52 research outputs found
Recomendaciones para estructurar trabajos de investigación en formato de tesis (Arqueología)
Este trabajo presenta lineamientos generales para la estructuración de trabajos de investigación y tesis. Se ocupa de dar las pautas que guían la organización de las distintas secciones que componen diseños y tesis. Se sugiere que ambos forman parte de un continuum, y como tal comparten tanto objetivos como aspectos de la justificación y ejecución de la investigación.This paper offers general guidelines related to structuring research designs and theses. It provides a general idea about the sections comprising them. It suggests the both are part of the same process, thus sharing not only research objectives but also the study's justification and research operationalization.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí
Recomendaciones para estructurar trabajos de investigación en formato de tesis (Arqueología)
Este trabajo presenta lineamientos generales para la estructuración de trabajos de investigación y tesis. Se ocupa de dar las pautas que guían la organización de las distintas secciones que componen diseños y tesis. Se sugiere que ambos forman parte de un continuum, y como tal comparten tanto objetivos como aspectos de la justificación y ejecución de la investigación.This paper offers general guidelines related to structuring research designs and theses. It provides a general idea about the sections comprising them. It suggests the both are part of the same process, thus sharing not only research objectives but also the study's justification and research operationalization.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí
Ocupaciones prehistóricas en el sur de Bahía San Sebastián, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Fil: Horwitz, Victoria D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección Prehistoria; Argentina34 ref.Incluye mapas y gráficosLa ocupación prehistórica de la costa Atlántica Fueguina se ha interpretado,
en general, tanto a partir de la evidencia etnográfica como de la arqueológica
proveniente de excavaciones realizadas en la costa central y austral. Aquí discuto y
presento estudios arqueológicosrealizadosen el sur de la Bahía San Sebastián, es decir
en un sector restringido de la costa septentrional. La evidencia encontradaallí es
relevante no sólo para la discusión de los patrones de movilidad y subsistencia
prehistóricos del norte de Tierra del Fuego, sino también para la comparación con dos
localidades conocidas de la costa central atlántica. Tomo información etnográfica
(e.g. Chapman 1977; Gallardo 1910; Gusinde1982) y la combino con observaciones
de tasas de varamientos de cetáceos (Goodall 1978 y 1986), información geomorfológica (Clausen 1993; Horwitz ef al. 1994),estudiosde distribuciones (García 1993/
94) y de excavación (Borrero 1979, 1987, 1986a; Borrero et al. 1981; Horwitz 1994)
Arqueología de Los Antiguos-Monte Zeballos y Paso Roballos (Noroeste de Santa Cruz)
El proyecto tiene como objetivo fundamental conocer la historia de la ocupación humana del área cordillerana que abarcan los sectores de Los Antiguos-Monte Zeballos y Paso Roballos. Nuestro interés es estudiar desde las primeras ocupaciones indígenas del área, para lo que es preciso remontarse atrás varios milenios, hasta tiempos históricos. Un problema que queremos resolver es la cuestión de la falta de continuidad en la ocupación de ciertos lugares y sus posibles condicionantes. Para entender ésto es necesario primeramente establecer un marco temporal anclado en dataciones radiocarbónicas, conocer el carácter (breve o prolongado) de las diferentes ocupaciones y discutir su relación con aquellos factores ambientales y culturales que habrían influido en la conformación del paisaje socio-cultural a lo largo del tiempo.Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse
Ancient goat genomes reveal mosaic domestication in the Fertile Crescent.
