Alternatives to penoxsulam to control Echinochloa spp. and cyperaceous weeds in rice crop in NE Spain

Penoxsulam es un herbicida que se aplica de forma generalizada en los arrozales del nordeste peninsular al resultar eficaz frente a Echinochloa spp. y tener cierto control frente a ciperáceas, pero tiene el inconveniente de pertenecer a un grupo de herbicidas vulnerable a la aparición de resistencias. El objetivo del trabajo fue buscar programas de herbicidas alternativos al penoxsulam para preservar el máximo de tiempo posible las escasas materias activas disponibles. El trabajo constó de 6 ensayos, distribuidos en 3 localidades (Huesca y Zaragoza) durante tres años de cultivo (2011-2013). En cada ensayo se aplicaron 8 programas herbicidas repetidos dos veces y distribuidos al azar. Los resultados mostraron que, efectivamente, penoxsulam aplicado en estado de 1-3 hojas de arroz controla satisfactoriamente Echinochloa spp., con aplicación previa de oxadiazon en presiembra. Los dos mejores programas alternativos fueron: (1) Aplicación en presiembra de oxadiazon, en 1-3 hojas de arroz, profoxidim, y hasta ahijado del arroz, bentazona+ MCPA, o halosulfuron-metil (2) aplicación en 1-3 hojas del arroz: propanil+bispiribac-Na, y hasta ahijado, bentazona+MCPA, controlando además ciperáceas, teniendo como inconveniente este último programa que bispiribac-Na es del mismo modo de acción que penoxsulam (aunque pertenece a otra familia química). Los resultados muestran, por tanto, que existen varias combinaciones eficaces sobre las malas hierbas objetivo para prevenir la aparición de resistencias a los herbicidas.Penoxsulam is commonly-used in rice crop in North eastern Spain with excellent control against Echi - nochloa ssp. and with some effect on Cyperaceae, but it belongs to an herbicide group prone to develop resistant biotypes. The aim of this work was to test herbicide programmes alternative to penoxsulam to preserve the efficacy of the few available active ingredients. The work consisted of 6 trials. Located in three locations during three years (2011-2013). In each trial eight herbicide programmes were applied, in two replicates distributed randomly in the field. The results showed that, effectively, penoxsulam had a good control on Echinochloa spp. after applying oxadiazon presowing. The best two alternative programmes to control Echinochloa ssp. and cyperaceous weeds were: (1) oxadiazon presowing followed by an application of profoxydim at 1-3 leaves stages of the rice and a third treatment until rice tillering of bentazone + MCPA or halosulfuron-metil and (2) propanil + bispyribac-Na at 1-3 leaves stage of the rice, a second treatment until rice tillering of bentazone + MCPA controlling both Echinochloa spp. and cyperaceous weeds. The drawback of this second programme is that bispyribac-Na belongs to the same mode of action group as penoxsulam although to different chemical families. However, the results show that it is possible to control the target weeds with several herbicide combinations to prevent herbicide-resistance appearance.Publishe

Analysis of the information about Doctoral Degrees presented in the Spanish universities websites.

Globalization has intensified competition, as evidenced by the growing number of international classification systems (rankings) and the attention paid to them. Doctoral education has an international character in itself. It should promote opportunities for graduate students lo participate in these international studies. The quality and competitiveness are two of the most important issues for universities. To promote the interest of graduates to continue their education after the graduate level, it would be necessary to improve the published information of ihe doctoral programs. It should increase the visibility and provide high-quality, easily accessible and comparable information which includes all the relevant aspects of these programs. The authors analysed the website contents of doctoral programs, it was observed a lack of quality of them and very poor information about the contents, so that it was decided that any of them could constitute a model for creating new websites. The recommendations on the format and contents in the web were made by a discussion group. They recommended an attractive design; a page with easy access to contents and easy to find on Ihe net and with the information in more than one language. It should include complete program and academic staff information. It should also be included the study's results which should be easily accessible and includes quantitative data, such as number of students who completed scholars, publications, research projects, average duration of the studies, etc. It will facilitate the choice of progra

DOCument Scraping for Student Research: From Documents to Knowledge

Laboratorio de enseñanza-aprendizaje-proinvestigación para incentivar la vocación investigadora mediante la inmersión en procesos de extracción de datos (scraping), fomento de capacidades transversales y métodos de la investigación científica, en el ámbito de las Ciencias de la Documentació

