts to examine the three-way relationships among FDI inflows in agriculture, agriculture growth and poverty. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to investigate the role of agriculture growth and poverty to increase FDI inflows in agriculture; to determine the impacts of FDI inflows in agriculture and poverty on agriculture growth; to examine the influences of FDI inflows in agriculture and agriculture growth on the poverty levels; and to test the relationships among FDI inflows in agriculture, agriculture growth and poverty. The Fixed Effects Model and the system Generalized Method of Moments were used to empirically analyze the variables of interest. This study used panel data of 31 selected OIC countries for the period of 2000-2015. The framework of the study is based on the Keynesian and liberal framework, the Cobb–Douglas production framework and the Dunning Ownership, Location, and Internationalization (OLI) framework. The findings of the study show that agriculture growth and poverty have a significant relationship with the FDI inflows in agriculture; FDI inflows in agriculture and poverty influence agriculture growth; and agriculture growth and FDI inflows in agriculture have a negative significant relationship with the poverty. Moreover, FDI inflows in agriculture have bi-directional causal relationships between agriculture growth and poverty. Agriculture growth has a significant effect on FDI inflows in agriculture and poverty. There is a bi-directional causal relationship from poverty to agriculture growth. The findings of this study suggest a new trade policy recommendations for attracting FDI inflows in agriculture, whether it is targeting on agriculture growth or poverty reduction

The performance of Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB): based on the profitability analysis / Intan Maizura Abdul Rashid

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB) in term of profitability, to recognize the gap between theory and practice of company profitability management and to provide suggestions to improve the company profitability. A secondary data was used to evaluate the profitability ratios included in PNB annual reports from year 2001 until 2005. Profitability ratios consist of net profit margin, gross profit margin, operating profit margin, return on asset and return on equity. The results reveal that profitability performance of Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB) is not efficient due to low on sales and high on cost for the years 2001 to 2005. For better performance in future, PNB need to focus merely on operational efficiency and operational effectiveness which might directly influence the survival of a company (Chien and Song, 2004)

A matter of commitments

Without warning, the dark clouds roll in. From posing prettilt for the camera, three-year-old Lily Maryam's face suddenly contorts with unbridled rage as she lunges at her mother, who had been getting herself into position with her husband for a special pose for photographer Rohanis Shukri

A Review from the Malaysian Perspective on Factors Influencing Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises ((SMEs)

This investigation looked to set up the social and natural factors that impact Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). It likewise endeavored to distinguish whether the segment foundation of the business person impacts the Sustainable Entrepreneurship in SMEs of the Malaysian nourishment industry. This paper tries to investigate the writing on long haul and manageable development for SMEs and the upgraded information on this territory will be a direction to the approach producers, supporting offices, consultants, business visionaries and academicians to genuinely build up a widely inclusive model for feasible development of SMEs. This paper proposes an incorporated reasonable development model for SMEs with five components of the Sustainable Entrepreneurship variables that are leadership, network, employee management, customer orientation and marketing strategy. A blended technique approach, utilizing the utilization of surveys and meetings from an example size of around 120 members and 10 proprietor supervisors of SMEs in the nourishment industry, was utilized to gather information. Moreover, out of the five recognized elements, as indicated by the members' recognition, the most significant components towards supportable execution of SMEs in the nourishment industry are social variables, including customer direction. This exploration paper reasons that thinking about the social and natural parts of supportability and utilizing experienced staff would significantly add to the quest for Sustainable Entrepreneurship in SMEs of the nourishment industry

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Agriculture Sector based on Selected High-income Developing Economies in OIC Countries: An Empirical Study on the Provincial Panel Data by Using Stata, 2003-2012

Abstract This research endeavours to set out to empirically examine the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Agriculture Sector based on selected high-income developing economies in OIC countries. The agriculture sectors react as important keys in the expansion of any economy growth to eliminate the poverty issues. Therefore, it reviews the experiences of agriculture investment in selected member countries with a view to identify potential roles for countries seeking FDI and their development partners in nurturing FDI intra OIC especially in the agriculture new investment. In this study, the FDI in Agriculture Sector react as dependent variable and the independent variable economic determinant, list of market size, inflation, poverty, exchange rate and infrastructure in selected OIC Countries (Malaysia, Oman and Brunei)

Marketing Orientation, Customer Orientation, Entrepreneurship Education and Women Entrepreneurship Sustainability in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia

