Maximum Principle for Solution of Biharmonic Equation in The Ball

The intention of this paper is to estimate the biharmonic equation  on a bounded domain  in the space for  with the boundary condition: where we made a function  that equivalent the solution of biharmonic equation:   by using  and applying the principle of the maximum and minimum value, we can estimate the solution of biharmonic equation through the boundary value  : where  is a continuous function ,  Laplace operator ,  biharmonic operator ,  is the boundary of the domain   ,   is the derivative for the outward rhyming on the boundary of ,  , and  is Nabla’s operator.  

Comparisons of Guidelines and Recommendations on Managing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis (AAV) is associated with high morbidity or mortality, especially if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Many inroads have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology that leads to exploration of novel therapies. Randomized controlled trials over the last 2 decades have better delineated and expanded therapeutic options and set the stage for an evidence-based approach. Since 2014, 4 scientific societies have systematically reviewed the existing data and have formulated evidence-based recommendations for the management of AAV. These recommendations cover diagnosis, remission induction and maintenance treatment, and prevention of long-term complications. This review is a comparative analysis of the recently published recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism/European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association, the British Society of Rheumatology, the Canadian Vasculitis Research Network, and the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology, and aims to determine common ground among them and highlights the differences among the recommendations

Case report of successful peginterferon, ribavirin, and daclatasvir therapy for recurrent cholestatic hepatitis C after liver retransplantation

A recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation (LT) can lead to accelerated allograft injury and fibrosis. The aim of this article is to report the first ever use of daclatasvir (DCV; also known as BMS‐790052), a potent orally administered nonstructural 5A replication complex inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon α (PEG‐IFNα) and ribavirin in an LT recipient. A 49‐year‐old female developed a severe recurrent HCV genotype 1b infection 4 months after transplantation with severe cholestasis on biopsy, an HCV RNA level of 10,000,000 IU/mL, an alkaline phosphatase level of 1525 IU/mL, and a total bilirubin level of 8.4 mg/dL. Despite partial virological suppression with PEG‐IFNα and ribavirin, progressive allograft failure ensued and culminated in retransplantation at 9 months. Three months after the second transplant, DCV (20 mg/day), PEG‐IFNα2a (180 μg/week), and ribavirin (800 mg/day) were prescribed for early recurrent cholestatic HCV. Serum HCV RNA became undetectable at week 3 of treatment and remained undetectable during 24 weeks of triple therapy and during the posttreatment follow‐up. DCV was well tolerated, and the trough drug levels were within the targeted range throughout the treatment. The cyclosporine trough levels were also stable during and after therapy. In conclusion, the lack of anticipated drug‐drug interactions between DCV and calcineurin inhibitors and the potent antiviral efficacy of DCV make this agent (in combination with PEG‐IFN and ribavirin) an attractive antiviral regimen worthy of further study in LT recipients with recurrent HCV. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93517/1/23482_ftp.pd

The role of lifestyle changes in the management of chronic liver disease

The prevalence of obesity worldwide has dramatically increased during the last three decades. With obesity comes a variety of adverse health outcomes which are grouped under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome. The liver in particular seems to be significantly impacted by fat deposition in the presence of obesity. In this article we discuss several liver conditions which are directly affected by overweight and obese status, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic infection with hepatitis C virus and post-liver transplant status. The deleterious effects of obesity on liver disease and overall health can be significantly impacted by a culture that fosters sustained nutritional improvement and regular physical activity. Here we summarize the current evidence supporting non-pharmacological, lifestyle interventions that lead to weight reduction, improved physical activity and better nutrition as part of the management and treatment of these liver conditions

EFFECTS OF MULTIMEDIA CONTENTS ON THE BRAIN DURING MEMORY RETENTION AND RECALLING PROCESS

Including multimedia as a part of instruction can significantly enhance student learning. Therefore, understanding the effects of using multimedia on brain activities during memory recall can help to build better learning system which reflects increasing in memory performance for the learners. Few interesting previous studies investigated the effects of using multimedia subjectively as well as objectively but for short-term memory only, while long-term memory previous studies used only subjective measurement. Thus, this research focuses in investigating the effects of using multimedia on long-term memory using subjective feedback and EEG signals for objective measurement. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an important neuroimaging modality which allows studying the changes in brain neuronal networks related to cognitive processes