Submillimeter H2O masers in water-fountain nebulae

We report the first detection of submillimeter water maser emission toward water-fountain nebulae, which are post-AGB stars that exhibit high-velocity water masers. Using APEX we found emission in the ortho-H2O (10_29-9_36) transition at 321.226 GHz toward three sources: IRAS 15445-5449, IRAS 18043-2116 and IRAS 18286-0959. Similarly to the 22 GHz masers, the submillimeter water masers are expanding with a velocity larger than that of the OH masers, suggesting that these masers also originate in fast bipolar outflows. In IRAS 18043-2116 and IRAS 18286-0959, which figure among the sources with the fastest water masers, the velocity range of the 321 GHz masers coincides with that of the 22 GHz masers, indicating that they likely coexist. Towards IRAS 15445-5449 the submillimeter masers appear in a different velocity range, indicating that they are tracing different regions. The intensity of the submillimeter masers is comparable to that of the 22 GHz masers, implying that the kinetic temperature of the region where the masers originate should be Tk > 1000 K. We propose that the passage of two shocks through the same gas can create the conditions necessary to explain the presence of strong high-velocity 321 GHz masers coexisting with the 22 GHz masers in the same region.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in A&A Letter

Effect of a multi-citrus extract-based feed additive on the survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following challenge with Lactococcus garvieae

Growing global concerns about antibiotic resistance have generated a considerable interest in the search for alternative environmental-friendly approaches. This study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of a multi-citrus extract-based feed additive (Biocitro®) against some fish pathogens, as well as evaluate its capacity to protect rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to lactococcosis. A broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Biocitro®, and the results showed a strong antibacterial activity against Aeromonas salmonicida, Lactococcus garvieae and Yersinia ruckeri with MIC values of 2.0 µg/mL. Afterwards, rainbow trout juveniles were fed a Biocitro®-enriched diet (750 mg/kg feed) at a daily rate of 1.5% body weight for 4 weeks, then they were challenged with L. garvieae by the cohabitation method. At the end of the experimental period, fish treated with Biocitro® showed significantly (P¿<¿0.001) improved protection against L. garvieae compared to control fish. Although further studies are needed to understand how Biocitro® increases rainbow trout resistance to L. garvieae, this feed additive could be considered as a useful alternative to chemotherapeutic treatment in aquaculture

Molecular gas at supernova local environments unveiled by EDGE

CO observations allow estimations of the gas content of molecular clouds, which trace the reservoir of cold gas fuelling star formation, as well as to determine extinction via H$_2$ column density, N(H$_2$). Here, we studied millimetric and optical properties at 26 supernovae (SNe) locations of different types in a sample of 23 nearby galaxies by combining molecular $^{12}$C$^{16}$O (J = 1 $\rightarrow$ 0) resolved maps from the EDGE survey and optical Integral Field Spectroscopy from the CALIFA survey. We found an even clearer separation between type II and type Ibc SNe in terms of molecular gas than what we found in the optical using H$\alpha$ emission as a proxy for current SF rate, which reinforces the fact that SNe Ibc are more associated with SF-environments. While A$_V$ at SN locations is similar for SNe II and SNe Ibc, and higher compared to SNe Ia, N(H$_2$) is significantly higher for SNe Ibc than for SNe II and SNe Ia. When compared to alternative extinction estimations directly from SN photometry and spectroscopy, we find that our SNe Ibc have also redder color excess but showed standard Na I D absorption pseudo-equivalent widths ($\sim$1 \AA). In some cases we find no extinction when estimated from the environment, but high amounts of extinction when measured from SN observations, which suggests that circumstellar material or dust sublimation may be playing a role. This work serves as a benchmark for future studies combining last generation millimeter and optical IFS instruments to reveal the local environmental properties of extragalactic SNe.Comment: MNRAS accepted, 17 pages, 8 Figures, 4 Table

Present and future of the OTELO project

OTELO is an emission-line object survey carried out with the red tunable filter of the instrument OSIRIS at the GTC, whose aim is to become the deepest emission-line object survey to date. With 100% of the data of the first pointing finally obtained in June 2014, we present here some aspects of the processing of the data and the very first results of the OTELO survey. We also explain the next steps to be followed in the near future.Comment: Oral contribution presented in the XI Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society held on September 8-12, in Teruel, Spain (7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table). To appear in Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VIII, Proceedings of the XI Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society. Eds. A. J. Cenarro, F. Figueras, C. Hern\'andez-Monteagudo, J. Trujillo, L. Valdiviels

Census of HII regions in NGC 6754 derived with MUSE: Constraints on the metal mixing scale

We present a study of the HII regions in the galaxy NGC 6754 from a two pointing mosaic comprising 197,637 individual spectra, using Integral Field Spectrocopy (IFS) recently acquired with the MUSE instrument during its Science Verification program. The data cover the entire galaxy out to ~2 effective radii (re ), sampling its morphological structures with unprecedented spatial resolution for a wide-field IFU. A complete census of the H ii regions limited by the atmospheric seeing conditions was derived, comprising 396 individual ionized sources. This is one of the largest and most complete catalogue of H ii regions with spectroscopic information in a single galaxy. We use this catalogue to derive the radial abundance gradient in this SBb galaxy, finding a negative gradient with a slope consistent with the characteristic value for disk galaxies recently reported. The large number of H ii regions allow us to estimate the typical mixing scale-length (rmix ~0.4 re ), which sets strong constraints on the proposed mechanisms for metal mixing in disk galaxies, like radial movements associated with bars and spiral arms, when comparing with simulations. We found evidence for an azimuthal variation of the oxygen abundance, that may be related with the radial migration. These results illustrate the unique capabilities of MUSE for the study of the enrichment mechanisms in Local Universe galaxies.Comment: 13 pages, 7 Figurs, accepted for publishing in A&

