Post-literate Poetics : [recenzja]

http://fp.amu.edu.pl/post-literate-poetics/In his latest collection of essays Po piśmie [After writing], Jacek Dukaj conceives of human history as an evolution of forms in which man manifests experiences; its final stage is the direct transfer of experiences. The second most important question is the subjectification of the tool. I review earlier realizations of this concept in Dukaj’s writings and compare his observations with other contemporary narratives which address the history and future of homo sapiens (mainly by Yuval Noah Harari)

The International and Domestic Determinants of Insider Trading Laws

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147054/1/j.1468-2478.2010.00604.x.pd

Extending Trade Law Precedent

Precedent is celebrated as a fundamental feature of dense legal systems as it creates predictability, builds coherence, and enhances the authority of courts and tribunals. But, in international adjudication, precedent can also affect interstate cooperation and ultimately the legitimacy of international organizations. Wary of clashing with state interests, most international dispute settlement systems are designed so that rulings do not set obligatory precedent. This Article describes the role of precedent in the Appellate Body (AB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to explain how precedent can affect compliance with the decisions of international courts and tribunals (ICs). This Article makes two main contributions. First, it shows that there can be precedent without a formal stare decisis rule. In theory the AB has a rule against binding precedent. Based on empirical evidence, however, this Article shows that the AB has in fact a strong norm of relying on prior decisions. Second, it shows that over time, the widening of legal commitments can result from extending precedent to new situations and this has an impact on the ability or willingness of states to comply. These findings have implications for the WTO and beyond. For the WTO, efforts to better define the value of precedent are unlikely to resolve the general mistrust of the AB and, therefore, this Article proposes other solutions to control the drift resulting from precedent. Beyond the WTO, international scholars should account for the intertemporal dimension of legal commitments in analyzing and explaining compliance with international law

The Costs of Domestic Political Unrest

Does domestic political unrest deter foreign direct investment (FDI)? And what are the longer term impacts of unrest upon the market? Most theories suggest that investors are deterred by unrest. However, empirical research returns only marginal support. We argue that these mixed results stem from the conflation of the distinct tactics and outcomes of political unrest. Violent forms of unrest increase uncertainty and risk. By comparison, nonviolent forms of unrest are shown to more frequently achieve their goals and increase the prospects for democratic change and market stability. In addition, investors avoid markets where campaigns have ended in failure, defined as the campaign not achieving their stated political aims. Failed campaigns often precipitate a cycle of unrest that create greater uncertainty over the long-term stability of a state. We find strong evidence in favor of our propositions, even after taking political motivation and non-random selection into account. © 2013 International Studies Association

"Mało kto z nas wszystkich jeszcze żyjących daje mi to poczucie ciągłości polskiej [...] literatury XX wieku" : listy Teodora Parnickiego do Aleksandra Wata

The collection of ten letters written by Teodor Parnicki to Aleksander Wat between 1942 and 1961 is included here. The first two letters concern the article of the author of Bezrobotny Lucyfer in “Polska”, a weekly published in Kujbyszew, the editor of which was Parnicki. The remaining letters were sent by the author of Tylko Beatrycze from Mexico to Italy, and concerned the issue of publishing the novel Srebrne orły in Silva Editore, which eventually did not happen

O jednej dacie, której w archiwum zabrakło

The article focuses on a particular episode in Teodor Parnicki’s biography in an attempt to establish the date of the writer’s Catholic baptism. Despite a large number of various texts on the topic (in the form of interviews, private letters, fragments of novels), this date remains unknown. The writer was obsessed with ascertaining dates, but he did not reveal this one. The article therefore becomes a description of Parnicki’s autobiographical and literary strategy. Like the protagonists of his novel, Parnicki used the strategy of “subtracting from the truth”, which itself is very interesting