Maintenance management program through the implementation of predictive tools and TPM as a contribution to improving energy efficiency in power plants

This paper presents an application method of a Maintenance Management Program through the implementation of predictive tools and the Total Productivity Maintenance (TPM) methodology as a contribution for the energy efficiency improvement in thermoelectric power plants. The results of the vibration analysis, lubricating oil condition and of the thermograph analysis are registered as diagnostic methods. The innovative advance in this paper was the application of four pillars from the TPM methodology at the control of the internal combustion engines efficiency at a thermoelectric power plant. This research has the objective to provide a more reliable maintenance process through the implementation of the measurement and control of the operating parameters of the plant resulting in a better management by reducing the stops due unforeseen problems. Some results of the methodology application were shown like: annual maintenance cost reduction due corrective maintenance, increase of the mean time between failure (MTBF) and reduction of the mean time to repair (MTTR) in all applied areas. These results reflected in a more reliable power generation without putting the facilities of the plant at risk with an annual cost reduction for the company

Evolution of the passive harmonic filters optimization problem in industrial power systems

Several authors have treated the optimization of passive filters in electric distribution systems. Optimization methods like: sequential quadratic programming (SQP), simulated annealing (SA), differential evolution (DE), artificial neural networks (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), etc., have been employed for optimizing certain configurations of passive filters. These optimization methods have been employed to solve several formulations of the problem of the project of filters. These formulations can be classified in: formulations of one or several objectives. The objective of the present work is to show the evolution of the formulation of this problem in the lasts years respect to the objective functions and constraints used. This analysis shows how the formulations employed have been upgraded from single-objective to multi-objective formulations to achieve a better representation of this complex problem

Effects of Distributed Generation on the Bidirectional Operation of Cascaded Step Voltage Regulators: Case Study of a Real 34.5 kV Distribution Feeder

This work investigates the impact of feeder bidirectional active power flow on the operation of two cascaded step voltage regulators (SVRs) located at a 34.5 kV rural distribution feeder. It shows that, when active power flow reversal is possible both by network reconfiguration and by high penetration levels of distributed generation (DG), typical SVR control mode settings are unable to prevent the occurrence of runaway condition, a phenomenon characterized by loss of SVR voltage control capabilities. Such developments are the basis for a DG pre-dispatch control strategy that aims to avoid the adverse effects of the described power flow reversal scenarios, as well as to ensure reliable operation of the utility distribution network.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, submitted to XXV SNPTEE 201

A inovação do ensino com criação de “usinas virtuais” de energia por meio da eficientização de sistemas de iluminação pública / Innovation in teaching with the creation of virtual power plants through the improvement of efficiency on public lighting systems

Atualmente, são utilizados diversos processos para a geração de energia elétrica, como por exemplo: usinas hidrelétricas, termoelétricas, nucleares, eólicas, solares, entre outras. Também, neste atual cenário, podem-se ressaltar as usinas virtuais, pois estas são responsáveis por disponibilizar energia por meio de ações de eficiência energética. Portanto, este artigo apresenta o direcionamento a esta forma de geração de energia, a qual fica disponibilizada, por alguma ação de eficiência energética, para outro uso na sociedade. A usina virtual apresentada neste trabalho é baseada em pesquisas de ações de eficiências no sistema nacional de iluminação pública por meio do uso de lâmpadas com maior índice de eficiência e maior vida útil, o que permite a disponibilidade de energia a outros setores, reduzindo gastos quanto a investimentos e melhorando os níveis de tensões do sistema elétrico. Com isso, pode-se considerar como uma usina geradora de energia

Técnicas de agregação aplicadas ao controle automático de geração de sistemas interligados

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Full-Observable Three-Phase State Estimation Algorithm Applied to Electric Distribution Grids

This paper proposes the development of a three-phase state estimation algorithm, which ensures complete observability for the electric network and a low investment cost for application in typical electric power distribution systems, which usually exhibit low levels of supervision facilities and measurement redundancy. Using the customers´ energy bills to calculate average demands, a three-phase load flow algorithm is run to generate pseudo-measurements of voltage magnitudes, active and reactive power injections, as well as current injections which are used to ensure the electrical network is full-observable, even with measurements available at only one point, the substation-feeder coupling point. The estimation process begins with a load flow solution for the customers´ average demand and uses an adjustment mechanism to track the real-time operating state to calculate the pseudo-measurements successively. Besides estimating the real-time operation state the proposed methodology also generates nontechnical losses estimation for each operation state. The effectiveness of the state estimation procedure is demonstrated by simulation results obtained for the IEEE 13-bus test network and for a real urban feeder

