Clone-Dependent Expression of Esca Disease Revealed by Leaf Metabolite Analysis

Grapevine trutk diseases, especially Esca, are of major concern since they gradually alter vineyards worldwide and cause heavy economic losses. The expression of Esca disease symptoms depends on several factors, including the grapevine cultivar. In this context, a possible clone-dependent expression of the Esca disease was studied. Two clones of ‘Chardonnay’ grown in the same plot were compared according to their developmental and physiological traits, metabolome, and foliar symptom expression. Analysis of their leaf metabolome highlighted differences related to symptom expression. Interestingly, the content of a few specific metabolites exhibited opposite variations in leaves of symptomatic shoots of clones 76 and 95. Altogether this study showed a clone-dependent expression of Esca disease in ‘Chardonnay’ and the relevance of GC-MS and 3D fluorescence methods to analyze the impact of the disease on the leaf metabolome

Influence du clone dans l'expression des maladies du bois

IPMSPEUBInfluence du clone dans l'expression des maladies du bois. Journée Recherches Vigne et Vin en Bourgogn

Accelerated aging tests and characterizations of solar mirrors: Comparison of combinations of stress factors on degradation

International audienceSolar mirrors for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are expected to ensure a proper efficiency during 30 years. Due to this long time, accelerated aging tests of solar materials are crucial to estimate the real degradation in-service. However, most publications in the CSP field are based on standardized tests which are not sufficient to reach the durability of products in service on all CSP sites and all the market. The impacts on the material properties of unitary stress factors such as temperature, irradiation and humidity have been studied, and models have been proposed for different kinds of materials. All of these models include one or two stress factors, various magnitudes doses, and material dependent parameters. This study aimed to compare degradation under multifactor of stresses: temperature, humidity and irradiation on solar mirrors, with a focus on verification of two following hypotheses:1) The coupling hypothesis based on the multiplication of the acceleration factors without synergy between themselves,2) The initialization hypothesis for these three stress factors where the order of application of these tests does not matter.This last hypothesis was never formulated in the models but it is studied in this article. In this paper, we present the results of four different silvered glass mirrors subjected to several accelerated aging tests. The conclusion of this work will help the manufacturer to compare their technology to the others and to ensure the reproducibility of aging between indoor chambers and outdoor sites

Long time series solar spectra used for solar field performance evaluation

International audienceConcentrated Solar Power (CSP) uses large solar fields composed of mirrors coupled with linear or punctual thermal absorbers and glasses, for ensuring insulation or protection. Each component previously cited must reflect, absorb or transmit a large part of the sun's radiative energy. For calculating their respective efficiency, the different organizations for standardization and measurement currently use the ASTM G173-03 [1] standardized solar spectrum. This standard spectrum has been proposed in the early 2000s, using an average of the clear-sky conditions above all the USA for photovoltaic applications. The aim of the present contribution is to compare the real solar efficiency of each optical component to the efficiency calculated with the ASTM standard, by using a long time series of located solar spectra, function of the local atmospheric conditions. For this study, we have selected 10 sites around the world on the AERONET database before using the software SMARTS 2.9.5 for modeling one Direct and Circumsolar (DC) solar spectrum per available data. We obtained thousands of solar spectra per sitewhich allow us to calculate solar annual performances and to compare them with the current solar standard ASTM G173-03 solar spectrum

Analysis of Probabilistic Cache Related Pre-emption Delays

International audienceThis paper integrates analysis of probabilistic cache related pre-emption delays (pCRPD) and static probabilistic timing analysis (SPTA) for multipath programs running on a hardware platform that uses an evict-on-miss random cache replacement policy. The SPTA computes an upper bound on the probabilistic worst-case execution time (pWCET) of the program, which is an exceedance function giving the probability that the execution time of the program will exceed any given value on any particular run. The pCRPD analysis determines the maximum effect of a pre-emption on the pWCET. The integration between SPTA and pCRPD updates the pWCET to account for the effects of one or more pre-emptions at any arbitrary points in the program. This integration is a necessary step enabling effective schedulability analysis for probabilistic hard real-time systems that use pre-emptive or co-operative scheduling. The analysis is illustrated via a number of benchmark programs

Mixed Criticality on Multicore/Manycore Platforms (Dagstuhl Seminar 15121)

This report provides an overview of the discussions, the program and the outcomes of the first Dagstuhl Seminar on Mixed Criticality on multicore/Manycore Platforms. The seminar brought together researchers working on challenges related to executing mixed criticality real-time applications on multicore and manycore architectures with the main purpose of promoting a closer interaction between the sub-communities involved in real-time scheduling, real-time operating systems / runtime environments, and timing analysis as well as interaction with specialists in hardware architectures