Optimization and mechanisms for biodecoloration of a mixture of dyes by Trichosporon akiyoshidainum HP 2023

Trichosporon akiyoshidainum HP2023 is a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from Las Yungas rainforest (Tucumán, Argentina) and selected based on its outstanding textile-dye-decolorizing ability. In this work, the decolorization process was optimized using Reactive Black 5 as dye model. Lactose and urea were chosen as carbon and nitrogen sources through a one-at-time approach. Afterwards, factorial designs were employed for medium optimization, leading to the formulation of a simpler optimized medium which contains in g L−1: lactose 10, yeast extract 1, urea 0.5, KH2PO4 1 and MgSO4 1. Temperature and agitation conditions were also optimized. The optimized medium and incubation conditions for dye removal were extrapolated to other dyes individually and a mixture of them. Dye removal process happened through both biosorption and biodegradation mechanisms, depending primarily on the dye structure. A positive relation between initial inoculum and dye removal rate and a negative relation between initial dye concentration and final dye removal percentages were found. Under optimized conditions, T. akiyoshidainum HP2023 was able to completely remove a mixture of dyes up to a concentration of 300 mg L−1, a concentration much higher than those expected in real effluents.Fil: Martorell, María Martha. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto. Direccion Nacional del Antártico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosales Soro, Maria del Milagro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiologicos; ArgentinaFil: Pajot, Hipolito Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiologicos; ArgentinaFil: Castellanos, Lucia Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiologicos; Argentin

Nutritional prevention of granulomatosis in meagre larvae

Systemic granulomatosis is the most frequent disease in juvenile and adult meagre, but studies regarding the first appearance of granulomas in larvae do not exist. In order to evaluate this, meagre larvae were fed four different feeding regimes as follows: RS and RO (rotifer enriched with Easy DHA Selco or Ori-Green from 3-30 dph, respectively), RAS and RAO (rotifer enriched with Easy DHA Selco or Ori-Green from 3-21 dph and Artemia enriched with Easy DHA Selco or Ori-Green from 12-30 dph, respectively). All treatments were also fed with commercial microdiet from 20-30 dph. At 30 dph weight, length, specific growth rate and survival was significantly higher in Artemia-fed larvae, regardless of the enrichment. Microscopic first appearance of granulomas was observed in 20 dph larvae fed RS and RO. At 30 dph granulomas and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were significantly higher in RS and RO-fed larvae than in RAS and RAO-fed larvae. The results showed that granulomas first appeared in meagre larvae at 20 dph when fed rotifers only. Conversely, a reduced appearance of granulomas and lipid peroxidation occurs when Artemia is included in the feeding sequence reinforcing the hypothesis of a nutritional origin of the systemic granulomatosis

Effect of increasing docosahexaenoic acid content in weaning diets on survival, growth and skeletal anomalies of longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana, Valenciennes 1833)

Five isoproteic (54.8%) and isolipidic (24.1%) microdiets, which varied in their docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content (0.25, 0.75, 1.64, 1.99 and 3.17%; dw), were manufactured to determine its effects on longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana larvae in terms of fish biological performance, whole body fatty acid profile and incidence of skeletal anomalies from 30 dah (11.31 ± 1.79 Total Length, TL) to 50 dah (19.80±0.58 mm TL). The inclusion of dietary DHA up to 3.17% (dw) improved larval resistance to air exposure, although DHA did not significantly affect fish final growth or final survival. Indeed, high levels of dietary DHA (1.99% and 3.17%, dw) tended to increase the incidence of skeletal anomalies in S. rivoliana larvae, albeit no significant differences were observed. Furthermore, the occurrence of severe anomalies such as kyphosis and lordosis, was mainly associated to the larvae fed with the highest levels of dietary DHA. In terms of survival, increasing dietary DHA levels did not significantly affect longfin yellowtail survival rate, despite a tendency for enhanced survival. The results of the present study proved that the inclusion of dietary DHA in inert diets up to a 3.17% (dw) and a DHA/EPA ratio above 3.1 increased the final survival and stress resistance in S. rivoliana larvae

Self-trapping in an array of coupled 1D Bose gases

We study the transverse expansion of arrays of ultracold $^{87}$Rb atoms weakly confined in tubes created by a 2D optical lattice, and observe that transverse expansion is delayed because of mutual atom interactions. A mean-field model of a coupled array shows that atoms become localized within a roughly square fort-like self-trapping barrier with time-evolving edges. But the observed dynamics is poorly described by the mean-field model. Theoretical introduction of random phase fluctuations among tubes improves the agreement with experiment, but does not correctly predict the density at which the atoms start to expand with larger lattice depths. Our results suggest a new type of self-trapping, where quantum correlations suppress tunneling even when there are no density gradients

