Dynamic Phenotypic Switching and Group Behavior Help Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Evade Chemotherapy

Drug resistance, a major challenge in cancer therapy, is typically attributed to mutations and genetic heterogeneity. Emerging evidence suggests that dynamic cellular interactions and group behavior also contribute to drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we present a new mathematical approach with game theoretical underpinnings that we developed to model real-time growth data of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and discern patterns in response to treatment with cisplatin. We show that the cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-tolerant NSCLC cells, when co-cultured in the absence or presence of the drug, display dynamic group behavior strategies. Tolerant cells exhibit a \u27persister-like\u27 behavior and are attenuated by sensitive cells; they also appear to \u27educate\u27 sensitive cells to evade chemotherapy. Further, tolerant cells can switch phenotypes to become sensitive, especially at low cisplatin concentrations. Finally, switching treatment from continuous to an intermittent regimen can attenuate the emergence of tolerant cells, suggesting that intermittent chemotherapy may improve outcomes in lung cancer

Genome-wide association study identifies loci and candidate genes for grain micronutrients and quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Malnutrition due to micronutrients and protein deficiency is recognized among the major global health issues. Genetic biofortification of wheat is a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to mitigate the global micronutrient and protein malnutrition. Genomic regions governing grain zinc concentration (GZnC), grain iron concentration (GFeC), grain protein content (GPC), test weight (TW), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were investigated in a set of 184 diverse bread wheat genotypes through genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS panel was genotyped using Breeders' 35 K Axiom Array and phenotyped in three different environments during 2019–2020. A total of 55 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified representing all three sub-genomes of wheat. The highest number of MTAs were identified for GPC (23), followed by TKW (15), TW (11), GFeC (4), and GZnC (2). Further, a stable SNP was identified for TKW, and also pleiotropic regions were identified for GPC and TKW. In silico analysis revealed important putative candidate genes underlying the identified genomic regions such as F-box-like domain superfamily, Zinc finger CCCH-type proteins, Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase, Histone deacetylase domain superfamily, and SANT/Myb domain superfamily proteins, etc. The identified novel MTAs will be validated to estimate their effects in different genetic backgrounds for subsequent use in marker-assisted selection

A network approach to public goods

Abstract We study settings where each agent can exert costly effort that creates nonrival, heterogeneous benefits for some of the others. For example, municipalities can forgo consumption to reduce pollution. How do the prospects for efficient cooperation depend on asymmetries in the effects of players' actions? We approach this question by analyzing a network that describes the marginal benefits agents can confer on one another. The first set of results explains how the largest eigenvalue of this network measures the marginal gains available from cooperating; as an application, we describe the players whose participation is essential to achieving any Pareto improvement on an inefficient status quo. Next, we examine mechanisms all of whose equilibria are Pareto efficient and individually rational; an outcome is called robust if it is an equilibrium outcome in every such mechanism. Robust outcomes exist and correspond to the Lindahl public goods solutions. The main result is a characterization of effort levels at these outcomes in terms of players' centralities in the benefits network. It entails that an outcome is robust if and only if agents contribute in proportion to how much they value the efforts of those who help them

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Not AvailablePhosphate solubilization and growth promotion by Pseudomonas fragi CS11RH1 (MTCC 8984), a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from a high altitude garlic rhizosphere from the Indian Himalayas, are reported here. The identity of the isolate was arrived on the basis of its biochemical features and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The isolate grew and solubilized phosphate at temperatures ranging from 4 to 30°C. Besides solubilizing P it produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Seed bacterization with the isolate significantly increased the percent germination, rate of germination, plant biomass and nutrient uptake of wheat seedlings. While Pseudomonas fragi is normally associated with the spoilage of dairy products stored at cold temperatures, this is an early report on the plant growth promoting ability of the bacterium.ICA

