The challenges for family law and family rigths in the changing european societies

Family Law and family rights are, without doubt, currently undergoing changes in that underlying values have been inverted. Major differences can however be observed and different models prevail in the contemporary States. There are four separate options, in fact, according to whether one adopts a view based on liberalism/authoritarianism or on egalitarianism/non-egalitarianism: the absolute nuclear family, the egalitarian nuclear family, the birth family and the community family. Family Law and family rights can be said to revolve around these principles. This essay therefore examines equality with regard to drafting legislation in the light of both dimensions and considers the current tendency to specify the rights of the family. The essay concludes with an analysis of some of those rights and setting out the cultural and ideological, political and economic issues that necessarily serve to question the subject of this study.Project Consolider-Ingenio 2010 “The Age of the Rights”, CSD2008-0000

Aspectos e implicaciones de una interpretación integral-material de los derechos fundamentales

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La relación entre los derechos fundamentales y el poder

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The levels at which substantive equality operates in the context of a complex understanding of equality

En el presente trabajo me ocuparé de los distintos planos en los que se desenvuelve la igualdad material. Primeramente, investigaré los problemas semánticos y prácticos del citado concepto en el contexto de una comprensión compleja de la igualdad, junto a las obligaciones que corresponden a los poderes públicos en el ámbito de su realización. Acto seguido, examinaré el discurso de la igualdad material, esclareciendo sus niveles de interacción y superación de la igualdad formal. Por último, analizaré las técnicas de igualdad de trato material como equiparación y como diferenciación para obtener una igualdad real y efectiva, a la vez que estudiaré cómo juegan los valores de la libertad, la igualdad y la solidaridad, llegando a la conclusión de que la discriminación positiva es uno de los instrumentos indispensables para la consecución de la igualdad material.This work deals with the various levels at which substantive equality operates. First, I investigate the semantic and practical problems of this concept in the context of a complex understanding of equality, together with the duties corresponding to the public authorities in the field of its implementation. Secondly, I examine the discourse of substantive equality, clarifying the levels at which it interacts and supersedes formal equality. Finally, I analyse techniques for obtaining equality of substantive treatment, and at the same time I study how the values of freedom, equality and solidarity play their part, and reach the conclusion that positive discrimination is one of the essential instruments for obtaining substantive equality

Arguments For and Against Social Rights*

Abstract I investigate the semantic and practical complexity of social rights, together with the obligations which correspond to the public authorities in terms of putting them into practice. I also discuss the role of meaningful economic equality in the discourse of social rights, explaining the points at which the two concepts interact, and the ways that formal equality can be improved. Finally, I reach the conclusion that there are two distinct meanings of the concept of discrimination, one which is equivalent to any violation of the general principal of equality, and another stricter one, which is the infringement of equality when any of the proscribed diff erentiating factors are present (race, sex, etc.). e legal aspect of the mandate to exercise and guarantee social rights is manifest in the programmed objective, as well as in the fact that the measures aimed at this objective are protected from the possibility of compliance. In this way, social rights constitute subjective rights, representing a programme through which goods would be distributed evenly among public, collective and private interests. is results in a singular structure with a special mechanism by which the State has to provide assistance and services, and create, strengthen and promote the conditions allowing individuals and groups to satisfy their needs. us their obligations are also related to the prerequisites for exercising positive liberty. e main point of departure is that individuals are moral subjects endowed with dignity. It defends the idea that we all have real capacity for choice and that we all direct our existence towards certain aims in life

Criterios para la solución de conflictos de intereses en derecho privado

La presente tesis se centra en el estudio de las soluciones posibles en el campo de los conflictos planteados por incumplimiento de obligaciones bilaterales, a la vez que de los fundamentos de discrecionalidad y equidad en los que se apoyan. Lo que se intenta poner de manifiesto, conforme al concepto del derecho, es que las soluciones previstas en la letra de la norma sean las posibilidades técnicas más probables y generales para obtener el fin buscado. Pero se estima que las soluciones determinadas en la letra de la ley nunca deben cerrar el paso a otras posibilidades, aunque sean menos probables y generales, puesto que la tarea ultima de la actividad jurídica no debe ser confundida con el inmediato cumplimiento normativo, sino que debe ser una mediación posible hacia el resultado ultimo de la intervención judicial.Depto. de Derecho Internacional, Eclesiástico y Filosofía del DerechoFac. de DerechoTRUEpu

