The Effect of Adaptive Gain and Adaptive Momentum in Improving Training Time of Gradient Descent Back Propagation Algorithm on Classification Problems

The back propagation algorithm has been successfully applied to wide range of practical problems. Since this algorithm uses a gradient descent method, it has some limitations which are slow learning convergence velocity and easy convergence to local minima. The convergence behaviour of the back propagation algorithm depends on the choice of initial weights and biases, network topology, learning rate, momentum, activation function and value for the gain in the activation function. Previous researchers demonstrated that in ‘feed forward’ algorithm, the slope of the activation function is directly influenced by a parameter referred to as ‘gain’. This research proposed an algorithm for improving the performance of the current working back propagation algorithm which is Gradien Descent Method with Adaptive Gain by changing the momentum coefficient adaptively for each node. The influence of the adaptive momentum together with adaptive gain on the learning ability of a neural network is analysed. Multilayer feed forward neural networks have been assessed. Physical interpretation of the relationship between the momentum value, the learning rate and weight values is given. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is compared with conventional Gradient Descent Method and current Gradient Descent Method with Adaptive Gain was verified by means of simulation on three benchmark problems. In learning the patterns, the simulations result demonstrate that the proposed algorithm converged faster on Wisconsin breast cancer with an improvement ratio of nearly 1.8, 6.6 on Mushroom problem and 36% better on  Soybean data sets. The results clearly show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the learning speed of the current gradient descent back-propagatin algorithm

Digital Manipulation: Portraying the word Haram of smoking (Cigarette & e-Cigarette)

This paper explores the effectiveness of implementing image manipulation techniques and its capability to legitimize and portray the word Haram of smoking cigarettes and e-cigarettes, which was started in fatwa 1995 and 2015, through creative photography. It shows how creativity can be entrenched by adding the manipulation technique in photography and bringing different perspectives and directions to the viewers. The paper will define the ethics of implementing the manipulation technique in photography and study its requirements and impacts. It could help contrive anti-smoking advertisements that stated that smoking is Haram among Muslims. Keywords: Digital Manipulation, Fatwa Haram of Smoking, Cigarette, e-Cigarette eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7.383

Obesity among urban primary schoolchildren

Three urban public primary schools in the district of Petaling, Selangor were surveyed for obesity amongst the schoolchildren and factors related to it. The prevalence of obesity amongst primary schoolchildren, with the mean age of 8.91 years was 9.5%. In addition, it was more prevalent among the boys (p<0.05) as compared to the girls. However, there was no difference with regards to ethnicity, being breastfed, physical activity, time spent watching television or fast food intake in relation to obesity among these primary schoolchildren. A larger community study is required to determine if other specific factors and dietary energy intake are associated with obesity amongst primary schoolchildren, especially in rural or less urbanised regions

Corporate internet reporting within Malaysian economic sectors

Corporate Internet Reporting (CIR) is the communication process between corporation and stakeholders via the Internet medium. The Malaysian economy in 2015 was ranked 14th in the world and 5th in countries with a population exceeding 20 million, is one of the most competitive countries in the world. The use of CIR by Malaysian corporations in diverse economic sectors is considered as a precondition for success. This study looks into the elements of CIR practice by 310 publicly listed Malaysian corporations across various economic sectors. In addition, the influence drivers for CIR practiced by the corporations has also been examined. In measuring the level of CIR in use, this study has developed a CIR index with 41 attributes. Data was gathered for a period of three months and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression method. The results revealed that the level of CIR practiced by Malaysian corporations varies across economic sectors, with certain sectors dominating the level of practice in specific CIR categories. Size, profitability and economic sector are significant in determining the CIR practice of corporations. Finally, the study contributes to the knowledge pertaining to CIR in Malaysia as it examines the actual level of CIR practiced by corporations in various economic sectors

Education and Human Development: Appointment, Promotion, and Tenure Documentation

2005 Appointment, Promotion, and Tenure Documentation for the Department of Education and Human Development at the SUNY College at Brockport

Recent advances in food biopeptides: production, biological functionalities and therapeutic applications

The growing momentum of several common life-style diseases such as myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disorders, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis has become a serious global concern. Recent developments in the field of proteomics offering promising solutions to solving such health problems stimulates the uses of biopeptides as one of the therapeutic agents to alleviate disease-related risk factors. Functional peptides are typically produced from protein via enzymatic hydrolysis under in vitro or in vivo conditions using different kinds of proteolytic enzymes. An array of biological activities, including antioxidative, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and immunomodulating has been ascribed to different types of biopeptides derived from various food sources. In fact, biopeptides are nutritionally and functionally important for regulating some physiological functions in the body; however, these are yet to be extensively addressed with regard to their production through advance strategies, mechanisms of action and multiple biological functionalities. This review mainly focuses on recent biotechnological advances that are being made in the field of production in addition to covering the mode of action and biological activities, medicinal health functions and therapeutic applications of biopeptides. State-of-the-art strategies that can ameliorate the efficacy, bioavailability, and functionality of biopeptides along with their future prospects are likewise discussed

Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder: A rare cause of haematuria in a young girl

Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder is rare. In the paediatric group, this condition is even more rare. To date only five cases have been reported in the English literature. Due to its rarity, the morphology and biological behaviour are still uncertain. We report a case of inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder in a 12-year-old girl who presented with recurrent haematuria. The patient’s symptoms resolved after endoscopic resection with no recurrence on cystoscopy surveillance for last two years. The magnetic resonance imaging features of this lesion are described

Configurations of memristor-based APUF for improved performance

The memristor-based arbiter PUF (APUF) has great potential to be used for hardware security purposes. Its advantage is in its challenge-dependent delays, which cannot be modeled by machine learning algorithms. In this paper, further improvement is proposed, which are circuit configurations to the memristor-based APUF. Two configuration aspects were introduced namely varying the number of memristor per transistor, and the number of challenge and response bits. The purpose of the configurations is to introduce additional variation to the PUF, thereby improve PUF performance in terms of uniqueness, uniformity, and bit-aliasing; as well as resistance against support vector machine (SVM). Monte Carlo simulations were carried out on 180 nm and 130 nm, where both CMOS technologies have produced uniqueness, uniformity, and bit-aliasing values close to the ideal 50%; as well as SVM prediction accuracies no higher than 52.3%, therefore indicating excellent PUF performance