Die "hyggeligen" Dänen und die arroganten Deutschen - kommunikative Unterschiede als Konsequenz nationaler Stereotype?

The “hyggelige” Danes and the arrogant Germans – Communicative Differences as a Consequence of National Stereotypes? The aim of this article is to discuss why German students code switch between German and Danish in a more appropriate way than their Danish fellow students do. The data consist of approximately 230 emails written by 40 German and Danish students enrolled in the Cross-Border Study Programme at the University of Southern Denmark and Europa-Universität Flensburg. A reason for this difference in ability to switch code can be explained by the students’ stereotypes about their own group as auto stereotypes and about the others as hetero stereotypes. In general, Danish auto stereotypes are very positive contrary to the negative hetero stereotypes of the Germans. Because of this, the Danish students seem to think that it is acceptable to use Danish communication structures even though they know that the chosen formulation will not be seen as appropriate German by their German professors

Identification and characterisation of differentially displayed transcripts in metastatic versus non-metastatic cells of the CSML cell line system

Metastasis is a complex multistep process allowing otherwise localised tumour cells to migrate to other organs. To elucidate this mechanism further we compared the mRNA level of non-metastatic CSML-0 to metastatic CSML-100 and VMR-Li using differential display. This approach led to the identification of ten different genes differentially expressed between two closely related CSML cell lines. Cloning, sequencing and database analysis suggested the cloned fragments to be related to six genes with known coding sequence. MMTV, Collagen XI α1 and PACE4 were found in CSML-0, while Cystatin C, Lamin C and Ly-6A/E were upregulated in CSML-100. Also four fragments, NN18 found in CSML-0 and NN9, NN30 and NN32 found in CSML-100, not related to any known gene were cloned. When tested against a panel of mouse tumour cell lines, a pattern of expression for Collagen XI α1, PACE4, Cystatin C, Lamin C, Ly-6A/E, NN9 and NN30 connecting these genes to the metastatic process were found. Cystatin C protein staining of cell lines and CSML tumour tissue further suggested an involvement of this proteinase inhibitor in tumour progression. This is the first report connecting PACE4 and Collagen XI α1 to tumour progression and points to new proteins potentially.utilised by colonising cells. The NN30 gene fragment was selected for further identification and characterisation. The full-length clone revealed a 338 amino acid 39 kDa protein, lacking obvious homologues in the EMBL database. We temporarily named this protein E30. In situ hybridisation and immunostainings demonstrated that this protein was highly expressed in epithelial cells, in testis and in ovary, in embryonic tissue as well as in extra embryonic. This gene is part of a previously undescribed gene family as indicated by human and C. elegans ESTs homologous to E30. Transfection of E30 into non-metastatic CSML-0 cells rendered these cells metastatic in 2 out of 3 mice in an experimental metastasis assay. Metastatic nodules were not only confined to the lung, but both mice produced liver metastasis. I therefore report the cloning of a gene expressed in epithelial cells and capable of inducing metastasis to the liver and lung

Boolean Expression Diagrams

This paper presents a new data structure called Boolean Expression Diagrams (BEDs) for representing and manipulating Boolean functions. BEDs are a generalization of Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) which can represent any Boolean circuit in linear space and still maintain many of the desirable properties of BDDs. Two algorithms are described for transforming a BED into a reduced ordered BDD. One is a generalized version of the BDD apply-operator while the other can exploit the structural information of the Boolean expression. This ability is demonstrated by verifying that two di erent circuit implementations of a 16-bit multiplier implement the same Boolean function. Using BEDs, this veri cation problem is solved in less than a second, while using standard BDD techniques this problem is infeasible. Generally, BEDs are useful in applications, for example tautology checking, where the end-result as a reduced ordered BDD is small

Systemic family therapy for severe functional disorders in youths. A qualitative study in a psychiatric setting

