Personality Traits and Coping Strategies for Contrasting the Occurrence of Traumatic Reactions in Emergency Rescuers

We investigated personality traits, coping strategies, and social factors among emergency rescuers of three different catastrophic events that occurred in 2009 and 2013. These events were natural disasters, two of which were caused by human negligence. We used the cognitive interview (CI) protocol to interview witnesses and investigate their memory of the event. A qualitative analysis using the ATLAS.ti software was performed to subdivide the type of verbal production in the number of scenes recollected, negative emotions, vivid mental images, and self-experience of the event. All participants were also assessed using the Trauma Symptom Inventory for the presence of traumatic reactions at the time of the interview and tests (from December 2015 until January 2016) and 6 months before the interview to exclude the presence of further Traumatic job-related events. Personality traits (Big Five Questionnaire), coping strategies (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Adult), and other social factors (the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory) have been assessed. The aim of the study is to identify individual factors contributing to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in emergency rescuers. We found that some personality traits, social factors, and specific cognitive strategies may act as protective factors to traumatic reactions

Magnetic Energy Powers the Corona: How We Can Understand its 3D Storage & Release

The coronal magnetic field is the prime driver behind many as-yet unsolved mysteries: solar eruptions, coronal heating, and the solar wind, to name a few. It is, however, still poorly observed and understood. We highlight key questions related to magnetic energy storage, release, and transport in the solar corona, and their relationship to these important problems. We advocate for new and multi-point co-optimized measurements, sensitive to magnetic field and other plasma parameters, spanning from optical to $\gamma$-ray wavelengths, to bring closure to these long-standing and fundamental questions. We discuss how our approach can fully describe the 3D magnetic field, embedded plasma, particle energization, and their joint evolution to achieve these objectives.Comment: White paper submitted to the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033; 16 pages, 3 figure

COMPLETE: A flagship mission for complete understanding of 3D coronal magnetic energy release

COMPLETE is a flagship mission concept combining broadband spectroscopic imaging and comprehensive magnetography from multiple viewpoints around the Sun to enable tomographic reconstruction of 3D coronal magnetic fields and associated dynamic plasma properties, which provide direct diagnostics of energy release. COMPLETE re-imagines the paradigm for solar remote-sensing observations through purposefully co-optimized detectors distributed on multiple spacecraft that operate as a single observatory, linked by a comprehensive data/model assimilation strategy to unify individual observations into a single physical framework. We describe COMPLETE's science goals, instruments, and mission implementation. With targeted investment by NASA, COMPLETE is feasible for launch in 2032 to observe around the maximum of Solar Cycle 26.Comment: White paper submitted to the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033; 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Improving Multi-Dimensional Data Formats, Access, and Assimilation Tools for the Twenty-First Century

Heliophysics image data largely relies on a forty-year-old ecosystem built on the venerable Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) data standard. While many in situ measurements use newer standards, they are difficult to integrate with multiple data streams required to develop global understanding. Additionally, most data users still engage with data in much the same way as they did decades ago. However, contemporary missions and models require much more complex support for 3D multi-parameter data, robust data assimilation strategies, and integration of multiple individual data streams required to derive complete physical characterizations of the Sun and Heliospheric plasma environment. In this white paper we highlight some of the 21$^\mathsf{st}$ century challenges for data frameworks in heliophysics, consider an illustrative case study, and make recommendations for important steps the field can take to modernize its data products and data usage models. Our specific recommendations include: (1) Investing in data assimilation capability to drive advanced data-constrained models, (2) Investing in new strategies for integrating data across multiple instruments to realize measurements that cannot be produced from single observations, (3) Rethinking old data use paradigms to improve user access, develop deep understanding, and decrease barrier to entry for new datasets, and (4) Investing in research on data formats better suited for multi-dimensional data and cloud-based computing.Comment: White paper submitted to the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033; 9 pages, 3 figure