Study of the Briquetting Process of Walnut Shells for Pyrolysis and Combustion

Walnut shells can be used as fuels in power plants directly or as biochars obtained by pyrolysis or torrefaction. They are an example of clean waste biomass which shows a low ash content and a high Net Calorific Value, making them excellent for energy recovery in industrial and non-industrial applications, such as in bakeries, restaurants, and homes. Their main inconvenience is their low bulk density. Densification is a possible solution that reduces the costs of transportation, handling, and storage. In this work, after the characterization of the walnut shells, briquettes were obtained using a hydraulic piston press briquette machine under different conditions to find the best quality without the need for previous grinding for pelletizing. This method features easy operation and maintenance, and the briquette shape could be adapted as desired. The quality of the briquettes was measured through their density and durability. After fixing a compaction pressure to obtain acceptable briquettes, the factors affecting their quality were studied: operating temperature, moisture content, and the presence of small amounts of walnuts. Good quality briquettes were obtained with a compaction pressure of 66 MPa, with densities around 1040 kg/m3, and durabilities higher than 94% when the process was carried at 140 °C. The greatest increase in durability was observed between briquettes obtained at room temperature and those obtained at 80 °C. The presence of small amounts of walnuts, common after the shelling process, improved the durability. Although water is necessary, briquettes obtained from biomass with only 1% of moisture showed better durabilities. Therefore, walnut shells are suitable for obtaining good quality briquettes according to the specifications of solid biofuels established in the standards, without the need for any pretreatment.This research was funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) [grant number AEI/10.13039/501100011033], by the University of Alicante [grant number UAUSTI21-03] and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competividad [Research Project CTQ2016-76608-R]

The Possibilities of Kinect as an Access Device for People with Cerebral Palsy A Preliminary Study

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a general term for a group of permanent, nonprogressive movement disorders that cause physical disability in development, mainly in the areas of body movement but it might also affect intellectual capabilities. Among all this diversity of profiles, we find that, for some of them, access to a computer application is almost impossible in spite of the great variety of commercial devices based of different technologies. Kinect might be a viable possibility in order to facilitate access to games and computer applications that help users improve their skills or communication

Development of Photonic Multi-Sensing Systems Based on Molecular Gates Biorecognition and Plasmonic Sensors: The PHOTONGATE Project

[EN] This paper presents the concept of a novel adaptable sensing solution currently being developed under the EU Commission-founded PHOTONGATE project. This concept will allow for the quantification of multiple analytes of the same or different nature (chemicals, metals, bacteria, etc.) in a single test with levels of sensitivity and selectivity at/or over those offered by current solutions. PHOTONGATE relies on two core technologies: a biochemical technology (molecular gates), which will confer the specificity and, therefore, the capability to be adaptable to the analyte of interest, and which, combined with porous substrates, will increase the sensitivity, and a photonic technology based on localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) structures that serve as transducers for light interaction. Both technologies are in the micron range, facilitating the integration of multiple sensors within a small area (mm2). The concept will be developed for its application in health diagnosis and food safety sectors. It is thought of as an easy-to-use modular concept, which will consist of the sensing module, mainly of a microfluidics cartridge that will house the photonic sensor, and a platform for fluidic handling, optical interrogation, and signal processing. The platform will include a new optical concept, which is fully European Union Made, avoiding optical fibers and expensive optical components.The micro-nanofabrication capabilities required in the PHOTONGATE project- 101093042 are funded by the Pluri-Regional FEDER funding Plan 2014-2020 European Commission. This research project has received funding from the European Union¿s HORIZON-CL4-2022 research and innovation programme under grant agreement ID 101093042, PHOTONGATE projectNieves-Paniagua, Ó.; Ortiz De Zárate-Díaz, D.; Aznar, E.; Caballos-Gómez, MI.; Garrido-García, EM.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Dortu, F.... (2023). Development of Photonic Multi-Sensing Systems Based on Molecular Gates Biorecognition and Plasmonic Sensors: The PHOTONGATE Project. Sensors. 23(20):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208548113232