Effects of globalization on geography education in universities in Turkey

Küreselleşme en basit tanımıyla uluslararası ilişkilerin, iletişim ve ulaşım teknolojilerinin gelişmesiyle mal, hizmet, bilgi ve insanın dünya çapındaki hareketliliğinde meydana gelen yaygınlaşmadır. Yer ile ilgili ilk genellemelerin yapılması (ilk dünya haritasının çizilmesi, coğrafi keşifler vb.) ile küreselleşmenin başladığı ve sanayi devrimi ile ivme kazandığı söylenebilir. Ancak küreselleşmeyi asıl önemli yapan 1980?li yılların başlarından beri uluslar arası ilişkilerin (ekonomik, siyasi kültürel vb.) gelişmesi, üretim, ulaşım ve iletişim teknolojilerinde meydana gelen hızlı gelişmelerin sonucunda küresel boyutta yaşanan değişimdir._x000B_Küreselleşmenin en fazla etkili olduğu alanlardan biri de eğitim sektörüdür. Yetiştirilecek bireylerin küresel etkilere ayak uydurması gereklidir. Küresel değerleri kavrayabilen, ulusal değerleri koruyan bireylerin yetiştirilmesi eğitim faaliyetleri ile gerçekleştirilebilmektedir._x000B_Küreselleşmenin üniversitelerimizdeki coğrafya eğitimi üzerinde de kaçınılmaz etkileri olmuştur. Osmanlı Devletinde cılız da olsa başlayan bu etkiler Cumhuriyetin kurulması ve İkinci Dünya Savaşının başlamasıyla ilerlemeye başlamıştır. Küresel boyutta 1980?li yıllardan itibaren uygulanan siyasi ve ekonomik politikalar küreselleşmenin coğrafya bölümlerimiz üzerindeki etkilerini daha da arttırmıştır. 1990?lı yıllardan günümüze soğuk savaşın sona ermesi ve ülkemizin Avrupa Birliğine girme çalışmalarının hız kazanması ile yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır._x000B_Ülkemiz üniversitelerinde coğrafyanın tarihsel gelişimi ve kuruluşu, eğitim programları, akademik personel, akademik coğrafya yayınları, ders araç gereçleri, coğrafya eğitim ve öğretiminde internet kullanımı, yabancı dil öğrenimi, yabancı üniversitelerin coğrafya bölümleri ile işbirliği gibi alanlarda küreselleşmenin etkilerinin daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak coğrafya bölümlerinin yapısı, akademik coğrafya dergileri, coğrafya mesleği gibi alanlarda küreselleşmenin daha az etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır._x000B_Küreselleşmenin etkilerinden üniversitelerimizin her bir coğrafya bölümü kendilerine özgü koşuları ile etkilenmektedir. Küreselleşmenin üniversitelerimizdeki coğrafya eğitimi üzerine etkilerine odaklanarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile küreselleşmenin üniversitelerimizdeki coğrafya eğitimi üzerine etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır. The simplest definition of globalization of international relations, communications and transportation technology to the progress of goods, services, informations and human commonly occurring in the worldwide mobility. The first place to make generalizations of (the first to draw the world map, geographical discoveries, etc..) And globalization and the industrial revolution began with the impetus it can be said. However, globalization actually makes important since the early 1980s, international relations (economic, political, cultural, etc..) Development, production, transportation and communication technologies developments occurring as a result of rapid changes in global dimension is._x000B_The most effective area of globalization is one of the education sector. Individuals will be trained to keep pace with global effects is required. Global values can comprehend, national values that protect individuals' upbringing and education activities can be carried out. Therefore, inter-university cooperation and student exchange programs, development of teaching staff has been implemented. Thus, our education system to provide global integration and global minimization of adverse effects has been to provide._x000B_Effects of Globalization had an inevitable impact on our universities geography education. Although the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of this puny impact on the establishment of the Republic and the start of the Second World War began to increase. Applied at a global level since the 1980s political and economic policies of globalization and the impact of geography departments has further increased. 1990s to today the end of the cold war and our country's entry into the European Union to accelerate efforts gained a new dimension._x000B_At the universities of our country's geography and historical development organizations, educational programs, academic personnel, academic geography publications, course tools, geography education and training in the use of the internet, foreign language learning, foreign universities with geography departments cooperate in areas such as effects of globalization is more than can be seen. However, part of the structure of geography, geography of the academic journals, professional areas such as geography of globalization is understood to be less effective._x000B_Effects of globalization on the our universities geography departments each with its own specific conditions are affected. Effects of globalization on education geography by focusing in our universities conducted this study in our universities and globalization effects on geography education is trying to reveal

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Not AvailableA psychrotolerant, Gram negative, rod shaped, plant growth promoting bacterium (PGPB) was isolated from high altitude of North Western Indian Himalayas. The identity of the bacterium was confirmed by morphological, biochemical and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The sequence analysis revealed maximum similarity withPseudomonas vancouverensis. It exhibited tolerance to a wide pH range (5–12; optimum 7.0) and salt concentrations up to 5% (w/v). The isolate produced 8.33 and 1.38 μg/ml of IAA at 15°C and 4°C respectively, on the third day after incubation. It solubilised 42.3, 66.3 and 74.1 μg/ml of tricalcium phosphate at 4, 15 and 28°C respectively after seven days of incubation. The strain also possessed HCN and siderophore production abilities at 4°C. It exhibited inhibitory activity against several phytopathogenic fungi in three different bioassays. The maximum relative growth inhibitionICA

Characterizing the Propagation of Uterine Electrophysiological Signals Recorded with a Multi-Sensor Abdominal Array in Term Pregnancies - Fig 3

<p><b>(a)</b> Front view of the SARA sensors and partitioning in four quadrants. An example of connectivity (lines) between quadrants and COGs (green dots) for Subject 202. <b>(b)</b> Plot showing the distance between COGs between quadrants and detected delay for each connection. <b>(c)</b> The table below provides the average values of delay and propagation speeds between quadrants.</p