El índice de emisiones como parámetro para evaluar la contaminación ambiental de las Centrales Térmicas. Estudio de caso

En las plantas generadoras de electricidad, además de la energía eléctrica, se generan contaminantes del aire por los gases de escape. Hay normas nacionales e internacionales que establecen los límites permisibles de diferentes sustancias, pero no existe una expresión matemática para evaluar el impacto ambiental producido por todos los componentes de los gases como un todo. En este trabajo se desarrolla un procedimiento para evaluar este impacto. A la expresión matemática desarrollada se le denominó "índice de emisiones". Se ofrecen los índices de emisiones para motores de gas y de Fueloil. Para tener una idea exacta del impacto ambiental de cada tipo de motor se desarrolló también el "índice de emisiones específicas", que es la tasa de emisión dividida por la potencia del motor. Se ofrecen comparaciones entre los índices de emisión específicos de los motores a través de un estudio de caso de una planta generadora de electricidad en la ciudad de Manaus.In power plants, in addition to electricity, a lot of air pollution by exhaust gases are generated. There are many national and international standards that establish the permissible limits of different substances, but still has not been developed a mathematical expression to evaluate the environmental impact caused by all components of the exhaust gases as a whole. A method to evaluate this impact is developed in this paper. The developed mathematical expression was called "emission rate". Emission rates for gas engines and fuel oil engines are offered. To get a better idea of the environmental impact of each type of engine was also developed the "specific emission index", which is the emission rate divided by the power delivered by the engine. Comparisons between specific emission rates of different engines are offered by means of a case study in a power plant in the city of Manaus

The emission index as a parameter for assessing the environmental pollution from thermal power plants.: Case study

In power plants, in addition to electricity, a lot of air pollution by exhaust gases are generated. There are many national and international standards that establish the permissible limits of different substances, but still has not been developed a mathematical expression to evaluate the environmental impact caused by all components of the exhaust gases as a whole. A method to evaluate this impact is developed in this paper. The developed mathematical expression was called "emission rate". Emission rates for gas engines and fuel oil engines are offered. To get a better idea of the environmental impact of each type of engine was also developed the "specific emission index", which is the emission rate divided by the power delivered by the engine. Comparisons between specific emission rates of different engines are offered by means of a case study in a power plant in the city of Manaus.En las plantas generadoras de electricidad, además de la energía eléctrica, se generan contaminantes del aire por los gases de escape. Hay normas nacionales e internacionales que establecen los límites permisibles de diferentes sustancias, pero no existe una expresión matemática para evaluar el impacto ambiental producido por todos los componentes de los gases como un todo. En este trabajo se desarrolla un procedimiento para evaluar este impacto. A la expresión matemática desarrollada se le denominó "índice de emisiones". Se ofrecen los índices de emisiones para motores de gas y de Fueloil. Para tener una idea exacta del impacto ambiental de cada tipo de motor se desarrolló también el "índice de emisiones específicas", que es la tasa de emisión dividida por la potencia del motor. Se ofrecen comparaciones entre los índices de emisión específicos de los motores a través de un estudio de caso de una planta generadora de electricidad en la ciudad de Manaus

El índice de emisiones como parámetro para evaluar la contaminación ambiental de las Centrales Térmicas. Estudio de caso

En las plantas generadoras de electricidad, además de la energía eléctrica, se generan contaminantes del aire por los gases de escape. Hay normas nacionales e internacionales que establecen los límites permisibles de diferentes sustancias, pero no existe una expresión matemática para evaluar el impacto ambiental producido por todos los componentes de los gases como un todo. En este trabajo se desarrolla un procedimiento para evaluar este impacto. A la expresión matemática desarrollada se le denominó "índice de emisiones". Se ofrecen los índices de emisiones para motores de gas y de Fueloil. Para tener una idea exacta del impacto ambiental de cada tipo de motor se desarrolló también el "índice de emisiones específicas", que es la tasa de emisión dividida por la potencia del motor. Se ofrecen comparaciones entre los índices de emisión específicos de los motores a través de un estudio de caso de una planta generadora de electricidad en la ciudad de Manaus