Effectiveness of Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections

IMPORTANCE The consumption of broad-spectrum drugs has increased as a consequence of the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Finding alternatives for these infections is critical, for which some neglected drugs may be an option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fosfomycin is noninferior to ceftriaxone or meropenem in the targeted treatment of bacteremic urinary tract infections (bUTIs) due to MDR E coli. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open clinical trial was conducted at 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018. Eligible participants were adult patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections due to MDR E coli; 161 of 1578 screened patients were randomized and followed up for 60 days. Data were analyzed in May 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1 to 1 to receive intravenous fosfomycin disodium at 4 g every 6 hours (70 participants) or a comparator (ceftriaxone or meropenem if resistant; 73 participants) with the option to switch to oral fosfomycin trometamol for the fosfomycin group or an active oral drug or pa renteral ertapenem for the comparator group after 4 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5 to 7 days after finalization of treatment; a noninferiority margin of 7% was considered. RESULTS Among 143 patients in the modified intention-to-treat population (median [IQR] age, 72 [62-81] years; 73 [51.0%] women), 48 of 70 patients (68.6%) treated with fosfomycin and 57 of 73 patients (78.1%) treated with comparators reached CMC (risk difference, -9.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI, -21.5 to infinity percentage points; P = .10). While clinical or microbiological failure occurred among 10 patients (14.3%) treated with fosfomycin and 14 patients (19.7%) treated with comparators (risk difference, -5.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI. -infinity to 4.9; percentage points; P = .19), an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations occurred with fosfomycin vs comparators (6 discontinuations [8.5%] vs 0 discontinuations; P = .006). In an exploratory analysis among a subset of 38 patients who underwent rectal colonization studies, patients treated with fosfomycin acquired a new ceftriaxone-resistant or meropenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria at a decreased rate compared with patients treated with comparators (0 of 21 patients vs 4 of 17 patients [23.5%]; 1-sided P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that fosfomycin did not demonstrate noninferiority to comparators as targeted treatment of bUTI from MDR E coli; this was due to an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations. This finding suggests that fosfomycin may be considered for selected patients with these infections

Elaboración de metodologías, materiales y recursos didácticos para la docencia de la filosofía en educación secundaria, estudios de grado y estudios de posgrado

Memoria ID2022-061. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Las emociones en el profesorado: el afecto y el enfado como recursos para el disciplinamiento

Resumen Este artículo indaga lo que dice, piensa y siente el profesorado sobre la gestión de la disciplina en el aula y de cómo esto, a su vez, moldea la conducta y condiciona la participación y el desempeño del alumnado. Se basa en un estudio cualitativo (mediante entrevistas, cuaderno de campo, evaluación crítica de informantes claves) que, a través del análisis del pensamiento pedagógico práctico (supuestos ideológicos tácitos, no conscientes) que aparece en el discurso de los profesores, lo compara con la ideología pedagógica dominante (saberes formales e impuestos) poniendo en evidencia una falta de coincidencia y coherencia entre ambos e influyendo esto, a su vez, en las relaciones en el aula. No se pretende descubrir algo nuevo, sino hacerlo visible y describir los mecanismos que intervienen. De este modo, se refuta una creencia muy extendida de que el mal clima del aula se debe a alumnos indisciplinados, ya que en las relaciones resultantes la reacción del docente es determinante. Centrándose en el afecto y el enfado, se observa cómo se crea un ambiente de trabajo, que convierte a estas emociones en herramientas para disciplinar, la primera de una manera más preventiva y la segunda más correctiva, es decir, que se constituyen en un recurso más para el control de la conducta de los alumnos

Anti-Spike antibodies 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine booster dose in patients on hemodialysis: the prospective SENCOVAC study

Background: Patients on hemodialysis are at high-risk for complications derived from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present analysis evaluated the impact of a booster vaccine dose and breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on humoral immunity 3 months after the booster dose. Methods: This is a multicentric and prospective study assessing immunoglobulin G anti-Spike antibodies 6 and 9 months after initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients on hemodialysis that had also received a booster dose before the 6-month assessment (early booster) or between the 6- and 9-month assessments (late booster). The impact of breakthrough infections, type of vaccine, time from the booster and clinical variables were assessed. Results: A total of 711 patients [67% male, median age (range) 67 (20-89) years] were included. Of these, 545 (77%) received an early booster and the rest a late booster. At 6 months, 64 (9%) patients had negative anti-Spike antibody titers (3% of early booster and 29% of late booster patients, P =. 001). At 9 months, 91% of patients with 6-month negative response had seroconverted and there were no differences in residual prevalence of negative humoral response between early and late booster patients (0.9% vs 0.6%, P =. 693). During follow-up, 35 patients (5%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody titers at 9 months were independently associated with mRNA-1273 booster (P =. 001), lower time from booster (P =. 043) and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (P <. 001). Conclusions: In hemodialysis patients, higher titers of anti-Spike antibodies at 9 months were associated with mRNA-1273 booster, lower time from booster and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infectionThe present project has been supported by Fresenius Medical Care, Diaverum, Vifor Pharma, Vircell, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo and ISCIII FEDER funds RICORS2040 (RD21/0005

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Çédille, revista de estudios franceses

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