Dyeing studies with henna and madder: A research on effect of tin (II) chloride mordant

The present paper deals with the application of natural dyes extracted from powdered henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves and madder (Rubia cordifolia) roots on woolen yarn and assessment of effect of stannous chloride mordant on dyeability, color characteristics, fastness properties and antifungal activity of dyed woolen yarn. Sixteen shades have been developed for the characterization of their color characteristics and fastness properties. The color strength (K/S value) has been found to be very good in all dyed woolen yarn samples. The color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing and rubbing was quite satisfactory for both henna as well as madder dyed samples. Henna leaves extract was found very effective against Candida glabrata both in solution as well as after application on wool substrate but no antifungal activity is reported in case of madder both in solution as well as on wool substrate

Determination of poverty among the poor and needy in a developing country / Ahmad Fahme Mohd Ali and Mohd Faisol Ibrahim.

This article attempts to analyse the determination of poverty among the poor and needy of the zakat recipients in Kelantan, Malaysia. The study is motivated from the Kelantan zakat collection (2003-2015) that suggests that the growth alone (high collection) is not enough to eliminate poverty, there are indeed, other elements of poverty eradication like the socio economic, demographic factors, remittances and the investments in social and economic factors like the food subsidy for the poorest, good quality education, opportunities for the most needy, regulation of job markets, and purposively designed social security nets also have significant impact on permanent reduction in poverty. In Kelantan, despite zakat centres having disbursed an increasing amount of expenditure annually on the two categories of zakat recipients, hitherto the number of fuqara (poor) and masakin (needy) households is still increasing (MAIK, 2014; JAWHAR, 2012). Thus, it is important to understand the nature and scale of poverty, the various driving forces that affect it and the determinants of poverty among the poor and needy as linked to this process. A sample of 505 households from 2016 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) among the poor and needy zakat recipients in Kelantan has been used in this study. The findings have important policy implications for Kelantan Zakat Department (MAIK) in making the zakat distribution becomes more efficient and uplift the important role of zakat as one of the poverty alleviation tools among the Muslims. This study recommends the method of zakat distribution should be improved and channelled accordingly in order to strengthen the Muslims economy condition and then, it would facilitate the poverty alleviation programmes by the zakat department

Tahap Perlaksanaan Amalan Pengajaran Sains Dalam Bahasa Inggeris Di Sekolah Rendah Di Daerah Johor Bharu

Perlaksanaan pengajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris telah laksanakan sejak tahun 2003 hingga kini . Namun sejauhmana tahap perlaksanaannya di sekolah masih menjadi persoalan. Oleh yang demikian kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlaksanaan amalan pengajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris di sekolah rendah. Kajian ini melibatkan 270 orang pelajar dari lapan buah sekolah rendah di daerah Johor Bahru. Alat Kajian yang digunakan ialah soal selidik yang mengandungi 31 item. Nilai kebolehpercayaan alat kajian adalah ? .81. Hasil dapatan data dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Dapatan Kajian ini menunjukkan min perlaksanaan amalan pengajaran Sains dalam Bahasa Inggeris ialah 2.54. Ini menunjukkan perlaksanaannya berada pada tahap tinggi. Perlaksanaan pengajaran Sains dalam Bahasa Inggeris antara sekolah bandar dengan luar bandar tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan. Kajian ini juga mendapati terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perlaksanaan pengajaran Sains dalam Bahasa Inggeris dengan persepsi murid terhadap guru, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perlaksanaan pengajaran Sains dalam Bahasa Inggeris dengan sikap pelajar terhadap matapelajaran Sains. Manakala tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perlaksanaan Sains dalam Bahasa Inggeris dengan pencapaian pelajar dalam mata pelajaran Sains

Mechanical properties and thermal behaviour of two-stage concrete containing palm oil fuel ash

