Identifikasi Dan Alokasi Risiko-risiko Pada Proyek Superblok Di Surabaya

Setiap proyek konstruksi selalu dihadapkan pada kemungkinan terjadinya berbagai macam risiko. Semakin tinggi tingkat kompleksitas suatu proyek maka semakin besar tingkat risiko yang mungkin terjadi pada proyek tersebut. Proyek Superblok merupakan salah satu proyek dengan tingkat kompleksitas yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko-risiko yang mungkin muncul dalam proyek superblok di Surabaya dan bagaimana mengalokasikannya. Penelitian tentang identifikasi dan alokasi risiko-risiko pada proyek superblok ini dilakukan di wilayah Surabaya dengan cara semi-studi kasus dimana dilakukan observasi langsung ke lapangan, wawancara, dan penyebaran kuisioner yang ditujukan kepada kontraktor dan pihak owner yang terlibat secara langsung dalam proyek superblok ini. selanjutnya semua kuisioner yang berhasil terkumpul dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analisis T-Test dan analisis mean. Semua data yang diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara, dan kuisioner akan digunakan untuk mencari kesimpulan tentang frekuensi terjadinya suatu risiko dan pengalokasiaannya. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa faktor penyebab risiko yang paling sering terjadi dalam proyek superblok adalah : risiko disain, risiko alam, dan risiko konstruksi. Didapat juga adanya perbedaan pendapat antara pihak kontraktor dan pihak owner khususnya pengalokasian faktor alam, faktor disain, dan faktor finansial

Peluang USAha Ekowisata Di Kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu, Jawa Timur

Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu sudah menjadi salah satu daerah tujuan wisata alam popular yang banyak dikunjungi orang di Kabupaten Malang. Adanya kegiatan ekowisata di Pulau Sempu menimbulkan permasalahan pengelolaan terkait dengan status kawasan sebagai Cagar Alam. Kawasan Cagar Alam tidak ditujukan untuk kegiatan wisata, melainkan hanya untuk pendidikan, penelitian dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, tetapi Kenyataan yang dihadapi sekarang, kunjungan wisatawan ke Pulau Sempu semakin meningkat dan sudah sangat sulit dihentikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Menganalisis potensi obyek daya tarik wisata alam; 2) Mengevaluasi dampak ekowisata terhadap kawasan; 3) Merumuskan strategi kebijakan pengelolaan kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi tujuan ekowisata dengan daya tarik obyek wisata alam berupa danau “ ”, keanekaragaman flora, fauna dan ekosistemnya. Adanya dampak negatif dari wisata alam terhadap kawasan, diperlukan pengelolaan dan perencanaan yang sesuai untuk meminimalisir dampak yang ditimbulkan. Strategi pengelolaan yang sesuai adalah a) Melakukan evaluasi fungsi kawasan dan membagi blok pengelolaan untuk meminimalkan dampak pengunjung; b) Perubahan status sebagai kawasan Cagar Alam menjadi Taman Wisata Alam; c) Melakukan kolaborasi pengelolaan kawasan dengan masyarakat

Kajian Potensi Dan Daya Dukung Taman Wisata Alam Bukit Kelam Untuk Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata

It is believed that ecotourism can increase community welfare and natural resource sustainability. Ecoutourism development in Bukit Kelam natural tourism park (TWABK) need to be based on the function and carrying capacity of the area, so that it must be discovered the object potential and tourism attraction. The study aimed to: (1) identify and analyze the object potential and natural tourism attraction in TWABK; (2) analyze carrying capacity of TWABK for ecotourism development, (3) identify and analyze the stakeholders of TWABK; and (4) formulate the strategies of ecotourism development in TWABK. Analysis guide of ADO-ODTWA Dirjen PHKA 2003 is used to analyze the object potential and natural tourism attraction. The criteria of Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC) and Efective Carrying Capacity (ECC) is used to analyze the carrying capacity of TWABK. Stakeholder Grid is used to analyze the stakeholders and the ecotourism development strategies of TWABK which formulated by using SWOT analysis. Some objects in TWABK are feasible for ecotourism development, which are: bukit Kelam landscape, Kelam ring road, climbing transect, the hill peak, the foothills area, the hillside, spiritual tourism of Maria cave and agro tourism. The ECC of TWABK area for ecoutourism is 196 persons/day, with slope correction factor, soil erosion sensitivity, landsape potential, climate and wildlife disturbance (swallow birds spawn season). The stakeholders of TWABK is divided into four categories, which are: the key players (the ministry of forestry, the ministry of tourism and creative economy, the agency of cultural and tourism of Sintang district, the agency of forestry and plantation of Sintang district and the community),the context setters (the NGOs), the crowd (private sectors) and the subjects (visitors, academics, and refill drinking water company). The ecotourism development strategy formulation of TWABK results 9 strategies, which are: area stabilization, management plan formulation, ecotourism development according to the potency and carrying capacity of the area, publication and promotion, protection of the area, management collaboration, environmental education and counseling, community development,and ecotourism impacts monitoring and evaluation

