Network human capital formation in the conditions of digital transformation of economy

The article reveals the pattern of network human capital formation. Network human capital has been proved to be closely connected and conditioned by digital transformation. On this basis, the relationship between network human capital formation and digital human capital has been substantiated. The purpose of the article is to consider a number of basic theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations in the field of analysis of network human capital formation. Based on the analysis of a number of key studies in the area, it has been concluded that in the modern network economy, network human capital is determined by one of the most important strategic assets of organizations. It has been proposed to use the methodology of the Network Readiness Index to quantify network human capital. The theoretical and practical value of the proposed approach lies in the application of a methodology that gives priority to the human factor of network readiness and reflects the impact of individuals’ choices regarding technologies and management methods on innovative networks creation in the process of innovative technologies development and implementation. The emerging concept of network human capital is aimed at overcoming the digital inequality and using the Internet to implement positive social changes. This concept considers digital education in the context of the formation of an active socio-political position of human influence on society development

Comprehensive management of innovative development based on an integrated model of intellectual capital

The article puts forward a position according to which the achievement of effective innovation management is ensured by the balanced development of human, social, reputational and digital capital, leading to the formation of innovative capital. The relevance of the study is due to the global challenge of our time, which consists in the fact that an effective strategy for managing innovation and developing innovative capital is the basis for the formation of competitive advantages of national economies and firms. The aim of the research is to develop an integrated model of intellectual capital, which forms an up-to-date idea of its structure and clarifies the relationship between its components. The developed integrated model of intellectual capital substantiates the need to implement the integrated management of social, reputational, digital and innovative capital for the purpose of innovative development in modern conditions. The article reveals the mutual influence of human, social, reputational and innovative capital, as well as the formation of network human capital on this basis. As the main methodological principles and methods for studying innovative capital and other types of intangible capital as endogenous factors in managing innovative development, it is proposed to use the concepts of intellectual, social and reputational capital, the concepts of digital transformation and the principles of creating a creative environment. The integration of the methods of scientific knowledge used in these theories makes it possible to develop the concept of innovative capital. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of interaction of social, reputational and digital human capital as components of network human capital, leading to the development of innovative capital. The novelty of the research lies in the developed model of connections between intellectual, human, social, reputational, digital capital and innovation capital. The authors substantiate the position according to which the traditional structure of intellectual capital hides the direct impact of human capital on other components of intellectual capital. As a basic element of intellectual capital, human capital not only plays an important role in the development and creation of new ideas and knowledge; it also promotes the development of social capital and the exchange of knowledge and ideas. The main conclusions of the work include: organizations with more developed human capital, participating in social networks and led by innovative leaders, adapt faster to the challenges of the innovative environment; invest in the formation of new skills and competencies of employees, which generates opportunities for the creation and implementation of large-scale innovations, the accelerated promotion of which is facilitated by the use of new network and digital technologies for the innovative development of the economy. The developed integrated model of intellectual capital is aimed at forming an actual representation of its structure and clarifies the relationship between its components. The results obtained are of great importance for practical management in the context of managing the innovative development of an organization

Influence of permafrost microorganisms on morphophysiological indicators of spring wheat

Biologically active compounds on the basis of highly efficient strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus are currently being sought for to increase the yield of grain crops in the North. There is a number of biological products available, including those based on bacteria in the genus Bacillus (Phytosporin-M, Bactofit, Gamair, Integral, and other). However, the effectiveness of these drugs in the northern regions may be reduced, because the activity of introduced microorganisms depends on their adaptability in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane. This article describes the effect of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in permafrost on the morphological and physiological indicators of seedlings of soft spring wheat variety Irgina. These indicators are germination energy, laboratory seed germination, length and wet weight of roots and shoots of seedlings, as well as the length of coleoptile and number of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoid in the pigment extract from the plant material. It has been demonstrated that germination and morphometric parameters were significantly higher following exposure to Bacillus strains in permafrost than following treatment with the current strain of Phytosporin-M. It is likely that in the process of swelling of seeds (during their preplant treatment) Bacillus bacteria reach the caryopsis with water and begin to cleave spare nutrients actively, making them easier accessible for assimilation by seedlings. It is proposed that the increase in morphophysiological indicators of spring wheat variety Irgina is also a consequence of stimulation of the photosynthesis system and, consequently, an increased efficiency of absorption of light energy. Considering how differently different strains of bacteria isolated from permafrost influence the morphological and physiological and biochemical parameters of the plant, it appears that these strains or their combinations can be used for the development of biologics ensuring a comprehensive effect

Review of properties of magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys and MSM actuator designs

Magnetic shape memory alloys are a new group of "smart" materials that exhibit large strain of 6-12% when subjected to magnetic fields. This indicates their enormous potential to be used in different electromagnetic (EM) devices such as actuators, sensors, energy harvesters and dampers. Shape change in MSM materials is controlled by magnetic field and doesn't involve phase transformation, allowing it to overcome a number of disadvantages of conventional shape memory alloys (SMAs). MSM devices are capable of producing large force and stroke output in considerably small dimensions. At the same time they can have fast response and potentially very long lifetime. This paper discusses different modern designs and approaches to MSM actuator design with their advantages and disadvantages. An overview on characteristics of MSM alloys is also presented in order to highlight how different properties of the material influence the total output of a device

