Molecular characterisation of the oldest domesticated Turkish einkorn wheat landraces with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) is an ancient diploid wheat species with many useful traits and used as a wheat gene discovery model. In this research, a total of 41 diploid and tetraploid wheat accessions were tested using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 33 genotypes of T. monococcum along with four genotypes each of tetraploid wheat (T. dicoccon and T. durum) were used as plant material. The analysis utilized 10 polymorphic markers, including a total number of 41 alleles with an average frequency of 4.1 alleles per locus during exploration of the level of genetic variations. Various diversity analyses, which are the effective number of alleles (Ne), gene diversity (h), Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), and Shannon's information index (I), were performed for 10 'A' genome wheat SSR markers. The results showed a narrow variation in einkorn genotypes, supported by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), with 66% maximum variation in all genotypes. The structure analysis divided the whole germplasm into two populations. A dendrogram was constructed to determine the genetic similarities using the unpaired group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA), which separated tetraploid wheat from other genotypes/accessions. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) co-supported the clustering of UPGMA and structure by differentiating the diploid and tetraploid wheat. These findings will help understand the genetic relationships among these wheat accessions and their use in breeding programs in the future works

In vitro shoot regeneration from preconditioned explants of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The present study reports the successful shoot regeneration of preconditioned mature embryo and embryonic axis explants of chickpea cv. Gokce. Explants were preconditioned with 10 mgl benzylaminopurine (BA) for 7 days followed by culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/l BA with or without 0.25 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) supplemented with 4 mg/l activated charcoal and 1 mg/l polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP). Shoot regeneration was recorded on all explants. Maximum number of (14.75) shoots per explants on mature embryo were recorded on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA with 0.25 mg/l NAA. Whereas, 16.83 shoots per explants were recorded on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA. Presence of NAA in the culture medium decreased the mean shoot length of both explants compared to medium devoid of 0.25 mg/l NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l indole-butyric acid (IBA) after 4 weeks of culture. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots for acclimatization under green house conditions

Effects of mother corm diameter and plant growth regulators on ex vitro corm propagule regeneration in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

WOS: 000437427100004Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). is an economically important spice, medicinal and dye plant that is vegetatively propagated through corms. Saffron corms have low multiplication efficiency under field conditions; therefore, any effort to accelerate their multiplication will be desired. The study aimed to establish a mutiplication system using small (1.10 to 1.75 cm) and large (1.75 to 2.40 cm) diametered mother saffron corms after treatment with 20 mg + 300 mg.L(-1)BAP + 300 mg.L-1 GA(3) or 20 mg.L-1 BAP for 4, 6, 8, 10 h. The best corm induction rate was noted on treatment with 20 mg.L-1 BAP for 4 h pretreatment irrespective of the mother corm dimeter. Small and large mother corms had maximum multiplication rate of 80.00 and 86.67%, mean number of 6.17 and 5.55 cormlets induction per mother corm with 0.62 and 0.69 cm diameter. All of them induced variable number of roots per corm propagule. The experiment was completed in 90 days. The results show that, pretreatment of saffron corms with BAP + GA(3) or BAP could serve as an appropriate technique for economic multiplication of saffron corms without compromising qualitative and quantitative characteristics of saffron. The results obtained in this study could be used to help in designing improved saffron corm production in future.Departments of Field Crops, Usak and Ankara Universities, TurkeyThe authors acknowledge joint support of the Departments of Field Crops, Usak and Ankara Universities, Turkey

Distribution of 64 <i>CsbZIP</i> genes onto seven cucumber chromosomes.

<p>(A) Percentage of <i>bZIP</i> genes on each cucumber chromosome to show their distribution abundance. (B) Graphical (scaled) representation of physical locations for each <i>CsbZIP</i> gene on cucumber chromosomes (numbered 1–7). Tandem-duplicated genes on a particular chromosome are indicated in the box. Chromosomal distances are given in Mbp.</p

Genome-Wide Analysis of the bZIP Transcription Factors in Cucumber

<div><p>bZIP proteins are one of the largest transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant development, physiological processes, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Despite the availability of recently published draft genome sequence of <i>Cucumis sativus</i>, no comprehensive investigation of these family members has been presented for cucumber. We have identified 64 bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes in the cucumber genome. Based on structural features of their encoded proteins, <i>CsbZIP</i> genes could be classified into 6 groups. Cucumber <i>bZIP</i> genes were expanded mainly by segmental duplication rather than tandem duplication. Although segmental duplication rate of the <i>CsbZIP</i> genes was lower than that of Arabidopsis, rice and sorghum, it was observed as a common expansion mechanism. Some orthologous relationships and chromosomal rearrangements were observed according to comparative mapping analysis with other species. Genome-wide expression analysis of <i>bZIP</i> genes indicated that 64 <i>CsbZIP</i> genes were differentially expressed in at least one of the ten sampled tissues. A total of 4 <i>CsbZIP</i> genes displayed higher expression values in leaf, flowers and root tissues. The <i>in silico</i> micro-RNA (miRNA) and target transcript analyses identified that a total of 21 <i>CsbZIP</i> genes were targeted by 38 plant miRNAs. <i>CsbZIP20</i> and <i>CsbZIP22</i> are the most targeted by miR165 and miR166 family members, respectively. We also analyzed the expression of ten <i>CsbZIP</i> genes in the root and leaf tissues of drought-stressed cucumber using quantitative RT-PCR. All of the selected <i>CsbZIP</i> genes were measured as increased in root tissue at 24th h upon PEG treatment. Contrarily, the down-regulation was observed in leaf tissues of all analyzed <i>CsbZIP</i> genes. <i>CsbZIP12</i> and <i>CsbZIP44</i> genes showed gradual induction of expression in root tissues during time points. This genome-wide identification and expression profiling provides new opportunities for cloning and functional analyses, which may be used in further studies for improving stress tolerance in plants.</p></div

PCA score plots of different tissues.

<p>The graph shows a clear separation between flower and other tissues.</p

In vitro shoot regeneration from preconditioned explants of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. Gökçe

WOS:000290093900007The present study reports the successful shoot regeneration of preconditioned mature embryo and embryonic axis explants of chickpea cv. Gokce. Explants were preconditioned with 10 mgl benzylaminopurine (BA) for 7 days followed by culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/l BA with or without 0.25 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) supplemented with 4 mg/l activated charcoal and 1 mg/l polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP). Shoot regeneration was recorded on all explants. Maximum number of (14.75) shoots per explants on mature embryo were recorded on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA with 0.25 mg/l NAA. Whereas, 16.83 shoots per explants were recorded on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA. Presence of NAA in the culture medium decreased the mean shoot length of both explants compared to medium devoid of 0.25 mg/l NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l indole-butyric acid (IBA) after 4 weeks of culture. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots for acclimatization under green house conditions

A summary of comparative mapping of cucumber <i>bZIP</i> genes on Arabidopsis, rice and poplar.

<p>A summary of comparative mapping of cucumber <i>bZIP</i> genes on Arabidopsis, rice and poplar.</p

Expression profiles of selected cucumber <i>bZIP</i> genes under drought stress.

<p>Relative expression levels of the genes upon 0, 3, 12, and 24(a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, r and t) and leaf (b, d, f, h, j, l, n, p, s and u) tissues are shown.</p