Current genetic data are equivocal as to whether goat domestication occurred multiple times or was a singular process. We generated genomic data from 83 ancient goats (51 with genome-wide coverage) from Paleolithic to Medieval contexts throughout the Near East. Our findings demonstrate that multiple divergent ancient wild goat sources were domesticated in a dispersed process that resulted in genetically and geographically distinct Neolithic goat populations, echoing contemporaneous human divergence across the region. These early goat populations contributed differently to modern goats in Asia, Africa, and Europe. We also detect early selection for pigmentation, stature, reproduction, milking, and response to dietary change, providing 8000-year-old evidence for human agency in molding genome variation within a partner species
Ancient mitogenomes from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Central Anatolia and the effects of a Late Neolithic bottleneck in sheep (Ovis aries)
Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication bottleneck. This is consistent with archeological evidence of sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük which transitioned from residential stabling to open pasturing over a millennium of site occupation. However, unexpectedly, we detected high genetic diversity throughout Aşıklı Höyük’s occupation rather than a bottleneck. Instead, we detected a tenfold demographic bottleneck later in the Neolithic, which caused the fixation of mitochondrial haplogroup B in southwestern Anatolia. The mitochondrial genetic makeup that emerged was carried from the core region of early Neolithic sheep management into Europe and dominates the matrilineal diversity of both its ancient and the billion-strong modern sheep populations
Functional enhancer elements drive subclass-selective expression from mouse to primate neocortex
Viral genetic tools to target specific brain cell types in humans and non-genetic model organisms will transform basic neuroscience and targeted gene therapy. Here we used comparative epigenetics to identify thousands of human neuronal subclass-specific putative enhancers to regulate viral tools, and 34% of these were conserved in mouse. We established an AAV platform to evaluate cellular specificity of functional enhancers by multiplexed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and single cell RNA sequencing. Initial testing in mouse neocortex yields a functional enhancer discovery success rate of over 30%. We identify enhancers with specificity for excitatory and inhibitory classes and subclasses including PVALB, LAMP5, and VIP/LAMP5 cells, some of which maintain specificity in vivo or ex vivo in monkey and human neocortex. Finally, functional enhancers can be proximal or distal to cellular marker genes, conserved or divergent across species, and could yield brain-wide specificity greater than the most selective marker genes
Ancient mitogenomes from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Central Anatolia and the effects of a Late Neolithic bottleneck in sheep (Ovis aries)
Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication bottleneck. This is consistent with archeological evidence of sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük which transitioned from residential stabling to open pasturing over a millennium of site occupation. However, unexpectedly, we detected high genetic diversity throughout Aşıklı Höyük's occupation rather than a bottleneck. Instead, we detected a tenfold demographic bottleneck later in the Neolithic, which caused the fixation of mitochondrial haplogroup B in southwestern Anatolia. The mitochondrial genetic makeup that emerged was carried from the core region of early Neolithic sheep management into Europe and dominates the matrilineal diversity of both its ancient and the billion-strong modern sheep populations
Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Pregnancy Study: Rationale, Objectives and Design
IMPORTANCE: Pregnancy induces unique physiologic changes to the immune response and hormonal changes leading to plausible differences in the risk of developing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or Long COVID. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy may also have long-term ramifications for exposed offspring, and it is critical to evaluate the health outcomes of exposed children. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Multi-site Observational Study of PASC aims to evaluate the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various populations. RECOVER-Pregnancy was designed specifically to address long-term outcomes in maternal-child dyads.
METHODS: RECOVER-Pregnancy cohort is a combined prospective and retrospective cohort that proposes to enroll 2,300 individuals with a pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic and their offspring exposed and unexposed in utero, including single and multiple gestations. Enrollment will occur both in person at 27 sites through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network and remotely through national recruitment by the study team at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF). Adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are eligible for enrollment in the pregnancy cohort and will follow the protocol for RECOVER-Adult including validated screening tools, laboratory analyses and symptom questionnaires followed by more in-depth phenotyping of PASC on a subset of the overall cohort. Offspring exposed and unexposed in utero to SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection will undergo screening tests for neurodevelopment and other health outcomes at 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 months of age. Blood specimens will be collected at 24 months of age for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, storage and anticipated later analyses proposed by RECOVER and other investigators.
DISCUSSION: RECOVER-Pregnancy will address whether having SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy modifies the risk factors, prevalence, and phenotype of PASC. The pregnancy cohort will also establish whether there are increased risks of adverse long-term outcomes among children exposed in utero.
CLINICAL TRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT05172011
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