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Hulgaard, D.R., Risør, M.B., Lambertsen, G.D. and Rask, C.U. (2021). Systemic family therapy for severe functional disorders in youths: a qualitative study in a psychiatric setting. Journal of Family Therapy, 43, 558-575, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12319. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.This study aimed to explore participant experiences of systemic family therapy for youths with functional disorders. After completing family therapy, eight youths and thirteen parents participated in qualitative interviews. The analysis was based on interpretative phenomenological analysis and identified two main themes. The first theme was: ‘Challenges of creating meaning and understanding of child symptoms in family therapy’, with symptom understanding and explanation found to be important, though sometimes challenging, themes in therapy. The second theme was: ‘Clinical encounters in family therapy promote dialogue’, which included the finding that the family therapy setting with joint sessions for family members facilitated in-family communicatio

Axial Concentration Profiles and NO Flue Gas in a Pilot-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Coal Combustor

Atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed coal combustion of a bituminous coal and anthracite with particle diameters in the range 500-4000 ím was investigated in a pilot-plant facility. The experiments were conducted at steady-state conditions using three excess air levels (10, 25, and 50%) and bed temperatures in the 750-900 °C range. Combustion air was staged, with primary air accounting for 100, 80, and 60% of total combustion air. For both types of coal, high NO concentrations were found inside the bed. In general, the NO concentration decreased monotonically along the freeboard and toward the exit flue; however, during combustion with high air staging and low to moderate excess air, a significant additional NO formation occurred near the secondary air injection point. The results show that the bed temperature increase does not affect the NO flue gas concentration significantly. There is a positive correlation between excess air and the NO flue gas concentration. The air staging operation is very effective in lowering the NO flue gas, but there is a limit for the first stage stoichiometry below which the NO flue gas starts rising again. This effect could be related with the coal rank

Organising social enterprises in Denmark

Social entrepreneurship is activity that is organised with particular social, environmental or community objective. Social entrepreneurship may be providing services or training to socially deprived or disabled persons, using profits for socially oriented purposes, or organising self-help groups for community action. The question is: how is social entrepreneurship organised in Denmark? Specifically, what are the organisational features concerning: - social, environmental and economic goals in social entrepreneurship - innovation through social entrepreneurship - legal forms of social enterprises - financing of social enterprises - reinvestment of surplus in developing social goals - public backing of social enterprises - networking for advice - management and staffing of social enterprises - size of social enterprises and expectations for growt

Automation of a Packaging Process

Automation is the future. Sometime in the future, warehouses will be fully automated. Already today, many warehouses around the world have reached a high degree of automation. This master's thesis project aims to evaluate how a warehouse site within Chr. Hansen Holding A/S can take one step further in this direction. Chr. Hansen Holding A/S is a global bioscience company.  The packaging process currently relies primarily on manual labor, and the focus is to investigate methods to improve this process through automation. The process of packing goods on a pallet consists of the following steps; transport to the packing area, label the products, move the products to a new pallet, measure, apply protection, wrap, label the pallet, and transport to temporary storage.  In order to automate a process, some degree of standardization is needed, but many parameters constrain this development. An important parameter is variation in terms of material and packaging, both interior and exterior, such as pallet type. The packaging process can be divided into a number of subfunctions by Function Analysis. Together with Process Activity Mapping, the study suggests that the relevant part of automating is the last part of the packing process, from the step wrap mentioned earlier.  The project has developed five different concepts. All of the concepts include a fully-automatic wrapping machine. The five concepts have different methods of transporting finished pallets to storage at the other end of the warehouse. The investigated transport methods are various lengths of conveyor belts, an automated guided forklift (AGV), a combined conveyor belt-AGV solution, and human-operated forklifts.  The study suggests a solution with a fully automated wrapping machine followed by a 9 m conveyor belt followed by transport with a human-operated forklift. The wrapping machine should include modules for labeling and weight and height measuring. The improvement is most likely to reduce cost packing by 460,000 DKK per year calculated in fixed prices of 2019. It requires an investment of 1,500,000 DKK.  The project finds that the wrapping machine is the most beneficial part of the concepts, but an AGV solution could be an interesting addition with a great future perspective. The company should follow the development of AGV technology in relation to warehousing.  Furthermore, the project improves safety in the warehouse by reducing the forklift traffic in the packaging area