Two-stage concrete (TSC) is a special type of concrete which is made by placing coarse aggregate in a formwork and injecting a grout either by pump or under the gravity force to fill the voids. Over the decades, the application of supplementary cementing materials in conventional concrete has become widespread, and this trend is expected to continue in TSC as well. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is one of the ashes which has been recognized as a good pozzolanic material. This paper presents the experimental results on the performance behaviour of POFA in developing physical and mechanical properties of two-stage concrete. Four concrete mixes namely, TSC with 100% OPC as a control, and TSC with 10, 20 and 30% POFA were cast, and the temperature growth due to heat of hydration and heat transfer in the mixes was recorded. It has been found that POFA significantly reduced the temperature rise in two-stage aggregate concrete and delayed the transfer of heat to the mass of concrete. The compressive and tensile strengths, however, increased with the replacement of up to 20% POFA. The results obtained and the observation made in this study suggest that the substitution of OPC by POFA is beneficial, particularly for prepacked mass concrete where thermal cracking due to extreme heat rise is of great importance

Penguasaan kemahiran memerhati dan kemahiran meramal

Kajian ini bertujuan mengetahui penguasaan kemahiran memerhati dan kemahiran meramal dalam mata pelajaran Sains dikalangan pelajar Tahun Lima merentas bahasa, sikap dan pencapaian dalam peperiksaan setara. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Statistik deskriptif digunakan bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti taburan frekuensi responden yang terlibat manakala statistik inferensi pula adalah untuk mengenalpasti perbezaan antara faktor pengetahuan dan kefahaman terhadap bahasa, sikap dan pencapaian responden. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara faktor pengetahuan dan kefahaman terhadap bahasa, sikap dan pencapaian responden dalam peperiksaan setara

[Institutions of Islamic Education and its Function as a Source of Knowledge of Faraid Knowledge among Islamic Society in Duyong Island, Kuala Terengganu] Institusi Pendidikan Islam dan Fungsinya sebagai Sumber Pengetahuan Ilmu Faraid dalam Kalangan Masy

Islamic inheritance or Faraid is one of the most important branches of knowledge in Islam. However, this knowledge has been steadily eroded as sources to learn it has become more limited. This study was designed to examine the source or method of acquiring knowledge of Faraid among the Muslim community in Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu. This study used field survey method with a quantitative approach. Questionnaires were distributed to 345 respondents in Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis methods which are mean, standard deviation, percentage and mean scores using the software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results showed that the source of knowledge Faraid among the Muslim community in Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu is through informal learning methods such as through studies in mosques, discussions with religious teachers and reading. The study concluded that the Muslim community in Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu are still bound by traditional methods for acquiring knowledge about laws on Islamic inheritance in particular and Islamic studies in general. Therefore efforts should be enhanced to deliver knowledge on Islamic inheritance through a more systematic method to avoid this knowledge being ignored by society. This is because knowledge on Islamic inheritance jurisprudence is the backbone for the efficient management of the inheritance of the deceased in the Muslim community.   Ilmu Faraid adalah salah satu cabang ilmu yang penting di dalam Islam. Walau bagaimanapun ilmu ini semakin terhakis kerana sumber untuk mempelajarinya semakin terhad. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau sumber atau kaedah memperoleh pengetahuan ilmu faraid bagi masyarakat Islam di Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan lapangan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Borang soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada 345 orang responden di Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu. Data yang diperoleh kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan kaedah analisis min, sisihan piawai, peratus dan skor min menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Hasil kajian yang diperoleh merumuskan bahawa sumber pengetahuan ilmu faraid dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam di Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu adalah melalui kaedah pengajian tidak formal seperti melalui pengajian di masjid dan surau, dan perbincangan dengan guru-guru agama. Kajian merumuskan bahawa masyarakat Islam di Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu masih terikat dengan kaedah tradisional untuk memperoleh pengetahuan tentang ilmu faraid secara khususnya dan ilmu agama secara umumnya. Justeru usaha perlu ditingkatkan untuk menyampaikan ilmu faraid melalui kaedah yang lebih sistematik bagi mengelakkan ilmu ini diabaikan oleh masyarakat. Ini kerana ilmu faraid menjadi tunjang bagi masyarakat Islam menguruskan harta peninggalan si mati dengan lancar

Pembangunan Perisian Pengajaran Berasaskan Model Konstruktif Needham 5 Fasa Bagi Tajuk Keelektrikan Dalam Matapelajaran Sains Sekolah Rendah

