« Nouveaux métiers » et « nouvelles compétences » en bibliothèque ?

En juin 2014, le 60e congrès de l\u27ABF abordait la question des « nouveaux métiers » et des « nouvelles compétences » en germe dans nos bibliothèques aujourd\u27hui. Élèves-conservateurs à l\u27Enssib, nous avons cherché à prendre la mesure de cette évolution en étudiant les profils de poste proposés aux jeunes conservateurs des bibliothèques en sortie d\u27écol

Can organic arable and silvoarable micro-farms contribute to biodiversity conservation? A survey of wild bees community structure in the Brabant Wallon province (Belgium)

Agricultural intensification has led to the simplification and homogeneization of landscapes, threatening farm-land biodiversity and its associated ecosystem services in the process (Newbold et al. 2015; Potts et al. 2016).Several options have been put forward to mitigate these adverse impacts, including the agri-environmentalschemes (AES, particularly “sown wildflower strips”, see Geslin et al. 2017), the promotion of organic agri-culture and the increase of in-site plant diversity. The latter aspect is also expected to contribute to the sustainable intensification of production while reducing conventional agricultural inputs (pesticides, fertilizers,renting pollinators, etc.) and/or to optimize and stabilize ecosystem services in time and space (Lichtenberg etal. 2017).In this context, we examined the contribution of organic diversified micro-farms (defined here as productionsites of less than 2 hectares with high in-site plant diversity) to the conservation of wild bees in a networkof production farms located in the Brabant Wallon province of Belgium

Using ecological and field survey data to establish a national list of the wild bee pollinators of crops

The importance of wild bees for crop pollination is well established, but less is known about which species contribute to service delivery to inform agricultural management, monitoring and conservation. Using sites in Great Britain as a case study, we use a novel qualitative approach combining ecological information and field survey data to establish a national list of crop pollinating bees for four economically important crops (apple, field bean, oilseed rape and strawberry). A traits data base was used to establish potential pollinators, and combined with field data to identify both dominant crop flower visiting bee species and other species that could be important crop pollinators, but which are not presently sampled in large numbers on crops flowers. Whilst we found evidence that a small number of common, generalist species make a disproportionate contribution to flower visits, many more species were identified as potential pollinators, including rare and specialist species. Furthermore, we found evidence of substantial variation in the bee communities of different crops. Establishing a national list of crop pollinators is important for practitioners and policy makers, allowing targeted management approaches for improved ecosystem services, conservation and species monitoring. Data can be used to make recommendations about how pollinator diversity could be promoted in agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest agri-environment schemes need to support a higher diversity of species than at present, notably of solitary bees. Management would also benefit from targeting specific species to enhance crop pollination services to particular crops. Whilst our study is focused upon Great Britain, our methodology can easily be applied to other countries, crops and groups of pollinating insects.LH was funded by NERC QMEE CDT. EJB was funded by a BBSRC Ph.D. studentship under grant BB/F016581/1. LB was was supported by the Scholarship Program of the German Federal Environmental Foundation (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, DBU, AZ 20014/302). AJC was funded by the BBSRC and Syngenta UK as part of a case award Ph.D. (grant no. 1518739). AE was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 405940-115642). DG and A-MK were funded by grant PCIN2014-145-C02-02 (MinECo; EcoFruit project BiodivERsA-FACCE2014-74). MG was supported by Establishing a UK Pollinator Monitoring and Research Partnership (PMRP) a collaborative project funded by Defra, the Welsh and Scottish Governments, JNCC and project partners’. GAdG was funded via research projects BO-11-011.01-051 and BO-43-011.06-007, commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality. DK was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (BO-11-011.01-011). AK-H was funded by the NKFIH project (FK123813), the Bolyai János Fellowship of the MTA, the ÚNKP-19-4-SZIE-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology, and together with RF by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund OTKA 101940. MM was funded by Waitrose & Partners, Fruition PO, and the University of Worcester. MM was funded by grant INIA-RTA2013-00139-C03-01 (MinECo and FEDER). BBP and RFS were funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council as part of Wessex BESS (ref. NE/J014680/1). NJV was funded by the Walloon Region (Belgium) Direction générale opérationnelle de l’Agriculture, des Ressources naturelles et de l’Environnement (DGO3) for the "Modèle permaculturel" project on biodiversity in micro-farms, FNRS/FWO joint programme EOS — Excellence Of Science CliPS: Climate change and its impact on Pollination Services (project 30947854)". CW was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (Project number 405945293). BW was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under research programme NE/N018125/1 ASSIST – Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems www.assist.ceh.ac.uk. TB and TO are supported by BBSRC, NERC, ESRC and the Scottish Government under the Global Food Security Programme (Grant BB/R00580X/1)

The MYST-Containing Protein Chameau Is Required for Proper Sensory Organ Specification during Drosophila Thorax Morphogenesis

The adult thorax of Drosophila melanogaster is covered by a stereotyped pattern of mechanosensory bristles called macrochaetes. Here, we report that the MYST containing protein Chameau (Chm) contributes to the establishment of this pattern in the most dorsal part of the thorax. Chm mutant pupae present extra-dorsocentral (DC) and scutellar (SC) macrochaetes, but a normal number of the other macrochaetes. We provide evidences that chm restricts the singling out of sensory organ precursors from proneural clusters and genetically interacts with transcriptional regulators involved in the regulation of achaete and scute in the DC and SC proneural cluster. This function of chm likely relies on chromatin structure regulation since a protein with a mutation in the conserved catalytic site fails to rescue the formation of supernumerary DC and SC bristles in chm mutant flies. This is further supported by the finding that mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers and remodeling factors, including Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) members, dominantly modulate the penetrance of chm extra bristle phenotype. These data support a critical role for chromatin structure modulation in the establishment of the stereotyped sensory bristle pattern in the fly thorax

Performance of a Slurry Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor for the Treatment of Real Secondary Wastewater Effluent Polluted by Anticancer Drugs

The emergence of non-biodegradable and persistent compounds in European surface waters calls for the development of innovative advanced water treatments. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the performance of a slurry photocatalytic membrane reactor to treat secondary wastewater effluent polluted by anticancer drugs. Results show that the 100 kDa Al2O3 membrane effectively rejected TiO2 catalyst particles. Furthermore, stable water permeabilities and separation properties were observed during 150 h in secondary wastewater under optimized operating conditions. However, significant deterioration of photocatalytic degradation rates were obtained in real effluent when compared to laboratory grade water experiments. An innovative matrix filtration methodology developed in this study permitted to conclude that the negative effects of real effluent were principally imputed to ions present in the real matrix. This study concluded that the photocatalytic membrane reactor is a promising technology for advanced water treatment, but still requires the development of a catalyst to operate on real effluents

NMpi_E_suaveolens_dataset1

Dataset1 of Erythrophleum suaveolens for NMpi software

NMpi_E_suaveolens_dataset3

Dataset3 of Erythrophleum suaveolens for NMpi software

NMpi_E_suaveolens_dataset2

Dataset2 of Erythrophleum suaveolens for NMpi software