Antioxidant stone water (human/friendly environment) thermal (thermogravimetric-TGA) combustion properties in biohazard (insect/fungus) wood

In this study, four different wood species walnut (Juglans regia L.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), Poplar (Populus nigra), scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were chosen and test samples were prepared according to TS 2470 principles. Especially the pine wood by taking the structure (with fungus, fungus/insect, insect), flawless wood structure is compared with the flawed wood structure. The impregnation process was carried out according to ASTM D 1413 -76 principles. Effects of the chemical characteristics of the determined Stone Water (Firetex) on the thermal decomposition properties of wood (burning degrees, degradation temperature points and residue amount) were determined with TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). According to the results of the experiment; the highest retention value was found in poplar (23.56%) and the lowest retention (12.79%) in chestnut was determined. Amount of residue; 60.84% of the highest on scotch pine wood with fungus and 56.70% of the lowest value was determined on poplar wood. Thermal deterioration was determined between 226.41-405.04 o C on wood

Çevre dostu borlu bileşiklerin mobilya endüstrisinde kullanım olanakları

This study was performed to determine the effects of impregnation with boron compounds and water repellents on the dimensional stability of wood. For this purpose, the test specimens prepared from scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood which met the requirements of TS 345 and TS 1476 standards procedures were single, double or multi treated according to ASTM D 1413-76 standard procedure with some boron compounds such as boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx), some water repellent materials (WRM) such as styrene, methyl methacryrilate, izocyonate, polyethyleneglychol-400 (PEG-400), and some commercial impregnation materials such as Tanalith-CBC (T-CBC), ammonium sulfate (AS), diamonium phosphate (DAP), and vacsol. As a result, secondary treatment with WRM decreases amount of leached material. Water absorption ratio of wood was lowest in the treatment only with WRM, boron compounds and in secondary treatment of PEG-400 with WRM. Order of convenience for dimensional stability was like WRM>(Ba+Bx)+WRM>PEG-400+WRM>commercial impregnation materials. Order of convenience for volumetric shrinkage efficiency was like (Ba+Bx)+WRM>PEG-400+WRM>AS, DAP, T-CBC. WRM was found more successful in leaching prevention when used as a secondary treatment after PEG- 400. So, the wood which will be used in open air and high relative humidity conditions, secondary impregnation with WRM is recommended.Bu çalışmada, odun koruma ve çalışmayı azaltma amacıyla kullanılan bazı kimyasal maddelerin emprenye maddesi yıkanması ve hacimsel stabiliteye etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu maksatla, sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odunundan TS 345 ve TS 1476’ya göre hazırlanan örnekler, ASTM D 1413-76 esaslarına göre; Borik asit (Ba), Boraks (Bx), Polietilenglikol 400 (PEG-400) ve bazı borlu bileşiklerden; Ba+Bx, Ba+Bx+St, Ba+Bx+MMA, Ba+Bx+St+MMA, su itici maddelerden (SİM); Stiren (St), Metilmetakrilat (MMA), İzosiyanat (ISO), ticari emprenye maddelerinden; Tanalith-CBC (T-CBC), Amonyum sülfat (AS), Diamonyum fosfat (DAP) ve Vacsol (V) ile tekli, ikili veya çoklu işlemler halinde emprenye edildikten sonra AWPA N-10 ve ASTM D 1413-76 esaslarına uyularak 6, 24, 48 ve 72 saat süreyle yıkanma etkisinde bırakılmıştır. Yıkanma etkisi sonucu boyutsal çalışma ve emprenye maddesi yıkanma miktarlarına göre; yıkanma süresi arttıkça yıkanan madde miktarı azalmıştır. Borlu bileşikler ve bunların ikincil SİM işlemli uygulamaları yıkanan madde miktarını azaltmıştır. Su alma oranları zamana bağlı olarak artmakta, en az su alma oranı SİM’lerin tek başına kullanımında ve Borlu bileşikler ile PEG-400’ün SİM’ler ile ikincil işlemli emprenyesinde elde edilmiştir. Odunda stabilite sağlamada uygunluk sırası; SİM>Ba+Bx+SİM>PEG– 400+SİM>Ticari emprenye maddeleri şeklinde olmuştur. Hacimsel daralmayı azaltıcı etkenlik bakımından uygunluk sırası; (Ba+Bx)+SİM>PEG–400+SİM>AS, DAP, T-CBC şeklindedir. Su itici etkenlik değeri bakımından, PEG-400’ün SİM’li uygulamaları başarılı bulunmuştur. SİM’lerin yıkanmayı engelleme etkenliğinin PEG-400’lü gruplarla emprenyede daha başarılı olduğu söylenebilir. Buna göre; açık hava yada yüksek nem şartlarında kullanılacak ve su etkisi ile odundan yıkanarak uzaklaşabilecek suda çözünen borlu bileşikler ile emprenye edilmiş sarıçam odununda emprenye maddesi yıkanmasını engellemek, su alma oranını azaltmak, su ititci etkenliği arttırmak ve boyutsal stabiliteyi düzenlemek maksadıyla SİM’lerle ikincil emprenye uygulamaları önerilebili