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR DE BEBÊS PRÉ-TERMO DE DUAS REGIÕES DO BRASIL

O desenvolvimento motor da criança é resultado das influências biológicas e dos ambientes físico e social e que vive. Essa interação pode incentivar ou limitar as habilidades motoras. O objetivo foi verificar a influência que as diferenças culturais e socioeconômicas de duas regiões brasileiras exercem no desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos pré-termo no primeiro ano de vida. Estudo transversal de comparação de grupos. Participaram do estudo 429 prematuros de ambos os sexos, selecionados em dois estados brasileiros e divididos em duas amostras: bebês nascidos no Rio Grande do Sul (Sul do Brasil) e bebês nascidos de Goiás (Centro-Oeste do Brasil). O desenvolvimento dos bebês foi avaliado pela Alberta Infant Motor Scale nas idades de recém-nascido (RN) a 12 meses e os resultados foram comparados de acordo com as faixas etárias: RN a 6 meses e 7 a 12 meses de idade cronológica corrigida. Quanto à caracterização das amostras, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos apenas nas variáveis peso ao nascer, perímetro cefálico, tempo de internação, idade materna e renda familiar, com o grupo do sul do Brasil apresentando resultado superior. Já com relação ao desempenho motor, os grupos apresentaram diferenças apenas na faixa etária de RN a 6 meses, com os bebês do centro-oeste apresentando resultados mais atrasados na pontuação geral e nas posturas prono e sentado. Os bebês da região centro-oeste do Brasil apresentaram desenvolvimento motor mais atrasado que os bebês do sul do Brasil, o que pode ter sido influenciado pelos resultados inferiores obtidos nas variáveis neonatais de peso ao nascer e perímetro cefálico.Palavras-chave: Prematuro. Desenvolvimento Infantil. Destreza Motora. Influências Ambientais. AIMS

Measles: the best age and number of doses recommended for children vaccination in Brazil

This study was firstly carried out in an adult healthy population, which included university students, blood bank donors and pregnant women with a total of 889 people. It was observed that about 87% of this population carried blood specific measles antibodies, and the same percentage of antibodies detection was observed in each respective newborns, due to the transplacental passage of maternal antibodies. These antibodies were periodically titrated from the day of birth up to 7 months of age. After 4 months of age starts the decline of the antibody levels or its extinction. The response to the vaccine was studied in 1268 children which were divided in 3 groups: I) vaccinated at 7 months and then revaccinated at 15 months; II) vaccinated at 9 months; and III) vaccinated at 7 months and then revaccinated at 9 months. This study have demonstrated that in spite of the response to the vaccine in older children being more efficient, it is very important in the actual epidemiological circumstances of measles in Brazil that the vaccination of children starts at 7 months, despite the percentage of seroconversions being around 50%. This point of view is substantiated by the observation that the mortality index in children under one year of age is responsible for half of the deaths occurring by measles in Brazil. After the second dose of measles vaccine it was not found any difference in the seroconvertion rates in the revaccinated group either at 2 months or 8 months after the first dose of vaccine. The conclusion of this study was the recommendation of the measles vaccine being started at 7 months of age in an attempt to diminish the high mortality and morbidity rates in that group of age, being the revaccination mandatory at 9 months of age in order to protect those children who did not seroconvert after the first dose of vaccine.Este estudo foi inicialmente conduzido em população adulta normal, compreendendo doadores de Banco de Sangue, estudantes universitários e parturientes, totalizando 889 indivíduos. Foi observado que cerca de 87% desta população apresentava anticorpos específicos para o sarampo, e que o mesmo porcentual de positividade observado nas gestantes, foi encontrado nos seus respectivos conceptos dada a passagem transplacentária dos anticorpos maternos. Foi verificado o declínio desses anticorpos após o 4.° mês, do recém-nato. Os resultados à vacinação contra o sarampo foi estudada em 1268 crianças divididas em três grupos: I) vacinadas aos 7 meses e revacinadas aos 15 meses; II) vacinadas aos 9 meses e III) vacinadas aos 7 meses e revacinadas aos 9 meses. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que apesar da resposta à vacinação ter sido mais eficiente no grupo de crianças maiores, é importante que se vacine aos 7 meses de idade, embora a porcentagem de soroconversão tenha sido de 50%. Esta medida deve ser levada em consideração, tendo em vista que a mortalidade por sarampo em crianças com menos de 1 ano representa a metade dos óbitos pela doença. Foi verificado que após a aplicação da 2.° dose, não houve diferença quanto à soroconversão, tanto no grupo revacinado 2 meses ou 8 meses após a 1.º dose da vacina. Portanto, a vacinação aos 7 meses é necessária, visando diminuir a mortalidade e a morbidade dentro do 1.º ano de vida, e a revacinação aos 9 meses, a fim de imunizar as crianças não beneficiadas com a 1.ª dose