The focal point of the examination included investigating the achievement factors among women entrepreneurs in the province of Malaysia. This paper explored to what degree a few factors, entrepreneurship education management, customer orientation and marketing orientation can clarify its commitment towards turning out to be effective women entrepreneurship visionary. Women entrepreneurs have been progressively mainstreamed into advancement forms, and by assuming an assortment of jobs at the family, network and society levels, they have had the option to add to national improvement and thriving. Reflecting dynamically expanded political will, progressive Malaysian advancement plans have put a more prominent accentuation on mainstreaming women entrepreneurs in national improvement through certifiable multi-sectoral approaches and projects. Gender orientation as an advancement center was first referenced in the Third Malaysia Plan (1976–1980), which supported the dynamic interest of women entrepreneurs being developed and their commitment to the economy. The job of Women entrepreneurs in neediness destruction was given acknowledgment under the Fifth Malaysia Plan when social projects to elevate the state of women were supplanted by monetary projects. The results show that the regression analysis on entrepreneurship education management, customer orientation and market strategy affect the sustainability of SMEs. Numerous studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of various elements on women's entrepreneurial success, but our study looked into several entrepreneurship education management, customer orientation and market strategy factors towards women's entrepreneurship sustainability that have largely gone unexplored, particularly in Malaysia. The current study further adds to the previous literature by providing empirical evidence

Introductory analysis of factors affecting intercultural couples in the context of Malaysia

A study of communication processes forms inside intercultural marriages will profit numerous people, especially couples who are occupied with such connections. At the point when people find out about other people who experience comparative impediments or conditions, they can re-examine their own circumstance with a progressively exact focal point. Commonly, this changed perspective produces development in the person who is looking for answers and frequently impacts this present individual's life partner. An investigation of this sort additionally adds to the field of advising. The psychological wellness field is persistently extending and looking for extra understanding and learning about human behaviour. Humans are perplexing animals, in this manner, visit perceptions and academic examinations are important for improved cognizance. Pre-marriage, conjugal, and family mentors benefit from an investigation of intercultural relational unions as all social orders depend on relational unions and familial relationships. These relationships determine the health of a society

The impact of healthcare expenditure and healthcare sector growth on CO2 emission using dynamic panel data system GMM estimation model during Covid 19 crisis

As huge consumers of water and energy, healthcare sector have a significant environmental impact. The healthcare sector is accountable for answering countless the most dangerous effects of climate change and pollution, deadly environmental emissions and other greenhouse gases itself. This study aims to observe empirically the effect of healthcare expenditure and heath sectors growth on CO2 during Covid 19 outbreak in Malaysia. As the world has awakened to the potential risks of Covid 19, there has been a massive effort to add capacity to the healthcare system rapidly. In Malaysia, apart from stressing the need for the public to strictly adhere to the Movement Control Order (MCO), the government an immediate boost in funding for healthcare services through initial stage fiscal policy response to Covid 19 outbreak. This research used Dynamic Panel Data Model also known as longitudinal study. This study explained Dynamic Panel Data System GMM Estimation model is fitting to interpret the outcome, indicate healthcare expenditure and healthcare growth on Covid-19, inflation rate and unemployment rate have significant relationship with CO2 emission. Empirical findings suggest that CO2 emissions policies reforms are required to channelize healthcare sector growth to a more government spending resulting from fiscal policy designed by the government of Malaysia. The regulators of other countries should pull out CO2 emissions policies to achieve sustainable economic growth and health sector growth development. The results provide important information to allow comparisons of the health-care sector with other economic sectors in Malaysia and the global healthcare sector in terms of CO2 emission. In particular, the results are intended to contribute to the understanding of the CO2 emission of national healthcare systems so that policymakers, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, can develop relevant CO2 emissions mitigation policies

The initial fiscal policy response to Covid-19 in Malaysia: The impact of government spending on healthcare sector using dynamic panel data system GMM estimation analysis

The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the effect of government spending on healthcare systems on malaysia’s economic growth during the early stages of the Covid 19 epidemic. Even as society became aware of the potential dangers of Covid 19, there has been a massive effort to rapidly increase capacity in the healthcare system. In Malaysia, in addition to emphasising the importance of strict adherence to the Movement Control Order (MCO), the government announced an immediate increase in funding for healthcare services as part of the initial phase fiscal policy reply to the Covid 19 outbreak. This study employed Dynamic Panel Data, also identified as a longitudinal study, and collected data over a four-month period, from December 2019 to March 2020, in five Asian countries involved with Covid 19. This study discovered that the Dynamic Panel Data System GMM Estimation model is suitable for interpreting the results, indicating that government expenditure on Covid-19 (p-value = 0.036), unemployment rate and inflation rate have a significant relationship with healthcare sector growth of 1%, 2%, and 5%, respectively. In terms of limitations, such a study only focuses on four months of data from selected Asia countries participating in Covid-19. The findings of panel causality recommend that there are bidirectional links between healthcare sector growth and government spending. Empirical findings suggest that fiscal policy reforms are required to channel healthcare industry growth to increased government spending as a result of Malaysia’s fiscal policy