Qualitative and Comparative Analysis of Stormwater management in the Tan Brook Watershed

The Tan Brook Watershed is both a daylighted and diverted underground stream that runs through the Town Center of Amherst and the campus of UMass Amherst. Various stormwater management practices have been used to infiltrate stormwater runoff from streets, lots, buildings and/or vehicles. These systems are custom-designed relative to the surrounding permeability of the soil, vegetation and geographical topography. Some systems have higher success rates than others

DEVELOPING A RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND RISK TAXONOMY FOR MEDIUM-SIZED IT SOLUTION PROVIDERS

To differentiate from competitors, some organizations are transforming their business models from offering single products or services to providing IT solutions. In an IT solution, the provider and the customer co-operate in integrating hardware, software and service components to fulfil customer-specific needs. The new business model, however, presents new risk management challenges. First, IT solution providers need to understand additional risks of IT solutions, e.g., risks engendered by operating the IT solution on behalf of the customer and by integrating modules from third-party providers. Second, risk management must account for special IT solution characteristics, e.g., supporting the whole lifecycle from planning to end-of-life and accounting for customer-specific risk profiles. In this paper, we present the results of our design science research with a medium-sized IT solution provider. We developed two artifacts. First, we cooperatively developed a risk management process that could be generalized to other solution providers of similar size. Second, we derived a taxonomy of IT solution risks to provide a foundation for the risk management process. We describe the process by which our research partner transformed the risk management and discuss implications for medium-sized IT solution providers

The distribution of burden of dental caries in schoolchildren: a critique of the high-risk caries prevention strategy for populations

BACKGROUND: The 'high-risk approach' is a commonly adopted strategy recommended for the prevention of dental caries in populations. The scientific basis for the strategy has been questioned. The objective of this study is to assess the contribution that children identified at 'high-risk' made towards the total of new caries lesions over a 4-year period, by analysing the distribution of new lesions per 100 children. METHODS: Data are from the National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Programme (NPDDP) in the United States. The analyses identified the distribution of new carious lesions over a 4-year period in four groups of 7 year-old children who received differing preventive regimes. RESULTS: The majority of new lesions occurred in those children classified at lowest caries risk at baseline. Irrespective of the preventive regime adopted and the initial caries levels, children classified as 'highest risk' contributed less than 6% of the total number of new lesions developing over 4 years. CONCLUSION: These findings challenge the basis for the adoption of a high-risk strategy

An extremal effective survey about extremal effective cycles in moduli spaces of curves

We survey recent developments and open problems about extremal effective divisors and higher codimension cycles in moduli spaces of curves.Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the Abel Symposium 2017. Comments are welcom

Advancing Research Data Management in Universities of Science and Technology

The white paper ‘Advancing Research Data Management in Universities of Science and Technology’ shares insights on the state-of-the-art in research data management, and recommendations for advancement. A core part of the paper are the results of a survey, which was distributed to our member institutions in 2019 and addressed the following aspects of research data management (RDM): (i) the establishment of a RDM policy at the university; (ii) the provision of suitable RDM infrastructure and tools; and (iii) the establishment of RDM support services and trainings tailored to the requirements of science and technology disciplines. The paper reveals that while substantial progress has been made, there is still a long way to go when it comes to establishing “advanced-degree programmes at our major universities for the emerging field of data scientist”, as recommended in the seminal 2010 report ‘Riding the Wave’, and our white paper offers concrete recommendations and best practices for university leaders, researchers, operational staff, and policy makers. The topic of RDM has become a focal point in many scientific disciplines, in Europe and globally. The management and full utilisation of research data are now also at the top of the European agenda, as exemplified by Ursula von der Leyen addressat this year’s World Economic Forum.However, the implementation of RDM remains divergent across Europe. The white paper was written by a diverse team of RDM specialists, including data scientists and data stewards, with the work led by the RDM subgroup of our Task Force Open Science. The writing team included Angelina Kraft (Head of Lab Research Data Services at TIB, Leibniz University Hannover) who said: “The launch of RDM courses and teaching materials at universities of science and technology is a first important step to motivate people to manage their data. Furthermore, professors and PIs of all disciplines should actively support data management and motivate PhD students to publish their data in recognised digital repositories.” Another part of the writing team was Barbara Sanchez (Head of Centre for Research Data Management, TU Wien) and Malgorzata Goraczek (International Research Support / Data Management Support, TU Wien) who added:“A reliable research data infrastructure is a central component of any RDM service. In addition to the infrastructure, proper RDM is all about communication and cooperation. This includes bringing tools, infrastructures, staff and units together.” Alastair Dunning (Head of 4TU.ResearchData, Delft University of Technology), also one of the writers, added: “There is a popular misconception that better research data management only means faster and more efficient computers. In this white paper, we emphasise the role that training and a culture of good research data management must play.

Presence of papillomavirus sequences in condylomatous lesions of the mamillae and in invasive carcinoma of the breast

BACKGROUND: Viruses including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a human equivalent of murine mammary tumour virus (MMTV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated in the aetiology of human breast cancer. We report the presence of HPV DNA sequences in areolar tissue and tumour tissue samples from female patients with breast carcinoma. The presence of virus in the areolar–nipple complex suggests to us a potential pathogenic mechanism. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was undertaken to amplify HPV types in areolar and tumour tissue from breast cancer cases. In situ hybridisation supported the PCR findings and localised the virus in nipple, areolar and tumour tissue. RESULTS: Papillomavirus DNA was present in 25 of 29 samples of breast carcinoma and in 20 of 29 samples from the corresponding mamilla. The most prevalent type in both carcinomas and nipples was HPV 11, followed by HPV 6. Other types detected were HPV 16, 23, 27 and 57 (nipples and carcinomas), HPV 20, 21, 32, 37, 38, 66 and GA3-1 (nipples only) and HPV 3, 15, 24, 87 and DL473 (carcinomas only). Multiple types were demonstrated in seven carcinomas and ten nipple samples. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate the occurrence of HPV in nipple and areolar tissues in patients with breast carcinoma. The authors postulate a retrograde ductular pattern of viral spread that may have pathogenic significance

Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes

Despite the continuous increase in capacity, lithium-ion intercalation batteries are approaching their performance limits. As a result, research is intensifying on next-generation battery technologies. The use of a lithium metal anode promises the highest theoretical energy density and enables use of lithium-free or novel high-energy cathodes. However, the lithium metal anode suffers from poor morphological stability and Coulombic efficiency during cycling, especially in liquid electrolytes. In contrast to solid electrolytes, liquid electrolytes have the advantage of high ionic conductivity and good wetting of the anode, despite the lithium metal volume change during cycling. Rapid capacity fade due to inhomogeneous deposition and dissolution of lithium is the main hindrance to the successful utilization of the lithium metal anode in combination with liquid electrolytes. In this perspective, we discuss how experimental and theoretical insights can provide possible pathways for reversible cycling of twodimensional lithium metal. Therefore, we discuss improvements in the understanding of lithium metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping on the nanoscale. As the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in the lithium morphology, we discuss how the proper SEI design might allow stable cycling. We highlight recent advances in conventional and (localized) highly concentrated electrolytes in view of their respective SEIs. We also discuss artificial interphases and three-dimensional host frameworks, which show prospects of mitigating morphological instabilities and suppressing large shape change on the electrode level