Ecological structure: production of organic impregnation material from mussel shell and combustion

In the research, sea mussel shell (Chamelea gallina) powders were impregnated on the samples of Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) and Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by dipping method at different concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%). To investigate the level of use in the wood industry and especially its effects against fire; adhesion, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) test measurements were carried out. According to the TGA results, while the residue quantity in the spruce wood sample was the highest at 5%, the residue amount in the chestnut wood sample was the highest at 15%. With increasing amounts of mussel shell powder, the limiting oxygen index values in both wood species samples increased. As a result, it was discovered that impregnating wood samples with mussel shell powder improved the wood's fire resistance

Bell's Palsy as a Possible Complication of Hepatitis B Vaccination in A Child

Bell's Palsy is the sudden onset of unilateral temporary paralysis of facial muscles resulting from seventh cranial nerve dysfunction. Presented here is a two-year old female patient with right peripheral facial palsy following hepatitis B vaccination. Readers’ attention is drawn to an uncommon cause of Bell's Palsy, as a rare complication of hepatitis B vaccination

Routing and scheduling approaches for energy-efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks

Ankara : The Department of Computer Engineering and the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2011.Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Bilkent University, 2011.Includes bibliographical references leaves 99-108.A wireless sensor network consists of nodes which are capable of sensing an environment and wirelessly communicating with each other to gather the sensed data to a central location. Besides the advantages for many applications, having very limited irreplaceable energy resources is an important shortcoming of the wireless sensor networks. In this thesis, we present effective routing and node scheduling solutions to improve network lifetime in wireless sensor networks for data gathering applications. Towards this goal, we first investigate the network lifetime problem by developing a theoretical model which assumes perfect data aggregation and power-control capability for the nodes; and we derive an upper-bound on the functional lifetime of a sensor network. Then we propose a routing protocol to improve network lifetime close to this upper-bound on some certain conditions. Our proposed routing protocol, called L-PEDAP, is based on constructing localized, self-organizing, robust and power-aware data aggregation trees. We also propose a node scheduling protocol that can work with our routing protocol together to improve network lifetime further. Our node scheduling protocol, called PENS, keeps an optimal number of nodes active to achieve minimum energy consumption in a round, and puts the remaining nodes into sleep mode for a while. Under some conditions, the optimum number can be greater than the minimum number of nodes required to cover an area. We also derive the conditions under which keeping more nodes alive can be more energy efficient. The extensive simulation experiments we performed to evaluate our PEDAP and PENS protocols show that they can be effective methods to improve wireless sensor network lifetime for data gathering applications where nodes have power-control capability and where perfect data aggregation can be used.Tan, Hüseyin ÖzgürPh.D