Projek ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan suatu perisian pendidikan bagi tajuk Keelektrikan dalam mata pelajaran Sains khusus untuk pelajar sekolah rendah. Keseluruhan isi kandungan perisian ini disusun berdasarkan huraian sukatan pelajaran Sains (KPM, 2003). Perisian ini menggunakan aktiviti pembelajaran berdasarkan pendekatan Model Konstruktif Needham 5-Fasa yang mengandungi fasa orientasi, pencetusan idea, penstrukturan semula idea, aplikasi idea dan refleksi. Bagi reka bentuk pembangunan, perisian ini menggunakan model ADDIE. Perisian PowerPoint 2003 pula digunakan sepenuhnya dalam pembangunan perisian. Ia nyata dapat menyepadukan pelbagai media seperti seperti grafik, teks, video dan animasi dalam satu alat bantu yang interaktif, menarik dan berkesan. Perisian ini turut dinilai oleh individu yang terlibat secara langsung didalam bidang ini. Keputusan penilaian menunjukkan bahawa perisian tersebut memuaskan dari segi isi kandungan, reka bentuk dan penggunaannya

Idea Tempatan Dalam Catan Abstrak

Gua Kota Gelanggi yang mempunyai kesan tinggalan sejarah penempatan manusia 1500 tahun dahulu, terletak di daerah Jerantut, Pahang dikatakan sebuah kota lama yang gemilang pada zamannya. Dalam tulisan Sejarah Melayu ada menyebut Kota Gelanggi sebagai Kota Kelangkio atau Klang Kio. Ia merupakan sebuah tinggalan sejarah yang indah dengan flora dan fauna serta mempunyai banyak gua-gua kecil di kawasan tersebut. Permukaan dinding-dinding gua yang bergerutu memberi seribu inspirasi bagi Suzlee Ibrahim dalam adaptasi abstraknya; Kingdom Series. Pelukis telah mendapat ilham untuk menterjemah Gua Kota Gelanggi ke atas catan abstrak melalui pengalaman ekspedisi beliau ke lokasi tersebut. Catan abstrak Suzlee merupakan karya yang berbentuk ekspresionis, lahir dari luahan rasa peribadi sepertimana karya-karya abstrak yang sealiran dengannya. Pelukis-pelukis terdahulu seperti Pollock, de Kooning dan Kline merupakan di antara pelukis abstrak ekspresionis yang menjadi rujukan kepada Suzlee

Homology modeling of pyranose 2-oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium

Currently, most of the demand for energy relies on petroleum products. Nevertheless, the issues of energy security, economics and environment has led to the breakthrough of biofuel cells (BFCs) technology as one of the promising solution to the problems. However, the performance of BFCs need to be improved in order to compete with the existing technologies. One way to improve the efficiency of BFCs is to ensure that the enzyme used as the catalyst in BFCs, in this case, pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox) has better binding characteristic and more reactive. For this purpose, studies on three-dimensional (3-D) structure of P2Ox enzyme can offer insights on the structure-function correlations. Unfortunately, at present there is no available crystal structure of P2Ox from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcP2Ox). Thus, in this study homology modelling was used as the reliable alternative method to predict the 3-D structure of PcP2Ox enzyme and thus provide necessary information to improve the efficiency of the enzyme

Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process: a review

The application of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reaction in a biological nitrogen removal system to treat wastewater has become of great interest since its discovery. The anammox reaction is performed by anammox bacteria that belong to the Planctomycete phylum. The reaction occurs in the presence of ammonium using nitrite as the substrate under anaerobic conditions. However, the bacteria have an extremely slow growth rate and stringent metabolic conditions that cause difficulty in culturing and applying the system for wastewater treatment. Anammox enrichment has a long start-up period for the anammox process that hinders researchers using laboratory and full-scale systems for the first time. Many attempts have been made to culture anammox to establish a successful anammox culture with a shorter start-up period for the anammox reaction and high nitrogen removal activity. This paper reviews previous studies on anammox enrichment with emphasis on (i) inoculum selection, (ii) enrichment techniques and (iii) factors influencing anammox enrichment. This review will assist researchers in planning and designing an appropriate anammox enrichment. The findings should widen the application of anammox in biological nitrogen removal systems for nitrogenous wastewater