Rehabilitación implantoprotésica en el paciente oncológico: experiencia de 20 años

Resumen Los pacientes que han sido tratados por un proceso oncológico se encuentran con una alteración de funciones básicas, como la masticación, fonación y estética, que les impide desarrollar una vida normal en cuanto a la alimentación, habla y relaciones sociales, lo que disminuye de forma manifiesta su calidad de vida. En la medida de lo posible la restitución del tejido perdido se puede realizar con prótesis dental, si bien los implantes en estas situaciones han supuesto un elemento clave debido a que la alteración de la mucosa hace que el apoyo mucoso sea difícil. Tras 20 años de experiencia y dedicación en la Unidad de Rehabilitación Protésica de la Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial en los Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, nos planteamos estudiar los resultados obtenidos en dicha Unidad, analizando la supervivencia de los implantes endoóseos colocados en pacientes que han sido tratados de un cáncer en la cavidad oral y que, tras dos años supervivencia, precisan una rehabilitación protésic

Cancer treatment-induced oral mucositis: a critical review

Introduction.- Head and neck cancer represents actually one of the main oncological problems. In its treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy leads to mucositis, as well as other side effects. Objective.- To review the high-quality evidence published over the last twenty-five years on the treatment of cancer treatment-induced oral mucositis. Material and methods.- A search of double blind randomised controlled clinical trials between 1985 and 2010 was performed in the Medline database. Oral mucositis, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, head and neck were used as keywords. Results.- The different therapeutic approaches found for cancer treatment-induced oral mucositis included: intensive oral hygiene care, use of topical antiseptics and antimicrobial agents, use of anti inflammatory agents, cytokines and growth factors, locally applied non-pharmacological methods, antioxidants, immune modulators, anticholeric agents and homoeopathic agents. Discussion.- To date no intervention has been able to prevent and treat oral mucositis on its own. Therefore, it is necessary to combine interventions that act on the different phases of mucositis. Conclusions.- It is still unclear as to which strategies reduce oral mucositis, as there is not enough evidence that describes a treatment with a proven efficiency and better than the other treatments for this conditio

Fatores de risco e classificação de risco para doença tromboembólica em mulheres no pós-parto