Factorization of strongly (p,sigma)-continuous multilinear operators

We introduce the new ideal of strongly-continuous linear operators in order to study the adjoints of the -absolutely continuous linear operators. Starting from this ideal we build a new multi-ideal by using the composition method. We prove the corresponding Pietsch domination theorem and we present a representation of this multi-ideal by a tensor norm. A factorization theorem characterizing the corresponding multi-ideal - which is also new for the linear case - is given. When applied to the case of the Cohen strongly -summing operators, this result gives also a new factorization theorem.D. Achour acknowledges with thanks the support of the Ministere de l'Enseignament Superieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Algeria) under project PNR 8-U28-181. E. Dahia acknowledges with thanks the support of the Ministere de l'Enseignament Superieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Algeria) [grant number 10/PG-FMI/2013] and the Universite de M'Sila (2013) for short term stage. P. Rueda acknowledges with thanks the support of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) MTM2011-22417. E. A. Sanchez Perez acknowledges with thanks the support of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) under project MTM2012-36740-C02-02.Achour, D.; Dahia, E.; Rueda, P.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2014). Factorization of strongly (p,sigma)-continuous multilinear operators. Linear and Multilinear Algebra. 62(12):1649-1670. doi:10.1080/03081087.2013.839677S164916706212Matter, U. (1987). Absolutely Continuous Operators and Super-Reflexivity. Mathematische Nachrichten, 130(1), 193-216. doi:10.1002/mana.19871300118Diestel, J., Jarchow, H., & Tonge, A. (1995). Absolutely Summing Operators. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511526138Pietsch, A. (1967). Absolut p-summierende Abbildungen in normierten Räumen. Studia Mathematica, 28(3), 333-353. doi:10.4064/sm-28-3-333-353Achour, D., & Mezrag, L. (2007). On the Cohen strongly p-summing multilinear operators. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 327(1), 550-563. doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.04.065Apiola, H. (1976). Duality between spaces ofp-summable sequences, (p, q)-summing operators and characterizations of nuclearity. Mathematische Annalen, 219(1), 53-64. doi:10.1007/bf01360858Sánchez PérezEA. Ideales de operadores absolutamente continuos y normas tensoriales asociadas [PhD Thesis]. Spain: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; 1997.López Molina, J. A., & Sánchez Pérez, E. A. (2000). On operator ideals related to (p,σ)-absolutely continuous operators. Studia Mathematica, 138(1), 25-40. doi:10.4064/sm-138-1-25-40Cohen, J. S. (1973). Absolutelyp-summing,p-nuclear operators and their conjugates. Mathematische Annalen, 201(3), 177-200. doi:10.1007/bf01427941Mezrag, L., & Saadi, K. (2012). Inclusion and coincidence properties for Cohen strongly summing multilinear operators. Collectanea Mathematica, 64(3), 395-408. doi:10.1007/s13348-012-0071-2Achour, D., & Alouani, A. (2010). On multilinear generalizations of the concept of nuclear operators. Colloquium Mathematicum, 120(1), 85-102. doi:10.4064/cm120-1-7Mujica, X. (2008). τ(p;q)-summing mappings and the domination theorem. Portugaliae Mathematica, 211-226. doi:10.4171/pm/1806Campos, J. R. (2013). Cohen and multiple Cohen strongly summing multilinear operators. Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 62(3), 322-346. doi:10.1080/03081087.2013.779270Bu, Q., & Shi, Z. (2013). On Cohen almost summing multilinear operators. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 401(1), 174-181. doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2012.12.005Ryan, R. A. (2002). Introduction to Tensor Products of Banach Spaces. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3903-4Achour, D., & Belaib, M. T. (2011). Tensor norms related to the space of Cohen $p$-nuclear‎ ‎multilinear mappings. Annals of Functional Analysis, 2(1), 128-138. doi:10.15352/afa/1399900268Achour, D. (2011). Multilinear extensions of absolutely (p;q;r)-summing operators. Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo, 60(3), 337-350. doi:10.1007/s12215-011-0054-2Dahia, E., Achour, D., & Sánchez Pérez, E. A. (2013). Absolutely continuous multilinear operators. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 397(1), 205-224. doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2012.07.034Botelho, G., Pellegrino, D., & Rueda, P. (2007). On Composition Ideals of Multilinear Mappings and Homogeneous Polynomials. Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 43(4), 1139-1155. doi:10.2977/prims/1201012383Pellegrino, D., Santos, J., & Seoane-Sepúlveda, J. B. (2012). Some techniques on nonlinear analysis and applications. Advances in Mathematics, 229(2), 1235-1265. doi:10.1016/j.aim.2011.09.014Ramanujan, M. S., & Schock, E. (1985). Operator ideals and spaces of bilinear operators. Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 18(4), 307-318. doi:10.1080/03081088508817695Floret, K., & Hunfeld, S. (2002). Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 130(05), 1425-1436. doi:10.1090/s0002-9939-01-06228-