Formation of students' scientific thinking based on the learning of methods of the substance analysis

Introduction. In Federal State Standards of the Higher Education (FSS HE) of the natural-science and technical specialties and also in a number of the corresponding professional standards, the competence in the field of analytical chemistry is specified as one of the main qualification characteristics of an expert/university graduate. It is caused by interdisciplinarity of analytical chemistry and a wide range of application of analysis methods which are used today not only directly on chemical production, but also in power engineering, construction engineering, metallurgy, materials science, standardization, certification, and many other spheres. At the current time, however, there is a big gap between achievements of chemical science and content of high school discipline that reduces quality of staff training demanded in labour market. This discrepancy is caused both by preservation of traditional methodology of teaching chemistry and the reasons of the methodical plan. The aim of the publication is to search for more effective and productive ways of mastering the educational material that is relevant for acquiring the qualifications required from the university graduate. Methodology and research methods. Methodological framework of the article involves the concepts of chemical and natural-science education at the higher school; the principles of the system-based, cognitive, practice-focused and competence-based training. Results and scientific novelty. On the basis of the review and generalization of scientific and methodological resources on the theory and practice of application of the analysis methods of substances from didactic positions, a number of these methods have been singled out and compared; their role and features in determination of a molecule structure and other characteristics of an individual substance and its solutions have been shown. Despite the fact that the work is carried out using known methods of analysis, such a generalization makes it possible to more clearly understand the principles of the choice of a method and the method importance according to the purposes and specifics of the studied object that is essential for formation of research skills during training, as well as for formation of scientific thinking and the required qualification acquisition by graduates of the natural-science and technical specialties. In order to update the acquired knowledge, the examples illustrating applied use of various analysis methods in modern research and production practice have been collected. Tables have been made for a faster perception of the material by methods of analysis for the purpose of an informed choice of the method. Reliance on the principle of tabular collection of material makes it easier to understand the individuality of the method; allows teachers to reduce their workload; and on the part of students, to shorten the time and simplify the procedure of choosing the method of chemical, physicochemical and/or physical analysis. Practical significance. The work is compiled in accordance with the State General Educational Standards of Higher Professional Education, and can be recommended to practising and beginning teachers of higher education institutions, as well as graduate students of chemical specialties. The materials presented in the article can assist in designing the curricula of chemical disciplines or modules of educational programs. © 2018 Obrazovanie i Nauka. All rights reserved

ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ И СТРУКТУРНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ФОТОКАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ZnO

Optical, structural and catalytic properties of Al-dopped ZnO-based photocatalysts were investigated. The hydrothermal synthesis was used to synthesize the catalysts. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma was applied to treat the synthesized samples. The performance of plasma-treated and untreated catalysts was compared with that of commercially available catalysts. The photocatalytic activity, expressed in terms of the rate of photodegradation of methyl orange, was 3.6 times higher for synthesized samples than that for commercial catalyst. The photocatalytic activity was up to 60 % higher for the plasmatreated samples than for the untreated ones. Исследованы оптические, структурные и каталитические свойства допированных атомами алюминия (Al) фотокатализаторов на основе оксида цинка (ZnO), которые получены методом гидротермального синтеза. Проведено сравнение каталитической активности синтезированных фотокатализаторов до и после обработки в плазме диэлектрического барьерного разряда с активностью промышленно полученного порошка ZnO. Показано, что эффективность реакции фотодеградации метилового оранжевого (МО), выраженная в терминах константы реакции МО, для синтезированных фотокатализаторов выше в 3,6 раза, чем для промышленного образца, и увеличивается приблизительно на 60 % после обработки фотокатализаторов в плазме.

Structuring Multidimensional Data in the Study of the Development of Information Society in Russian Regions

In the article, the authors present the results of the analysis of the structure of multidimensional data on the factors of use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for the development of the information society in the Russian Federation. We chose the subjects of the Russian Federation as the objects of observations, and the average annual values of the corresponding factors of monitoring the development of the information society in the Russian Federation for the period from 2010 to 2017 as the factors of each object of observations. The study was carried out to reduce the set of factors of ICT use in the subjects of the Russian Federation and identify their structure. The analysis of the structure of factors is carried out by applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, implemented by the authors in the integrated development environment Rstudio. Through the use of the PCA method, we identified the structure of the initial factors of ICT use for the development of the information society in the Russian Federation and made their reduction. Then, we showed that the identified factor loads have specific semantic interpretations that consolidate the links of individual factors of ICT use for the development of the information society in the Russian Federation. The factor analysis carried out by us proves the effectiveness of the DCA method in research on the development of digitalisation of the regions of the Russian Federation for structuring the initial data and qualitative interpretation of the results. We have proved that factor loadings revealed employing the application of a method of RSA have the deterministic economic sense