Room temperature mid-infrared InAsSbN multi-quantum well photodiodes grown by MBE

Room temperature photoresponse in the mid-infrared spectral region is demonstrated from InAsSbN/InAs multi-quantum well photodiodes grown by nitrogen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The structural quality of the InAsSbN MQWs was ascertained in situ by reflection high energy electron diffraction and ex situ by high resolution x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements. The extended long wavelength photoresponse is identified to originate from the electron–heavy hole (e1–hh1) and electron–light hole (e1–lh1) transitions in the InAsSbN MQW, with a cut off wavelength ~4.20 µm and peak detectivity D *  =  1.25  ×  109 cm Hz1/2 W−1

Reduced costs with bisoprolol treatment for heart failure - An economic analysis of the second Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS-II)

Background Beta-blockers, used as an adjunctive to diuretics, digoxin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, improve survival in chronic heart failure. We report a prospectively planned economic analysis of the cost of adjunctive beta-blocker therapy in the second Cardiac Insufficiency BIsoprolol Study (CIBIS II). Methods Resource utilization data (drug therapy, number of hospital admissions, length of hospital stay, ward type) were collected prospectively in all patients in CIBIS . These data were used to determine the additional direct costs incurred, and savings made, with bisoprolol therapy. As well as the cost of the drug, additional costs related to bisoprolol therapy were added to cover the supervision of treatment initiation and titration (four outpatient clinic/office visits). Per them (hospital bed day) costings were carried out for France, Germany and the U.K. Diagnosis related group costings were performed for France and the U.K. Our analyses took the perspective of a third party payer in France and Germany and the National Health Service in the U.K. Results Overall, fewer patients were hospitalized in the bisoprolol group, there were fewer hospital admissions perpatient hospitalized, fewer hospital admissions overall, fewer days spent in hospital and fewer days spent in the most expensive type of ward. As a consequence the cost of care in the bisoprolol group was 5-10% less in all three countries, in the per them analysis, even taking into account the cost of bisoprolol and the extra initiation/up-titration visits. The cost per patient treated in the placebo and bisoprolol groups was FF35 009 vs FF31 762 in France, DM11 563 vs DM10 784 in Germany and pound 4987 vs pound 4722 in the U.K. The diagnosis related group analysis gave similar results. Interpretation Not only did bisoprolol increase survival and reduce hospital admissions in CIBIS II, it also cut the cost of care in so doing. This `win-win' situation of positive health benefits associated with cost savings is Favourable from the point of view of both the patient and health care systems. These findings add further support for the use of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure

Implications of serial measurements of natriuretic peptides in heart failure: insights from BIOSTAT‐CHF

No abstract available

La chaîne verbale numérique et le dénombrement: Plus qu'une connaissance factuelle ?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Agir avec le nombre -- 6

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Comment les enfants de 5 ans traitent-ils des différences numériques

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Agir avec le nombre (le dénombrement, les comparaisons de quantité et les opérations)

Document vidéo pour les institutrices maternellesService Film de l'Organisation des Etudesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Les concepts de base à l'école maternelle

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Photoluminescence in InAsN epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

We report the study of photoluminescence ( PL) spectroscopy in InAsN epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. All the samples exhibit intense PL emission which persists up to room temperature. Low temperature PL spectra demonstrate double-peak emissions. The dependences of the PL spectra on temperature, laser excitation power and nitrogen composition were investigated. We identified that the short wavelength and long wavelength emissions originate from the band-band transition and the localized states-valence band transition, respectively. The direct observation of the band-band transition implies the high quality of the materials, and a band-gap energy reduction of similar to 63 meV at 4 K with 1% nitrogen incorporation was deduced