 Introduction. Women in the postpartum period have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, with an increase of up to 10 times the risk of thromboembolic disease compared to non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Objective. To describe the sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and risk classification for thromboembolic events of postpartum women in a reference hospital in the department of Boyacá during 2018. Methodology. Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out in 398 postpartum women, who were surveyed and assessed by the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of the Sogamoso Regional Hospital during 2018, the factors and risk classification for thromboembolic events were identified. Results and conclusions. Postpartum women have a median age of 26 years [RIQ; 10 years], from the urban area in 62.6% and mostly from the socioeconomic stratum one with 69.6%. The most frequent risk factors found were caesarean section with 33.2%, overweight with 31.4%, obesity grade I and II with 11.3% and preterm delivery with 7.5%. The risk classification for thromboembolic events in the total population was classified as: 6% low risk, 89.5% moderate risk and 4.5% high risk. Identification of the level of risk for thromboembolic events in postpartum women is necessary in the gynecology and obstetrics services in a standardized and systematic way, as well as mitigating these risks and thus guaranteeing the prevention of this type of complications.Introducción. Las mujeres en el periodo posparto presentan un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad, con un incremento de hasta 10 veces el riesgo de enfermedad tromboembólica, en comparación con mujeres no embarazadas en edad fértil. Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo y clasificación de riesgo para eventos tromboembólicos de las mujeres posparto en un hospital de referencia del departamento de Boyacá durante el año 2018. Metodología. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado en 398 mujeres posparto, quienes fueron encuestadas y valoradas por el servicio de ginecobstetricia del Hospital Regional de Sogamoso, durante el año 2018; se identificaron los factores y se hizo clasificación de riesgo para eventos tromboembólicos. Resultados y conclusiones. Las mujeres posparto cuentan con una mediana de edad de 26 años [RIQ; 10 años], procedentes del área urbana en el 62,6% y en su mayoría (69,6%) del estrato socioeconómico uno. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes encontrados fueron la cesárea (33,2%), el sobrepeso (31,4%), la obesidad grado I y II (11,3%) y el parto pretérmino (7,5%). La clasificación de riesgo para eventos tromboembólicos en el total de la población se clasificó como: 6% riesgo bajo, 89,5% riesgo moderado y 4,5% riesgo alto. Es necesario contar en los servicios de ginecobstetricia con la identificación del nivel de riesgo para eventos tromboembólicos de las mujeres posparto, de forma estandarizada y sistemática; igualmente, mitigar estos riesgos y así garantizar la prevención de este tipo de complicaciones.Introdução: Mulheres no período pós-parto apresentam maior risco de morbilidade e mortalidade,com aumento de até 10 vezes o risco de doenças tromboembólicas, em comparação com mulheresnão grávidas em idade reprodutiva. Objetivo: Descrever as características sociodemográficas, fatores de risco e classificação de risco para eventos tromboembólicos em mulheres pós-parto no hospital de referência no departamento de Boyacá durante o ano 2018. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, des-critivo, transversal, realizado em 398 mulheres pós-parto, que foram inquiridas e avaliadas pelo servi-ço de ginecologia e obstetrícia do Hospital Regional de Sogamoso, durante o ano de 2018; Identifica-ram-se fatores e classificação de risco para eventos tromboembólicos. Resultados e conclusões: as mulheres no pós-parto têm uma idade mediana de 26 anos [RIQ; 10 anos], 62,6% da zona urbana e a maioria (69,6%) do estrato socioeconômico um. Os fatores de risco mais frequentes encontrados fo-ram cesárea (33,2%), sobrepeso (31,4%), obesidade graus I e II (11,3%) e parto prematuro (7,5%). A classificação de risco para eventos tromboembólicos na população total foi classificada em: 6% de baixo risco, 89,5% de risco moderado e 4,5% de alto risco. É necessário contar com os serviços de ginecoobstetrícia com a identificação do grau de risco para eventos tromboembólicos em mulheres pós-parto, de forma padronizada e sistematizada; da mesma forma, mitigar esses riscos e, assim, ga-rantir a prevenção deste tipo de complicações

Active unilateral condylar hyperplasia : assessment of the usefulness of single photon emission computed tomography

This study aims to evaluate whether the uptake difference by the condyles evaluated using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination is useful for predicting the activity of the feature and the advance of this pathology. An observational and prospective study has been carried out on nine patients affected by unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) with complete bone maturation, with a follow-up over 18 months. At the beginning of the study, a test-battery was conducted including dental casts, articular examination, teleradiography and cephalometry, computed tomography and SPECT, creating two groups of patients from a difference in uptake between both condyles greater than 10% over the follow-up period. Evolution of data obtained with the rest of the diagnostic tests were compared to confirm UCH activity predicted by SPECT. The comparison of both groups did not show hardly any significant differences, with little clinical significance. Deviation of the mandibular line, the size of the branches or condyles behaved similarly in both study groups. From the data obtained in our study, we can conclude that the use of the difference in uptake between both condyles by applying the SPECT technique is not a valid approach for predicting clinical activity in cases of UCH

Simulación del comportamiento del subsistema de potencia del satélite Lian-He bajo unos parámetros de misión típicos = Simulation of the Lian-Hé satellite power subsystem under typical LEO mission requirements