Effects of some boron compounds on the leachabılıty of eucalyptus (eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn.) wood

Bu çalışma, odun koruma amaçlı birçok emprenye maddesinin bileşiminde yer alan borik asit, boraks ve sodyum perborat’ın preparatlar halinde emprenyeler sonrasında odundan yıkanma özelliklerinin tesbiti ; bor’un odundan yıkanarak kısa sürede etkinliğini kaybetmesi gibi dış mekanda kullanımını sınırlayıcı sakıncaların giderilmesinde fiziksel bir engel oluşturmak için (SİM)in kullanılma imkanları araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, PEG-400’de çözündürülen bor tuzlarının sulu çözeltilerle yapılan emprenyelere oranla daha fazla yıkandığını ve SİM’in PEG’li tuzların yıkanmasını engelleyemezken, sulu çözeltiler halinde yapılan borlu tuz emprenyesi sonrasında ikinci bir işlem olarak uygulanması halinde yıkanmayı önemli ölçüde engellediğini göstermiştir. Ancak yıkanma süresi arttıkça, SİM’in yıkanmayı engelleme etkisinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir (P?0.05)Wood preservation effectiveness of boron compounds against biological damagers and fire is well known. But these compounds are not widely used in preservation of wood because of their leachability from wood by rain water and making wood more hyroscopic than untreated wood in damp environments. Main aim of this study is; therefore, to improve the undesired leachability properties of some boron compounds by various water repellents (WRs). Aqueous solutions with polyethyleneglycole (PEG)-400 of boric acid and sodium perborate were chosen as boron compounds. WRs were used as secondary treatment chemicals which were considered as dimensional stabilizer of wood and phsical bariers of boron retained at innerparts of treated wood. Results indicated that WRs were reduced leachability of boron from wood significantly (P<0.05). Boron salts applied with. PEG were more leachable than were of equeous solutions. WRs were not found effective on reducing the leachability of boron solved in PEG. Longer leaching time caused more leachant and reduction the phsical alleviation of WRs on boron leachin

Recurrent and Massive Life Threatening Epistaxis due to Nasal Heroin Usage

Epistaxis, active bleeding from the nose, is a common ear nose and throat emergency, and can be severe or even fatal. We report a severe life threatening recurrent massive nasal bleeding caused by intranasal heroin use that has not hitherto been reported in the English literature. A 24-year-old male who took heroin several times nasally presented with massive nasal bleeding. A blood transfusion and an operation to halt nasal bleeding were required. The patient did not experience a bleeding attack 2 months following cessation of nasal heroin use

Risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: an international matched case-control-control study (EURECA)

Cases were patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intraabdominal (cIAI), pneumonia or bacteraemia from other sources (BSI-OS) due to CRE; control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE), and by non-infected patients, respectively. Matching criteria included type of infection for CSE group, ward and duration of hospital admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Findings Overall, 235 CRE case patients, 235 CSE controls and 705 non-infected controls were included. The CRE infections were cUTI (133, 56.7%), pneumonia (44, 18.7%), cIAI and BSI-OS (29, 12.3% each). Carbapenemase genes were found in 228 isolates: OXA-48/like, 112 (47.6%), KPC, 84 (35.7%), and metallo-beta-lactamases, 44 (18.7%); 13 produced two. The risk factors for CRE infection in both type of controls were (adjusted OR for CSE controls; 95% CI; p value) previous colonisation/infection by CRE (6.94; 2.74-15.53; <0.001), urinary catheter (1.78; 1.03-3.07; 0.038) and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, as categorical (2.20; 1.25-3.88; 0.006) and time-dependent (1.04 per day; 1.00-1.07; 0.014); chronic renal failure (2.81; 1.40-5.64; 0.004) and admission from home (0.44; 0.23-0.85; 0.014) were significant only for CSE controls. Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Interpretation The main risk factors for CRE infections in hospitals with high incidence included previous coloni-zation, urinary catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years