Un círculo virtuoso, el espíritu del Vaticano II se encuentra con el espíritu del 68

El artículo presta atención a dos rasgos distintivos relacionados, pero analíticamente separados, de la historia de los años sesenta en Europa occidental. Por un lado, se centra en la significativa oleada de catolicismo progresivo que surgió a raíz del Vaticano II. Uno o dos años más tarde, los movimientos sociales seculares también comenzaron a dejar su huella en la sociedad europea en los proverbiales Long Sixties que culminaron en los acontecimientos de 1968. En virtud del hecho de que el activismo católico es anterior en el tiempo al activismo secular, los activistas católicos a menudo jugaron un papel desproporcionado en la atmósfera de la actividad del movimiento social en muchas sociedades europeas, momento que habitualmente es conocido como el «espíritu del 68».The article wishes to pay attention to two related, but analytically separate, features of the history of the Long Sixties in Western Europe. On the one hand, it focuses on a significant wave of progressive Catholicism which emerged in the wake of Vatican ii. Often just one or two years later, secular social movements likewise began to make their mark on European society in the proverbial Long Sixties culminating in the events of 1968. By virtue of the fact that Catholic activism often predate secular activism by a few years, Catholic activists often played disproportionate roles in the atmosphere of heightened social movement activity in many European societies, a moment sometimes referred to as the «spirit of 1968»

Spannungsmessungen im wassergesättigten Boden – Ein neues Messsystem

Um Stabilitätsbewertungen von Uferbö-den durchführen zu können, müssen ne-ben Bodenstabilitätrsparametern wie der Vorbelastung oder dem Scherwiderstand außerdem die auf das Ufer einwirkenden Kräfte quantifiziert werden. Aus diesem Grund wurden Spannungsmessungen von Schiffswellen im Nord-Ostsee-Kanal bei Kiel vorgenommen. Für die Bestim-mung der drei Raum gerichteten Hauptspannungen σ1, σ2 und σ3, der mitt-leren Normal- (MNS) und der oktaedri-schen Scherspannung (OCTSS) wurde eine modifizierte Form des Stress-State-Transducer-Systems (SST) entwickelt und erstmalig eingesetzt. Die Neukon-struktion (Watt-SST) mit einem aus-tauschbaren Akku und wasserabgedich-teten Messkomponenten ermöglicht den Einsatz im Wasser und im wassergesät-tigten Boden über längere Messperioden von bis zu vier Tagen ohne Akkuwechsel. Die Sensorköpfe wurden unter und über der mittleren Wasseroberfläche positio-niert, um den Wellenschlag und eine mögliche Sogwirkung bei der Passage von Schiffen quantifizieren zu können. Während zwei Messperioden wurden verschiedene Schiffstypen (Container-schiff, Tanker, Frachter und Katamaran) gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen je nach Schiffstyp unterschiedliche Wellen-muster (Periode sowie Ausprägung). Bei den Messungen wurden Spannungs-werte von bis zu drei kPa beobachtet. Die ersten Ergebnisse verdeutlichen außer-dem, dass eine Optimierung hinsichtlich Einbau und Platzierung der Sensoren im Wasser und Boden erfolgen muss, wenn die maximalen Spannungsspitzen beim Brechen einer Welle erfasst werden sol-len

Quantifizierung der Porenraumdynamik von organischen Substraten mit Hilfe der Mikro-Computertomographie

Böden sind durch ein dynamisches und heterogenes Porensystem charakterisiert. Die Veränderung von Fließpfaden und damit die Zu-gänglichkeit von Oberflächen ist eine Funktion von hydraulischen (Schrumpfen-Quellen) und mechanischen Kräften, die intern (z.?B. Wurzeln, Regenwürmer) oder extern (Auflasten) zu Porenumverteilungen führen. Dahin gehend variieren In-tensitäts- und Kapazitäts-Kenngrößen, die für Transport- und Speichervorgänge im System Boden-Pflanze-Atmosphäre von Bedeutung sind. Die Mikro-Computertomographie (XMCT) ist eine Methode zur nicht-invasiven Untersu-chung von Böden, mit der sich morpholo-gische und topologische Eigenschaften des Porenraumes mit Hilfe quantitativer Bildauswerteverfahren erfassen und mit physikalischen Funktionen in Beziehun-gen setzen lassen. An ungestörten orga-nischen Proben eines Standortes in Schleswig-Holstein (Wacken) wurden mit der XMCT-Methode wassergehaltsab-hängige Veränderungen von Porenräu-men durch Schrumpfung analysiert

Exploiting transient protein states for the design of small-molecule stabilizers of mutant p53

The destabilizing p53 cancer mutation Y220C creates an extended crevice on the surface of the protein that can be targeted by small-molecule stabilizers. Here, we identify different classes of small molecules that bind to this crevice and determine their binding modes by X-ray crystallography. These structures reveal two major conformational states of the pocket and a cryptic, transiently open hydrophobic subpocket that is modulated by Cys220. In one instance, specifically targeting this transient protein state by a pyrrole moiety resulted in a 40-fold increase in binding affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that both open and closed states of this subsite were populated at comparable frequencies along the trajectories. Our data extend the framework for the design of high-affinity Y220C mutant binders for use in personalized anticancer therapy and, more generally, highlight the importance of implementing protein dynamics and hydration patterns in the drug-discovery process

Early Linguistic Markers of Trauma-Specific Processing Predict Post-trauma Adjustment