Sustainability under Active Inference

In this paper, we explore the known connection among sustainability, resilience, and well-being within the framework of active inference. Initially, we revisit how the notions of well-being and resilience intersect within active inference before defining sustainability. We adopt a holistic concept of sustainability denoting the enduring capacity to meet needs over time without depleting crucial resources. It extends beyond material wealth to encompass community networks, labor, and knowledge. Using the free energy principle, we can emphasize the role of fostering resource renewal, harmonious system–entity exchanges, and practices that encourage self-organization and resilience as pathways to achieving sustainability both as an agent and as a part of a collective. We start by connecting active inference with well-being, building on existing work. We then attempt to link resilience with sustainability, asserting that resilience alone is insufficient for sustainable outcomes. While crucial for absorbing shocks and stresses, resilience must be intrinsically linked with sustainability to ensure that adaptive capacities do not merely perpetuate existing vulnerabilities. Rather, it should facilitate transformative processes that address the root causes of unsustainability. Sustainability, therefore, must manifest across extended timescales and all system strata, from individual components to the broader system, to uphold ecological integrity, economic stability, and social well-being. We explain how sustainability manifests at the level of an agent and then at the level of collectives and systems. To model and quantify the interdependencies between resources and their impact on overall system sustainability, we introduce the application of network theory and dynamical systems theory. We emphasize the optimization of precision or learning rates through the active inference framework, advocating for an approach that fosters the elastic and plastic resilience necessary for long-term sustainability and abundance

Supplementation of vitamin E and C prevent granulomatosis in meagre larvae

Systemic granulomatosis has already been reported in meagre larvae with an adequate feeding protocol and enrichment media preventing its appearance in the first weeks of life. Afterwards, the control of this disease could be prevented through nutritional components of the inert food, being the antioxidants the key to success. For this reason, in the present study, meagre larvae were reared from 30 days post hatching (dph) with five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental microdiets with different levels of vitamin E and C: C- (40 mg kg-1 E, 100 mg kg-1 C), C+ (400 mg kg-1 E, 1,000 mg kg-1 C), Krill (400 mg kg-1 E, 1,000 mg kg-1 C and substitution of fish oil by krill oil), EC (200 mg kg-1 E, 500 mg kg-1 C) and EECC (800 mg kg-1 E, 2,000 mg kg-1 C). Prior to this, larvae were co-fed with rotifers and Artemia following a protocol which prevented the appearance of granulomas, as previously demonstrated. The substitution of fish oil by krill oil significantly increased levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 16.6 %) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 17.6 %) in meagre, consequently increasing the peroxidation index, which in turn translated into a higher incidence of granulomas. Although even low levels of vitamin E and C (40 mg kg-1 E, 100 mg kg-1 C; C-) allowed the adequate growth of larvae, these levels were not enough to prevent the appearance of granulomas, requiring superior levels of both antioxidant vitamins (800 mg kg-1 E and 2,000 mg kg-1 C) to mitigate systemic granulomatosis. This mitigation was simultaneous with the reduction of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARs content in larvae, which were highly correlated with the appearance of granulomas (R2=0.892, y=0.0446x+0.0756). A strong negative correlation was observed between the dietary levels of vitamin E (y = -0.0098x + 11.174, R2 = 0.8766, p value = 0.019, r = -0.93) and vitamin C (y = -0.0022x + 6.4777, R2 = 0.9278, p value = 0.003, r = -0.96) and the percentage of larvae with granulomas. The results showed that the occurrence of systemic granulomatosis seems to be associated to the larvae peroxidation status, so that high dietary levels of vitamin E and C (800 and 2,000 mg kg-1, respectively; Diet EECC), reduced lipid peroxidation and completely prevented the appearance of granulomas in meagre larvae at 44 dph

Consumo de drogas psicoativas em contexto sexual entre homens gays como fator de risco para transmissão de HIV/Aids

The aim was to search in the scientific literature what has been produced on the subject and to analyze the impacts of this sexual practice on the physical and mental health of its supporters, as well as its impacts on public health. This is an integrative literature review study, using the PRISMA model, based on two databases (PUBMED, and SciELO). 165 articles were found at PUBMED and no study at SciELO. After the eligibility criteria, 10 studies were included as the final sample of this review. The findings demonstrate that those who practice chemical sex are at significant risk to physical and mental health. The results demonstrate the need to promote support services from the contraction of chemical sex.Objetivou-se buscar na literatura científica o que vem sendo produzido sobre o tema e analisar os impactos desta prática sexual da saúde física e mental dos seus adeptos, bem como seus impactos na saúde pública. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, no modelo PRISMA, realizada a partir de duas bases de dados (PUBMED, e SciELO). Foram encontrados 165 artigos na PUBMED e nenhum estudo na SciELO. Após os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos 10 estudos como amostra final desta revisão. As descobertas demonstram que aqueles que praticam sexo químico estão em risco significativo à saúde física e mental. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de promoção dos serviços de suporte provenientes da contração do sexo químico