En el proceso de diseño de sistemas espaciales, el subsistema de generación y distribución de potencia resulta crítico. Para percibirlo basta con pensar en la dependencia energética de gran parte de los demás subsistemas. En el presente informe se describirá en detalle el modelizado del sistema de generación y distribución de potencia del satélite Lian-He. También se realizarán análisis para comprobar durabilidad de la batería durante la misión, así como la robustez del diseño en caso de fallo de algún panel solar. El presente trabajo es parte del contenido docente de la asignatura de Generación y Gestión de Potencia Eléctrica correspondiente al Máster Universitario en Sistemas Espaciales (MUSE), impartido en el curso 2016-2017. Los tutores de este trabajo han sido los profesores Elena Roibás-Millán, Javier Cubas y Santiago Pindado. The proper design of the power subsystem in a space mission is a critical factor, as the correct performance of all the other subsystems of a satellite depend on the power generation and distribution. In the present work, the power subsystem of Lian-Hé satellite (generation, storage and distribution), is thoroughly described and analyzed for a typical LEO misión requeriments. Besides, a failure analysis of key parts of the subsystem such as oneot two solar panels, or half of the battery strings has been included in the work. This work was carried out as part of the subject Power Subsystems of the Master in Space Systems(MUSE)of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. The supervisors of this work were professors elena Roibás-Millán, Javier Cubas and Santiago Pindado

Brown bear behaviour in human-modified landscapes: The case of the endangered Cantabrian population, NW Spain

Large carnivores are recolonizing parts of their historical range in Europe, a heavily modified human landscape. This calls for an improvement of our knowledge on how large carnivores manage to coexist with humans, and on the effects that human activity has on large carnivore behaviour, especially in areas where carnivore populations are still endangered. Brown bears Ursus arctos have been shown to be sensitive to the presence of people and their activities. Thus, bear conservation and management should take into account potential behavioural alterations related to living in human-modified landscapes. We studied the behaviour of brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain, where an endangered population thrives in a human-modified landscape. We analysed bear observations video-recorded over a 10-year period to try to identify human and landscape elements that could influence bear behaviour. Neither the occurrence nor the duration of vigilance behaviour in Cantabrian bears seemed to be influenced by the proximity of human infrastructures and activity. Our findings suggest that the general pattern of human avoidance by bears is adapted to the human-modified landscape they inhabit. Bears generally avoid people, but close presence of human infrastructures or activity did not seem to trigger an increased bear behavioural response. Coexistence between large carnivores and humans in human-modified landscapes is possible, even when human encroachment is high, provided that carnivores are not heavily persecuted and direct interactions are avoided. Further research should also document the potential existence of other responses to human presence and activity, e.g., hunting, traffic noise, and measuring stress levels with physiological indicators.This research was financially supported by the IBA (International Association for Bear Research and Management) grant project IBA-RG_16_2016 ‘Brown bear behaviour in human-dominated landscapes: the effect of human density and ecotourism’. During this research, G.B. was financially supported by a collaboration contract with the MUSE – Museo delle Scienze of Trento (Italy), J.M-P. was supported by the ARAID foundation and V.P., A.O. and R.G.G. were also financially supported by the Excellence Project CGL2017-82782-P financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU)

Neural correlates of episodic memory in adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease

Background Adults with Down syndrome are at an ultra-high risk of developing early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Episodic memory deficits are one of the earliest signs of the disease, but their association with regional brain atrophy in the population with Down syndrome has not been explored. We aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of episodic memory in adults with Down syndrome and symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Methods Single-center, cross-sectional study. A total of 139 adults with Down syndrome (85 asymptomatic and 54 with symptomatic Alzheimer's disease) were included in the study (mean age 43.6 +/- 10.9 years, 46% female). Episodic memory was assessed using the modified Cued Recall Test. Immediate (trial 1 free immediate recall, trial 3 free immediate recall, total free immediate recall score, and total immediate score) and delayed scores (free delayed recall score and total delayed score) were examined. Cortical thickness from magnetic resonance imaging was determined with surface-based morphometry using the FreeSurfer 6.0 software package. The clusters of reduced cortical thickness were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants to create a cortical atrophy map. Then, the correlation between cortical thickness and the modified Cued Recall Test subscores were separately assessed in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, controlling for age, sex, and severity of intellectual disability. Results Compared with asymptomatic participants, those with symptomatic Alzheimer's disease showed a pattern of cortical atrophy in posterior parieto-temporo-occipital cortices. In symptomatic subjects, trial 1 immediate free recall significantly correlated with cortical atrophy in lateral prefrontal regions. Trial 3 free immediate recall and total free immediate recall were associated with the most widespread cortical atrophy. Total immediate score was related to posterior cortical atrophy, including lateral parietal and temporal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and medial temporal lobe areas. Delayed memory scores were associated with cortical atrophy in temporoparietal and medial temporal lobe regions. No significant relationships were observed between episodic memory measures and cortical atrophy in asymptomatic subjects. Conclusions Different episodic memory measures were associated with cortical atrophy in specific brain regions in adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. These results overlap with those described in sporadic Alzheimer's disease and further support the similarities between Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease and that in the general population