Kajian Konsep Taman Islam Berdasarkan Al Quran dan Hadits

Islam concept is comprehensive (syumuliyyah), including planning and designing a garden. Nowdays, there are various studies regarding Islamic garden. However, in general, the studies do not refer to the Islamic law. This study compares the concept of Islamic garden that emerge in Islamic glory period and the basic concept of Islamic law. The data collection method is study literature from two major literatures in Islam (Quran and hadith), and other literatures (books, journals, and research reports). The result analysis shows concept of Islamic garden does not refer to the primary sources of Islamic law, and it is more restrictive. It is emphasized that basically the planning and designing concept of Islamic garden could be free. It should be suitable with the location and the needs of garden users

Program Death Ligan-1 (PD-L1) Expression in Invasif Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type

Breast carcinoma is the most frequently cancer in women (24%) and the main cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Based on data from globocan 2018 shows the incidence of breast cancer is around 2.08 million (11.6%) which is the second rank of all cancers after lung cancer with a mortality rate of 626.6 thousand (6.6%). However, prognosis of the breast carcinoma is influenced by several factors, including tumor histology grade and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs). PD-L1 expression has been investigated as a potential biomarker and immune checkpoint to assess the response of various types of cancer. This study aims to determine PD-L1 expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type (IBC-NST) grades 1,2 and 3. This study used a sample of 80 cases of paraffin block for IBC-NST patients from 2017 to 2020. There were 17 samples (21.3%) with grade 1, 32 samples (40%) with grade 2, and 31 samples (38.8%) with grade 3. The number of samples with positive PD-L1 expression were 63 samples, and 17 samples of negative PDL-1 expression were obtained. In the PD-L1 negative group, from a total of 17 samples, 4 samples were grade 1, 10 samples were grade 2, and 3 samples were grade 3. In the PD-L1 positive group, from a total of 63 samples, 13 samples with grade 1, 22 with grade 2, and 28 samples with grade 3. Based on the Chi-square test, p value = 0.115 (p > 0.05). The proportion of PD-L1 expression was higher at higher grades. There was no significant difference in PD-L1 expression in IBC-NST grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3

Probiotik sebagai Pengatur Komposisi Gut microbiota dalam Menghambat Progresivitas Parkinson’s Disease

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases at the age of 40-70 years. Disorders of the Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis have been linked to bacterial metabolite products that play a role in the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Understanding precisely the role of the neuroinflammatory process in PD can lead to an understanding of how PD occurs and its relation to gut microbiota (GM). Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of probiotics as a therapeutic target to inhibit the progression of PD. Methods: Literature study method by collecting valid references regarding GM and PD and the relationship between them. Discussion: Evidence from in vivo trials using Alpha-Synuclease-Overexpressing (αSyn) mice reported that Dysbiosis GM can cause inflammation by activating microglia cells and increasing proinflammatory cytokines modulated by metabolite products of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)  which lead to the occurrence of alpha-Synuclein aggregation and leads to the progression of PD. One of the microbes that have decreased the number of Dysbiosis GM is Lactobacillus rhamnous GG, which has a neuroprotective role in inhibiting the progression of PD. Microbiota-targeted interventions using the probiotic L-GG method have shown a positive effect on inhibiting PD progression. Conclusion: GM dysbiosis caused by PD has a pathway that can increase the progression of PD. This can be used as a therapeutic target, microbial composition engineering with the method of giving L-GG probiotics to be a solution in inhibiting the progression of PD by restoring the neuroprotective effect of L-GG. Keywords: alpha-Synuclein (αSyn), Gut Microbiota (GM), Lactobacillus rhamnous GG (L-GG), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)   Latar Belakang: Penyakit Parkinson (Parkinson’s Disease/PD) adalah salah satu penyakit neurodegeneratif yang paling banyak terjadi pada usia 40-70 tahun. Dewasa kini, gangguan pada Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis telah dihubungkan dengan produk metabolit bakteri yang berperan pada terjadinya neuroinflamasi. Memahami secara tepat peranan dari proses neuroinflamasi pada Parkinson Disease (PD) dapat membawa pemahaman terhadap bagaimana PD timbul dan kaitannya dengan mikroba usus (Gut Microbiota/GM). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas probiotik sebagai target terapi untuk menghambat progresivitas PD. Metode: Literature reviewini disusun menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan referensi yang valid mengenai GM dan PD serta hubungan antar keduanya. Pembahasan: Bukti uji coba in vivo menggunakan tikus Alpha-Synuclease-Overexpressing (ASO) dilaporkan bahwa Dysbiosis Gut Microbiota dapat menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi dengan mekanisme pengaktifan sel mikroglia dan peningkatan sitokin proinflamasi yang dimodulasi oleh produk metabolit Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) yang mengarahkan pada terjadinya agregasi alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) dan berujung pada progresivitas PD. Salah satu mikroba yang mengalami penurunan jumlah pada Dysbiosis Gut Microbiota adalah Lactobacillus rhamnous GG (L-GG), yang memiliki peran neuroprotektif dalam menghambat progresivitas PD. Intervensi berbasis Microbiota-targeted dengan metode penggunaan probiotik L-GG telah menunjukkan efek positif pada penghambatan progresivitas PD. Kesimpulan: Dysbiosis GM memiliki jalur yang mampu meningkatkan progresivitas dari penyakit parkinson. Hal ini mampu dimanfaatkan sebagai target terapi, rekayasa komposisi mikroba dengan metode pemberian probiotik L-GG menjadi solusi dalam menghambat progresivitas PD dengan mengembalikan efek neuroprotektif dari L-GG. Kata Kunci: alpha-Synuclein (αSyn), Gut Microbiota(GM), Lactobacillus rhamnous GG (L-GG), Parkinson Disease (PD), Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs

The Correlation Between IL-1β and IL-10 Levels in Estimating the Risk of Febrile Seizures

Febrile seizures are the most common forms of seizures in children with fever. A data from clinical and experimental studies suggest the potential role of immune generate products in their genesis. The balance between proinflammatory (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines influences the regulation of infections and plays a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. In existing literature, there is no research on the correlation between IL-1β and IL-10 levels as well as the ratio of IL-1β to IL-10 in estimating the risk of febrile seizures in seizure prone children aged between 3 months and 5 years. In this study, IL-1β, IL-10 levels and ratio of IL-1β to IL-10 in the risk of febrile seizures were investigated, and respondents were divided into three groups: febrile seizures, febrile without seizures and healthy children without histories of febrile seizure. This study has used A cross-sectional design, and each group had 17 co-respondents. IL-1β and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15. Findings showed there were significant differences between IL-1β and IL-10 as well as in the ratio of IL-1β to IL-10 between febrile seizure patients and healthy children. It was concluded that there were significant correlations between IL-1β and IL-10 levels as well as IL-1β to IL-10 ratios in estimating the risk of febrile seizures

The Significance of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Histopathological Grading of Invasive Breast Carcinomas

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide with high incidence rate. Invasive breast carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer. Prognosis and survival rate of the patient is related with histopathological grading of the invasive breast carcinoma. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported to be associated with patient clinical outcomes in a number of different malignant tumors. We studied the expression of TILs in invasive breast carcinoma using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. We studied the expression of are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in paraffin block of tissue biopsy from breast tumor specimens. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of TILs in tumor breast tissue from 80 samples. Univariate and bivariate analyses assessed outcomes according to the expression of TILs in different histopathological grading. Of the 80 tumor specimens, 36 (45 %) of samples have high grade of TILs and 44 (55 %). On bivariate analysis, there were significant differences in the expression of TILs lymphocytes between well, moderately and poorly differentiated invasive breast carcinoma, respectively (p< 0.0001). As a conclusion; we found that the severity of invasive breast carcinoma differentiation is directly related to the degree of TILs expression

Characteristics Based on Molecular Subtypes in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cases

Diffuse B-cell origin large cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma most commonly found in adults. Based on the gene or molecular expression profile, DLBCL can be divided into GCB (Germinal Center B-Cell-Like) and ABC / Non-GCB (Activated B-Cell-Like). However, identification of this grouping is still rarely done in Indonesia, especially Makassar City. This study aims to determine the characteristics of DLBCL cases based on molecular examination. This study used a sample of 44 cases of paraffin block for DLBCL patients from 2017 to 2019, then categorized using the Hans algorithm. Of the 44 cases, the number of GCB was 8 cases (18.2%) and ABC / Non-GCB 36 cases (81.8%). The incidence of female sex was slightly lower (47.7%) than in men (52.3%) with the most frequent location being nodal with 36 cases (81.8%) and extranodal as many as 8 cases (18.2%) . Meanwhile, age was found more frequently in patients with age <60 years (32 cases, 72.7%) than those aged> 60 years (12 cases, 27.3%) with a mean age of 52.57 years. The results showed that the ABC / Non-GCB type DLBCL was more common than the GCB type in patients in Makassar city