Approximate Bayesian Model Selection with the Deviance Statistic

Bayesian model selection poses two main challenges: the specification of parameter priors for all models, and the computation of the resulting Bayes factors between models. There is now a large literature on automatic and objective parameter priors in the linear model. One important class are $g$-priors, which were recently extended from linear to generalized linear models (GLMs). We show that the resulting Bayes factors can be approximated by test-based Bayes factors (Johnson [Scand. J. Stat. 35 (2008) 354-368]) using the deviance statistics of the models. To estimate the hyperparameter $g$, we propose empirical and fully Bayes approaches and link the former to minimum Bayes factors and shrinkage estimates from the literature. Furthermore, we describe how to approximate the corresponding posterior distribution of the regression coefficients based on the standard GLM output. We illustrate the approach with the development of a clinical prediction model for 30-day survival in the GUSTO-I trial using logistic regression.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-STS510 in the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Drawing and re-drawing: working with the physicality of the performing body in costume design

How does the act of drawing enable the costume designer to design costumes that work effectively with the physicality of the performing body? This research is located in the field of scenography and refers specifically to costume design practices within this field. The research project developed from a growing visibility of performances developed and created primarily from the physicality of the body rather than from a text. In these performance environments, where there is no initial text to work from and sound, lighting and set have yet to be developed the costume designer must predominantly respond to the physicality of the performing body. However, if the costume designer is to ensure that their designs and costumes work effectively with the ideas developed by the performer they must also address the relationship between their interpretation of the performing body and the intentions of the performer. My research responds to limited resources that examine and document how a costume designer can address this relationship and create designs that work with the physicality of the performing body rather than designs that work with a text. As a result of the limited resources in this area of costume design I refer to an additional field for reference. Using training practices based in figure skating to structure my drawing process my research provides new insight into how a costume designer can create costume designs that work with and enhance the physicality of the performing body. By using this repetitive drawing process to both interpret the performing body and initiate a dialogue with the performer my research enhances collaborative practices in costume design and within the field of scenography. In the absence of relevant literature in figure skating, the drawing and redrawing approach I use is primarily examined and supported using a combination of performance and training approaches developed by Jacques Lecoq. These approaches address and explore how performance is created through an awareness of the physicality of the body in relation to the physicality of mark making, and through a repetitive training structure similar to that used in figure skating. Drawing is used as the primary research method, applied within a methodology based on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological philosophy. This methodological approach both facilitates the costume designer's encounter with the physicality of the performing body and enables an examination of this encounter in order to understand how the designer interprets and makes sense of this body. These encounters are structured through and conducted within three ethnographic case studies based in theatre performance, costume design and figure skating. The research case studies are contextualised using interviews, diaries and background research and are analysed using a structure that draws on Corbin and Strauss's Grounded Theory. The research concludes by outlining three main stages through which the process of drawing and re-drawing is applied and used to create costume designs that work effectively with the physicality of the performing body. In describing and explaining these three stages I outline how the repetitive drawing process integrates within a performance process and as a result becomes a vehicle for collaboration between the costume designer and the performer

A scoping review of the literature pertaining to burnout and leadership in mental health clinicians

This paper aims to explore what is known in the literature about leadership and burnout within mental health clinicians (MHC). The Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework was used to conduct a systematised scoping review of three databases: PsycInfo, PubMed and CINAHL. To ensure a broad scope of the literature, Google, Google Scholar and three sources of grey literature were also searched. In total 1,087 articles were identified and 36 were included in the final review, 23 of which were cross-sectional and correlational studies. There is a lack of experimental studies, longitudinal research and qualitative approaches. The literature repeatedly demonstrated an association between leadership and burnout; transformational-leadership style, good quality supervision, supportive relationships, positive communication and fostering autonomy are areas of interest. Future research activity should aim to follow the recommendations made in the literature; more experimental and longitudinal approaches are needed to support practical application of the findings. To the best of the author’s knowledge there is no other review which maps out the research pertaining to leadership and burnout among MHC. These findings can be used to guide future research to ensure that efforts are directed toward original, meaningful and practical ventures that will add to the evidence base and benefit clinical practice

The Use of Tensiomyography to Evaluate Neuromuscular Profile and Lateral Symmetry in Competitive Female Surfers

The aim of this study was to determine the contractile properties and muscle stiffness to assess lateral symmetry in competitive female surfers. Fifteen competitive female surfers volunteered to participate in the study. Tensiomyography was used to derive maximum muscle belly displacement, and time delay duration of the Biceps Brachiis, Biceps Femoris, Deltoid, Gastrocnemius lateral head, Rectus Femoris, Tibialis Anterior, Triceps Brachii and Vastus Medialis. No significant differences between right and left limbs at in any of the tested muscles were observed (p > 0.05). Competitive female surfers showed that upper body muscles had the ability to generate force rapidly during contractions, while the lower body muscles generated force at a slower rate. Surf specific training seems to have had an influence on the contractile properties, and stiffness of these muscles. The neuromuscular profile provided here provides further nor-mative data to this unique population