Identifying early predictors for psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is crucial for effective treatment and prevention efforts. Obtaining such predictors is challenging and methodologically limited, for example by individuals' distress, arousal, and reduced introspective ability. We investigated the predictive power of language-based, implicit markers of psychological processes (N = 163) derived from computerized text-analysis of trauma and control narratives provided within 18 days post-trauma. Trauma narratives with fewer cognitive processing words (indicating less cognitive elaboration), more death-related words (indicating perceived threat to life), and more first-person singular pronouns (indicating self-immersed processing) predicted greater PTSD symptoms at 6 months. These effects were specific to trauma narratives and held after controlling for early PTSD symptom severity and verbal intelligence. When self-report questionnaires of related processes were considered together with the trauma narrative linguistic predictors, use of more first-person singular pronouns remained a significant predictor alongside self-reported mental defeat. Language-based processing markers may complement questionnaire measures in early forecasting of post-trauma adjustment

Gravitational excitons from extra dimensions

Inhomogeneous multidimensional cosmological models with a higher dimensional space-time manifold are investigated under dimensional reduction. In the Einstein conformal frame, small excitations of the scale factors of the internal spaces near minima of an effective potential have a form of massive scalar fields in the external space-time. Parameters of models which ensure minima of the effective potentials are obtained for particular cases and masses of gravitational excitons are estimated.Comment: Revised version --- 12 references added, Introduction enlarged, 20 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Phys.Rev.D56 (15.11.97

A Superconducting Instability in the Infinite-U Anderson Lattice in the Presence of Crystal Electric Fields

We report evidence of a superconducting instability (of $T_{1g}$ symmetry) in the infinite-U Anderson lattice in the presence of crystal fields of cubic symmetry. We assume a lattice of $4f$ sites, each with a total angular momentum of $J=5/2$ that is split by crystal fields into a low-lying doublet of $\Gamma_7$ symmetry and an excited quartet of $\Gamma_8$ symmetry. Slave Bosons on the $4f$ sites create and destroy $4f^0$ configurations and Lagrange multipliers at each $4f$ site enforce the occupancy constraint due to the infinite Coulomb repulsion. Quasiparticle interactions are due to exchange of $4f$ density fluctuations, which are represented by fluctuations in the slave Bosons and Lagrange multipliers. We use the so-called analytic tetrahedron method to calculate the dressed (to order 1/N) Boson Green functions. In weak couping, the exchange of the dressed Bosons gives rise to a superconducting instability of $T_{1g}$, $xy(x^2-y^2)$, symmetry. The $A_{1g}$, ``s-wave'', channel has strongly repulsive interactions and hence no pairing instability. The $T_{2g}$ channel exhibits weakly repulsive interactions. Average quasiparticle interactions in the $E_g$, $x^2-y^2$, $3z^2-r^2$, channel fluctuate strongly as a function of the number of tetrahedra used to calculate the Bosonic Green functions,Comment: 66 pages+ 17 postscript figures, LATE

Robot-assisted image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation for somatotopic mapping of the motor cortex: a clinical pilot study

Shape and exact location of motor cortical areas varies among individuals. The exact knowledge of these locations is crucial for planning of neurosurgical procedures. In this study, we have used robot-assisted image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (Ri-TMS) to elicit MEP response recorded for individual muscles and reconstruct functional motor maps of the primary motor cortex

The PREDICT study uncovers three clinical courses of acutely decompensated cirrhosis that have distinct pathophysiology

Background & Aims: Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis is defined as the acute development of ascites, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, infection or any combination thereof, requiring hospitalization. The presence of organ failure(s) in patients with AD defines acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The PREDICT study is a European, prospective, observational study, designed to characterize the clinical course of AD and to identify predictors of ACLF. Methods: A total of 1,071 patients with AD were enrolled. We collected detailed pre-specified information on the 3-month period prior to enrollment, and clinical and laboratory data at enrollment. Patients were then closely followed up for 3 months. Outcomes (liver transplantation and death) at 1 year were also recorded. Results: Three groups of patients were identified. Pre-ACLF patients (n = 218) developed ACLF and had 3-month and 1-year mortality rates of 53.7% and 67.4%, respectively. Unstable decompensated cirrhosis (UDC) patients (n = 233) required ≥1 readmission but did not develop ACLF and had mortality rates of 21.0% and 35.6%, respectively. Stable decompensated cirrhosis (SDC) patients (n = 620) were not readmitted, did not develop ACLF and had a 1-year mortality rate of only 9.5%. The 3 groups differed significantly regarding the grade and course of systemic inflammation (high-grade at enrollment with aggravation during follow-up in pre-ACLF; low-grade at enrollment with subsequent steady-course in UDC; and low-grade at enrollment with subsequent improvement in SDC) and the prevalence of surrogates of severe portal hypertension throughout the study (high in UDC vs. low in pre-ACLF and SDC). Conclusions: Acute decompensation without ACLF is a heterogeneous condition with 3 different clinical courses and 2 major pathophysiological mechanisms: systemic inflammation and portal hypertension. Predicting the development of ACLF remains a major future challenge. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03056612. Lay summary: Herein, we describe, for the first time, 3 different clinical courses of acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis after hospital admission. The first clinical course includes patients who develop acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and have a high short-term risk of death – termed pre-ACLF. The second clinical course (unstable decompensated cirrhosis) includes patients requiring frequent hospitalizations unrelated to ACLF and is associated with a lower mortality risk than pre-ACLF. Finally, the third clinical course (stable decompensated cirrhosis), includes two-thirds of all patients admitted to hospital with AD – patients in this group rarely require hospital admission and have a much lower 1-year mortality risk