Un discurrir en el hábitat más íntimo del ser [humano]

¿Qué es una Casa? ¿Qué significa LA CASA? Resulta muy diferente definir LA CASA en términos de concepto que definirla en términos de significado. En la Psicología, se utilizan dos términos relacionados con cada objeto: significado y significante. El significado hace referencia al concepto en sí y, en ese sentido, una casa sería un lugar para habitar, es decir, “un techo encima de la cabeza”, en palabras del profesor mencionado por el editor de este libro. El significante, por su lado, hace referencia al sentido, a la representación mental, al símbolo, a la imagen, a la percepción que, de ese concepto, pueda construir cada persona y, en ese sentido, puede evocar otros conceptos como hogar, refugio, protección, unión, afecto, recuerdos, oportunidades, valores, sabores, olores, eventos, familia, pareja, realización, pasado, futuro, etc

The PAU survey: close galaxy pairs identification and analysis

Galaxy pairs constitute the initial building blocks of galaxy evolution, which is driven through merger events and interactions. Thus, the analysis of these systems can be valuable in understanding galaxy evolution and studying structure formation. In this work, we present a new publicly available catalogue of close galaxy pairs identified using photometric redshifts provided by the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS). To efficiently detect them, we take advantage of the high-precision photo−z (σ68 < 0.02) and apply an identification algorithm previously tested using simulated data. This algorithm considers the projected distance between the galaxies (rp < 50 kpc), the projected velocity difference (ΔV < 3500 km s−1) and an isolation criterion to obtain the pair sample. We applied this technique to the total sample of galaxies provided by PAUS and to a subset with high-quality redshift estimates. Finally, the most relevant result we achieved was determining the mean mass for several subsets of galaxy pairs selected according to their total luminosity, colour, and redshift, using galaxy–galaxy lensing estimates. For pairs selected from the total sample of PAUS with a mean r-band luminosity 1010.6 h−2 L⊙, we obtain a mean mass of M200 = 1012.2 h−1 M⊙, compatible with the mass–luminosity ratio derived for elliptical galaxies. We also study the mass-to-light ratio M/L as a function of the luminosity L and find a lower M/L (or steeper slope with L) for pairs than the one extrapolated from the measurements in groups and galaxy clusters.The PAU Survey is partially supported by MINECO under grants CSD2007-00060, AYA2015-71825, ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, PID2019-111317GB, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597,MDM-2015-0509 and Juan de la Cierva fellowship and LACEGAL and EWC Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant numbers 734374 and 776247 with ERDF funds from the EU Horizon 2020 Programme, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IEEC and IFAE are partially funded by the CERCA and Beatriu de Pinos program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Funding for PAUS has also been provided by Durham University (via the ERC StG DEGAS-259586), ETH Zurich, Leiden University (via ERC StG ADULT-279396 and Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Vici grant 639.043.512), University College London and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement number 776247 EWC. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 734374. This work was also partially supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina) and the Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (SeCyT-UNC, Argentina). This work has been also partially supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (Bekker grant BPN/BEK/2021/1/00298/DEC/1), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (number 754510). H. Hildebrandt is supported by a Heisenberg grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Hi 1495/5-1) as well as an ERC consolidator grant (number 770935). A. Wittje is supported by the DFG (SFB 1491).Peer reviewe