Novel Synthesis of 1,6,7,9-Tetrasubstituted 8-Oxo-1-azaspiro[4.4]nonanes

The synthesis and isolation of one diastereomer of 1-benzyl-7,9-dimethyl-8-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-6-carbonitrile 11 was accomplished by the diiron nonacarbonyl-assisted spirocyclization reaction of 2-(1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)acetonitrile 10 and 2,4-dibromo-3-pentanone 12.NOESY NMR spectroscopy experiments of 11 showed it to be the (5R*, 6S*, 7S*, 9S*)-diastereomer. South African Journal of Chemistry Vol.55 2002: 132

Micro moments of attunement with an adopted child: A single case study of intersubjective music therapy, with implications for the practice of music therapy enabling reparation of familial difficulties, within the adoption community.

This thesis describes the author’s research of her music therapy practice within the field of adoption. Her research is rooted in a needs-led collaboration within what she describes as the ‘adoption community’. The author has ‘lived-experience’ of the adoption community, of which she is both a member of, and therapist to. Music therapy carries the potential for fertile, creative exchanges which can be described as ‘attunement’ (Stern 2010). The research focuses on the hypothesis that ‘micro moments’ of attunement might occur between the adopted client and the music therapist within the music therapy relationship. The thesis describes a single case study which generated data that was subjected to a thematic analysis. By thematically analysing one case at a micro level, certain moments were identified within the music therapy that had therapeutic significance for the child concerned. ‘Adoption themes’ arising from the thematic analysis are explored. Then the author describes creating a theoretical approach for understanding these themes. The theory is built from the ground upwards, a meaning-making process starting from the client’s experience. ‘Micro moments of attunement’ describes the empathic unconscious emotional resonances (De Waal 2012) occurring within music therapy. Resonating relationships are vital for providing intersubjective fit between music therapist and client. The author examines ontological theories of both client’s and therapist’s states within the therapeutic encounter. (Driver 2013). The music therapist’s subjectivity is seldom examined yet plays a significant role in the co-construction of any therapeutic trajectory. This is even more significant when the music therapist shares lived experience with the client group (Kuchuck 2014). Finally, the author presents an argument that music therapy is a well-placed creative arts therapy for adoptee’s, describing how this particular non-verbal modality might be used by adoptive families seeking support and especially for adoptive families referred to services with threat of family disruption. References. De Waal, M.W. (2012) What Makes Psychotherapy Work. New York/London. Routledge. Driver, C. and Crawford, S. (2013) Being And Relating In Psychotherapy. London. Palgrave. Kuchuck, S. (2014) Clinical Implications Of The Psychoanalysts Life Experience: When The Personal Becomes Professional. New York. Routledge. Stern, D. (2010) Forms Of Vitality. Exploring Dynamic Experience In Psychology, The Arts, Psychotherapy, And Development. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press

An Analysis of Lower Body Kinematics in Response to Changes in Speed in World-Class Walkers

Information on how race walkers modulate lower body kinematics with speed is of interest to coaches for developing informed training strategies for elite athletes. Seven male Olympic race walkers volunteered to participate in the study. Twelve optoelectronic cameras (Oqus 7, Qualisys) operating at 250 Hz collected kinematic data as participants race walked at 3 different speeds down the 40 m walkway. Statistical parametric mapping (spm1d.org) was used to compare lower body kinematics in Matlab (R2016b, The Mathworks Inc.). Greater hip flexion (4°) was observed at 80-92% of the gait cycle in the 10 km trials than the training pace trials (p < 0.001, medium effect (0.65)). A more flexed hip during terminal swing in the 10 km trials might be indicative of the 0.08 m increase in step length that was present with increases in race walking speed. At the knee, greater flexion (3°) occurred during the 10 km trials than the training pace trials at 68-73% (p < 0.001, medium effect (0.5)). This study suggests that elite race walkers modulate lower body kinematics by increasing range of motion of the hip and knee as speed increases. Coaches and athletes should consider an individualised approach to this kinematic strategy with respect to the rules of race walking

Turning Gigabytes into Gigs: “Songification” and Live Music Data

Complex data is challenging to understand when it is represented as written communication even when it is structured in a table. How- ever, choosing to represent data in creative ways can aid our under- standing of complex ideas and patterns. In this regard, the creative industries have a great deal to offer data-intensive scholarly disci- plines. Music, for example, is not often used to interpret data, yet the rhythmic nature of music lends itself to the representation and anal- ysis of temporal data.Taking the music industry as a case study, this paper explores how data about historical live music gigs can be analysed, extend- ed and re-presented to create new insights. Using a unique process called &lsquo;songification&rsquo; we demonstrate how enhanced auditory data design can provide a medium for aural intuition. The case study also illustrates the benefits of an expanded and inclusive view of research; in which computation and communication, method and media, in combination enable us to explore the larger question of how we can employ technologies to produce, represent, analyse, deliver and exchange knowledge