Perfil clínico, seguimento ecocardiográfico e cardiotoxicidade em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico: Clinical profile, echocardiographic follow-up and cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil clínico de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento de câncer de mama, e a realização de exames de rastreio de cardiotoxicidade. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional, quantitativo, descritivo e , que analisou prontuários de pacientes acima de 18 anos que trataram câncer de mama entre 2015 e 2019. Os desfechos para análise compreendem o desenvolvimento de insuficiência cardíaca clinicamente manifesta ou uma queda na fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda superior ou igual a 10% em relação ao valor inicial, para um valor abaixo de 50%. Resultado: Dos 151 pacientes analisados, 70 possuíam hipertensão arterial sistêmica, 31 apresentavam diabetes mellitus 2. A média da idade na amostra foi de 65,5 ± 13,3 anos, sendo 149 mulheres. Com relação aos quimioterápicos, 92 utilizaram ciclofosfamida, 84 doxorrubicina e 13 trastuzumabe. A ecocardiografia pré-quimioterapia foi realizada em 56 pacientes, enquanto 27 realizaram o exame após a quimioterapia, sendo a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda média antes do tratamento de 67 ± 8% e após tratamento de 64 ± 5%. Com base nos critérios utilizados nesse estudo, nenhum paciente apresentou cardiotoxicidade decorrente de quimioterapia, porém cinco pacientes apresentaram insuficiência cardíaca clinicamente manifesta. Conclusão: O perfil clínico encontrado no presente estudo foi composto majoritariamente por mulheres idosas com comorbidades. Foi observada uma baixa frequência de monitorização cardiológica pós-QT, por intermédio da ecocardiografia, associada a uma ausência de cardiotoxicidade por quimioterápicos documentada e a ocorrência de insuficiência cardíaca clinicamente manifesta em um pequeno grupo de pacientes

Prevalence and Predictors of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Brazilian Primary Public Health System

Purpose. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of clinically important potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in elderly patients attending the public primary health care system in Brazil. The secondary objective was to investigate possible predictors of potential DDIs. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 Brazilian cities located in the Ourinhos Micro-region, Sao Paulo State, between November 2010 and April 2011. The selected sample was divided according to the presence (exposed) or absence (unexposed) of one or more potential DDIs (defined as the presence of a minimum 5-day overlap in supply of an interacting drug pair). Data were collected from medical prescriptions and patients' medical records. Potential DDIs (rated major or moderate) were identified using 4 DDI-checker programs. Logistic regression analysis was used to study potential DDI predictors. Results. The prevalence of clinically important potential DDIs found during the study period was 47.4%. Female sex (OR = 2.49 [95% CI 2.29-2.75]), diagnosis of = 3 diseases (OR = 6.43 [95% CI 3.25-12.44]), and diagnosis of hypertension (OR = 1.68 [95% CI 1.23-2.41]) were associated with potential DDIs. The adjusted OR increased from 0.90 [95% CI 0.82-1.03] in patients aged 60 - 64 years to 4.03 [95% CI 3.79 - 4.28] in those aged 75 years or older. Drug therapy regimens involving = 2 prescribers (OR = 1.39 [95% CI 1.17-1.67]), = 3 drugs (OR = 3.21 [95% CI 2.78-3.59]), = 2 ATC codes (OR = 1.19 [95% CI 1.12-1.29]), = 2 drugs acting on cytochrome P450 (OR = 2.24 [95% CI 2.07-2.46]), and ATC codes B (OR = 1.89 [95% CI 1.05-2.08]) and C (OR = 4.01 [95% CI 3.55-4.57]) were associated with potential DDIs. Conclusion. Special care should be taken with the prescription and therapeutic follow-up of patients who present characteristics identified as predictors. Knowledge of potential DDI predictors could aid in developing preventive practices and policies that allow public health services to better manage this situation.Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico (FADEC)Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico (FADEC

1H NMR spectroscopy of glioblastoma stem-like cells identifies alpha-aminoadipate as a marker of tumor aggressiveness

Patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) face a poor prognosis with median survival of about 14months. High recurrence rate and failure of conventional treatments are attributed to the presence of GBM cells with stem-like properties (GSCs). Metabolite profiles of 42 GSC lines established from the tumor tissue of adult GBM patients were screened with 1H NMR spectroscopy and compared with human neural progenitor cells from human adult olfactory bulb (OB-NPCs) and from the developing human brain (HNPCs). A first subset (n=12) of GSCs exhibited a dramatic accumulation of the metabolite α-aminoadipate (αAAD), product of the oxidation of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde catalyzed by the ALDH7A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family in lysine catabolism. αAAD was low/not detectable in a second GSC subset (n=13) with the same neural metabolic profile as well as in a third GSC subset (n=17) characterized by intense lipid signals. Likewise, αAAD was not detected in the spectra of OB-NPCs or HNPCs. Inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase by oligomycin treatment revealed that the lysine degradative pathway leading to αAAD formation proceeds through saccharopine, as usually observed in developing brain. Survival curves indicated that high αAAD levels in GSCs significantly correlated with poor patient survival, similarly to prostate and non-small-cell-lung cancers, where activity of ALDH7A1 correlates with tumor aggressiveness