Vantagens e limitações do Serious Games no ensino da enfermagem: potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19

The aim was to discuss the advantages and limitations of the Serious Game (SG) in nursing education and its potential in the post-COVID-19 context. It is a theoretical reflection. SGs are games designed to entertain, educate, train and change behavior. As advantages, SGs present the possibility of replication at different and countless times, inserting the student in unusual situations, feedback directed at the student's performance, reduced cost compared to other simulators; use in various devices, entertainment and the practice of clinical reasoning and decision making in a safe and controlled environment. Limitations: lack of knowledge about the method can lead to disinterest; the number of cases students are exposed to; lack of long-term monitoring; the design itself limits the user to the touch or look of the actual experience. In the post-COVID-19 context, new technologies and virtual reality are likely to be essential components of health education. Although there are limitations, when associated with other strategies already disseminated in the classroom, GS has proven to be useful for nursing education. It is essential to disseminate this strategy, so that students arrive more prepared for the real clinical environment.Objetivou-se discorrer sobre as vantagens e limitações do Serious Game (SG) no ensino da enfermagem e seu potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica. Os SG são jogos desenvolvidos para entreter, educar, treinar e mudar o comportamento. Como vantagens os SG apresentam a possibilidade de replicação em diferentes e incontáveis momentos, inserir o estudante em situações incomuns, feedbacks direcionados à atuação do estudante, custo reduzido se comparados a outros simuladores; utilização em diversos dispositivos, entretenimento e a prática do raciocínio clínico e tomada de decisão em ambiente seguro e controlado. Limitações: o desconhecimento sobre o método pode culminar em desinteresse; o número de casos a que os alunos são expostos; falta de monitoramento a longo prazo; o próprio design limita o usuário quanto ao toque ou olhar da experiência real. No contexto pós-COVID-19, novas tecnologias e a realidade virtual têm grande probabilidade de serem componentes essenciais da formação em saúde. Embora existam limitações, quando associado às demais estratégias já difundidas da sala de aula o SG tem se mostrado útil para o ensino da enfermagem. É fundamental difundir essa estratégia, para que os estudantes cheguem mais preparados ao ambiente clínico real

Vantagens e limitações do Serious Games no ensino da enfermagem: potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19

The aim was to discuss the advantages and limitations of the Serious Game (SG) in nursing education and its potential in the post-COVID-19 context. It is a theoretical reflection. SGs are games designed to entertain, educate, train and change behavior. As advantages, SGs present the possibility of replication at different and countless times, inserting the student in unusual situations, feedback directed at the student's performance, reduced cost compared to other simulators; use in various devices, entertainment and the practice of clinical reasoning and decision making in a safe and controlled environment. Limitations: lack of knowledge about the method can lead to disinterest; the number of cases students are exposed to; lack of long-term monitoring; the design itself limits the user to the touch or look of the actual experience. In the post-COVID-19 context, new technologies and virtual reality are likely to be essential components of health education. Although there are limitations, when associated with other strategies already disseminated in the classroom, GS has proven to be useful for nursing education. It is essential to disseminate this strategy, so that students arrive more prepared for the real clinical environment.Objetivou-se discorrer sobre as vantagens e limitações do Serious Game (SG) no ensino da enfermagem e seu potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica. Os SG são jogos desenvolvidos para entreter, educar, treinar e mudar o comportamento. Como vantagens os SG apresentam a possibilidade de replicação em diferentes e incontáveis momentos, inserir o estudante em situações incomuns, feedbacks direcionados à atuação do estudante, custo reduzido se comparados a outros simuladores; utilização em diversos dispositivos, entretenimento e a prática do raciocínio clínico e tomada de decisão em ambiente seguro e controlado. Limitações: o desconhecimento sobre o método pode culminar em desinteresse; o número de casos a que os alunos são expostos; falta de monitoramento a longo prazo; o próprio design limita o usuário quanto ao toque ou olhar da experiência real. No contexto pós-COVID-19, novas tecnologias e a realidade virtual têm grande probabilidade de serem componentes essenciais da formação em saúde. Embora existam limitações, quando associado às demais estratégias já difundidas da sala de aula o SG tem se mostrado útil para o ensino da enfermagem. É fundamental difundir essa estratégia, para que os estudantes cheguem mais preparados ao ambiente clínico real