A Constructive Mathematic approach for Natural Language formal grammars

A mathematical description of natural language grammars has been proposed first by Leibniz. After the definition given by Frege of unsaturated expression and the foundation of a logical grammar by Husserl, the application of logic to treat natural language grammars in a computational way raised the interest of linguists, for example applying Lambek's categorial calculus. In recent years, the most consolidated formal grammars (e.g., Minimalism, HPSG, TAG, CCG, Dependency Grammars) began to show an interest in giving a strong psychological interpretation to the formalism and hence to natural language data on which they are applied. Nevertheless, no one seems to have paid much attention to cognitive linguistics, a branch of linguistics that actively uses concepts and results from cognitive sciences. Apparently unrelated, the study of computational concepts and formalisms has developed in pair with constructive formal systems, especially in the branch of logic called proof theory, see, e.g., the Curry-Howard isomorphism and the typed functional languages. In this paper, we want to bridge these worlds and thus present our natural language formalism, called Adpositional Grammars (AdGrams), that is founded over both cognitive linguistics and constructive mathematics

Constructive Conversation Analysis in psychotherapy: cognitive relevance of actants in terms of linguistic constructions

Pychotherapists produce pseudo-structured discourse with their clients that can be analysed with linguistics and pragmatics. Conversation Analysis is often qualitative, non-sistematic. The Therapeutic Cycles Model (TCM) uses ad-hoc software to perform textual analysis of psychoterapeutic transcripts, in order to elicit significant elements in the therapeutic interaction, but it does not consider linguistic constructions as units of analysis. Constructive Adpositional Grammars (CxAdGrams) are the ground for the Conversation Analysis so to fill the gap left by the TCM

The Minimal Levels of Abstraction in the History of Modern Computing

From the advent of general-purpose, Turing-complete machines, the relation between operators, programmers, and users with computers can be seen in terms of interconnected informational organisms (inforgs) henceforth analysed with the method of levels of abstraction (LoAs), risen within the Philosophy of Informa- tion (PI). In this paper, the epistemological levellism proposed by L. Floridi in the PI to deal with LoAs will be formalised in constructive terms using category the- ory, so that information itself is treated as structure-preserving functions instead of Cartesian products. The milestones in the history of modern computing are then analysed via constructive levellism to show how the growth of system complexity lead to more and more information hiding

Intergenerational Education for Social Inclusion and Solidarity: The Case Study of the EU Funded Project "Connecting Generations"

This paper reflects on lessons learned from a validated model of international collaboration based on research and practice. During the European Year for Active Ageing, a partnership of seven organizations from the European Union plus Turkey implemented the Lifelong Learning Programme partnership “Connecting Generations‘ which involved universities, non-governmental organizations, third age Universities and municipalities in collaboration with local communities. Reckoning that Europe has dramatically changed in its demographic composition and is facing brand new challenges regarding intergenerational and intercultural solidarity, each partner formulated and tested innovative and creative practices that could enhance better collaboration and mutual understanding between youth and senior citizens, toward a more inclusive Europe for all. Several innovative local practices have experimented, attentively systematized and peer-valuated among the partners. On the basis of a shared theoretical framework coherent with EU and Europe and Training 2020 Strategy, an action-research approach was adopted throughout the project in order to understand common features that have been replicated and scaled up since today

Dispositivo para a instalação de próteses dentárias suportadas por implantes, patenteado Simplified®

O sistema Simplified® refere-se a um dispositivo para instalação na cavidade oral de dentaduras com apoio sobre implantes, o qual é caracterizado pelo facto de compreender: - um pilar de uma forma tronco-cónica; - um elemento de vedação em forma retentiva para ser montado sobre o pilar; um elemento chamado matriz que pode ser de titânio ou de material plástico. Uma vez que o pilar está unido ao implante endo-ósseo com um parafuso principal, a componente vedante de retenção por meio de um encaixe de fixação é montado e incorporado na prótese dentária com criação de uma ligação versátil entre prótese e implante, universalmente adaptável a diferentes tipos de implantes e próteses já em uso com objetivo de padronizar o protocolo de colocação de prótese, de uma forma mais rápida, simples e com menos componentes. Até aos dias de hoje estes dispositivos foram produzidos num número limitado de protótipos com biomateriais adequados às características exigidas e necessárias para a obtenção dos requisitos de certificação CE para dispositivos médicos EN 1642: 2012 e de acordo com os procedimentos da directiva de fabricação EN 10451:2010. Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar as características únicas de design, os propósitos para o seu uso a fim de verificar as vantagens e desvantagens para a aplicação clínica através do uso dos desenhos contidos na especificação técnica da patente Simplified®.The Simplified® system is a device which is used for the insertion of implant-supported dental prostheses in the oral cavity. It has the following features: - a truncated abutment; - a retentive component designed to be fitted to the abutment - a cap which can be made from titanium or polymer. Once the abutment has been attached to the intra-bone implant with a primary screw, the retentive component is assembled and combined to the dental prosthesis through a snap fastener, creating a versatile connection between the implant and the prosthesis which is universally adaptable to various types of implants and prostheses available on the market today. To date, this device been produced in a limited number of prototypes, with biomaterials suited to the characteristics required for obtaining CE certification for medical devices EN 1642:2012 and in accordance with the manufacturing procedures outlined in directive EN 10451:2010. This short paper is intended to outline its particular design characteristics and its usage, in order to verify the advantages and disadvantages of its clinical application through the use of the designs contained in the technical dossier of the Simplified® patent

L'ordinamento locale svizzero tra profili tradizionali del federalismo e nuove istanze di decentramento

Affrontare, sia pure per sommi capi, il sistema di governo locale presente in Svizzera significa orientarsi in un ambito del tutto peculiare. Questo non solo per le particolarità di natura storica e politica che caratterizzano l'ordinamento elvetico nella sua interezza, ma anche perché le profonde differenze esistenti in ogni singola realtà locale finiscono, per forza di cose, con il rendere frammentaria qualsiasi disamina della situazione esistente. L'esigenza di muovere da un riferimento certo e conosciuto ci conduce così ad affrontare la tematica da una prospettiva che consideri come punto di partenza, oltre che il dettato costituzionale, la struttura federale nella sua globalità, considerato che la dottrina si orienta sempre più nel senso di intendere il federalismo come un processo suscettibile a essere affrontato non solo nell'ambito delle forme di Stato, ma anche sotto il profilo delle forme di governo, nella misura in cui investe l'allocazione della funzione di indirizzo politico, da un lato, e (anche se si tratta di una tematica ritenuta superata da taluno) il riparto di sovranità tra centro e periferia, dall'altro