State detection using coherent Raman repumping and two-color Raman transfers

We demonstrate state detection based on coherent Raman repumping and a two-color Raman state transfer. The Raman coupling during detection selectively eliminates unwanted dark states in the fluorescence cycle without compromising the immunity of the desired dark state to off-resonant scattering. We demonstrate this technique using $^{137}\mathrm{Ba}^+$ where a combination of Raman coupling and optical pumping leaves the $D_{3/2}$ $\ket{F"=3,m_F"=3}$ metastable state optically dark and immune to off-resonant scattering. All other states are strongly coupled to the upper $P_{1/2}$ levels. We achieve a single shot state-detection efficiency of $89.6(3)$ in a $1\mathrm{ms}$ integration time, limited almost entirely by technical imperfections. Shelving to the $\ket{F"=3,m_F"=3}$ state before detection is performed via a two-color Raman transfer with a fidelity of $1.00(3)$

Mechanism of paraquat resistance in crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. moore during immature stage

The mechanism of paraquat resistance in Crassocephalum crepidioides at the six-leaf stage was investigated. The extractable paraquat was not metabolized fly the leaf tissue in the resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes. Therefore, differential metabolism does not appear to play a role in the mechanism of resistance. The S biotype absorbed 44% more 14Gparaquat than the R biotype. However, more than 98% of the absorbed 14G paraquat remained on the treated leaf of both biotypes. The difference in absorption had a negative correlation with the amount of epicuticular wax as well as the cuticle of leaf surfaces in both biotypes. The results of this study suggest that differential absorption may be a factor that accounts for resistance to paraquat at the six-leaf stage

The contribution of perceived firm marketing innovation initiatives to customer perceived value and loyalty: does switching experience really matter?

In recent years, perceived firm marketing innovation initiatives (PFMII) are increasingly considered as an important means to ensure customers' continued loyalty. Although customer perceived value is believed to be a potential mediator between PFMII and customer loyalty, much of the evidence to date remains anecdotal or speculative. Furthermore, there is a dearth of knowledge about how the effect of PFMII on customer value differs between switchers and non-switchers. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose a conceptual framework linking PFMII to customer perceived value and loyalty, and develop hypotheses about the moderating role of switching experience in some of these linkages. Data were collected from Generation Y(18–34 years old) who subscribed to post-paid mobile internet plans. The results showed that both functional and monetary values mediated the relationship between PFMII and customer loyalty. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of PFMII on functional and monetary values between switchers and non-switchers. This research contributes to theory and practice by clarifying linkages between PFMII and customer loyalty by investigating the often widely neglected role of customer perceived value. In addition, this study successfully extended Sweeney and Soutar (2001) PERVAL model by incorporating PFMII as the key driver of customer perceived value

Red Emission Of Thin Film Electroluminescent Device Based On p-GaN.

High quality GaN layers doped with Mg were grown on Si(111) substrates using high temperature AlN as buffer layer by using radio-frequency molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE)

Optical Characterization Of GaN Thin Film Grown On Si(111) By Radio-Frequency Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy.

The wide band gap gallium nitride (GaN) based semiconductor system has great potential for applications in high-power, high-frequency, and hightemperature optoelectronic devices due to its superior properties, such as large breakdown field, high electron mobility, and thermal stability at elevated temperature

Trans-boundary variations of urban drought vulnerability and its impact on water resource management in Singapore and Johor, Malaysia

Low-latitude areas generally experience relatively large precipitation totals, but droughts/dry spells do occur periodically and are potentially hazardous in these regions - especially within rapidly developing urban settlements. These areas typically have high water demand and therefore may potentially be subjected to water scarcity. Effective local water resource management lowering risks and vulnerabilities to drought is thus paramount, and these policies may be affected in regions with national borders sharing a common transboundary water resource. In this study, we (a) quantify and identify drought episodes using the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the neighbouring equatorial regions of Singapore and Johor, Malaysia, and (b) qualitatively examine each region's drought impacts and consequent responses through archival research over the past fifty years. The data indicate that both frequencies and intensities of drought episodes in both Singapore and Johor have increased over time, suggesting greater exposure to this hazard. However, there are distinct variations in drought impacts in Singapore and Johor, and how each region addresses water resource management to drought with varying degrees of success. Despite the close geographical proximity, significant variations in regional adaptive capacities suggest that different drought vulnerabilities exist. We discuss the efficacy of drought responses over different time scales, and suggest that a combination of demand- and supply-side policies, especially in the long-term, should be considered to reduce vulnerability to this hazard.Published versio

Contextual Localization Through Network Traffic Analysis

opportunitiesforcontentserviceproviderstooptimizethecontent delivery based on user’s location. Since sharing precise location remainsamajorprivacyconcernamongtheusers,manylocationbased services rely on contextual location (e.g. residence, cafe etc.) as opposed to acquiring user’s exact physical location. In this paper, we present PACL (Privacy-Aware Contextual Localizer), which can learn user’s contextual location just by passively monitoring user’s network traffic. PACL can discern a set of vital attributes (statistical and application-based) from user’s network traffic, and predict user’s contextual location with a very high accuracy.WedesignandevaluatePACLusingreal-worldnetwork traces of over 1700 users with over 100 gigabytes of total data. OurresultsshowthatPACL(builtusingdecisiontree)canpredict user’s contextual location with the accuracy of around 87%. I

Enabling Self-healing Smart Grid Through Jamming Resilient Local Controller Switching

A key component of a smart grid is its ability to collect useful information from a power grid for enabling control centers to estimate the current states of the power grid. Such information can be delivered to the control centers via wireless or wired networks. It is envisioned that wireless technology will be widely used for local-area communication subsystems in the smart grid (e.g., in distribution networks). However, various attacks with serious impact can be launched in wireless networks such as channel jamming attacks and denial-of-service attacks. In particular, jamming attacks can cause significant damages to power grids, e.g., delayed delivery of time-critical messages can prevent control centers from properly controlling the outputs of generators to match load demands. In this paper, a communication subsystem with enhanced self-healing capability in the presence of jamming is designed via intelligent local controller switching while integrating a retransmission mechanism. The proposed framework allows sufficient readings from smart meters to be continuously collected by various local controllers to estimate the states of a power grid under various attack scenarios. The jamming probability is also analyzed considering the impact of jammer power and shadowing effects. In addition, guidelines on optimal placement of local controllers to ensure effective switching of smart meters under jamming are provided. Via theoretical, experimental and simulation studies, it is demonstrated that our proposed system is effective in maintaining communications between smart meters and local controllers even when multiple jammers are present in the network