72 research outputs found
Efficient 3D numerical prediction of the pressure wave generated by high-speed trains entering tunnels
International audienceThe topic of this paper is to present a new methodology for the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the entrance of high-speed trains in a tunnel. The movement of the train is made thanks to a technique of sliding meshes and a conservative treatment of the faces between two domains. All parts of the development are thought with the aim to reduce the computational time. In particular, non reflecting boundary conditions for non-structured three-dimensional meshes are developed in order to limit the calculation domain. Validations of the methodology are presented on different test cases
Structural signatures of igneous sheet intrusion propagation
The geometry and distribution of planar igneous bodies (i.e. sheet intrusions), such as dykes, sills, and inclined sheets, has long been used to determine emplacement mechanics, define melt source locations, and reconstruct palaeostress conditions to shed light on various tectonic and magmatic processes. Since the 1970âs we have recognised that sheet intrusions do not necessarily display a continuous, planar geometry, but commonly consist of segments.
The morphology of these segments and their connectors is controlled by, and provide insights into, the behaviour of the host rock during emplacement. For example, tensile brittle fracturing leads to the formation of intrusive steps or bridge structures between adjacent segments. In contrast, brittle shear faulting, cataclastic and ductile flow processes, as well as heat-induced viscous flow or fluidization, promotes magma finger development. Textural indicators of magma flow (e.g., rock fabrics) reveal that segments are aligned parallel to the initial sheet propagation direction. Recognising and mapping segment long axes thus allows melt source location hypotheses, derived from sheet distribution and orientation, to be robustly tested. Despite the information that can be obtained from these structural signatures of sheet intrusion propagation, they are largely overlooked by the structural and volcanological communities. To highlight their utility, we briefly review the formation of sheet intrusion segments, discuss how they inform interpretations of magma emplacement, and outline future research directions.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse
Zoonotic Viruses Associated with Illegally Imported Wildlife Products
The global trade in wildlife has historically contributed to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. The United States is the world's largest importer of wildlife and wildlife products, yet minimal pathogen surveillance has precluded assessment of the health risks posed by this practice. This report details the findings of a pilot project to establish surveillance methodology for zoonotic agents in confiscated wildlife products. Initial findings from samples collected at several international airports identified parts originating from nonhuman primate (NHP) and rodent species, including baboon, chimpanzee, mangabey, guenon, green monkey, cane rat and rat. Pathogen screening identified retroviruses (simian foamy virus) and/or herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus and lymphocryptovirus) in the NHP samples. These results are the first demonstration that illegal bushmeat importation into the United States could act as a conduit for pathogen spread, and suggest that implementation of disease surveillance of the wildlife trade will help facilitate prevention of disease emergence
2022 Roadmap on integrated quantum photonics
AbstractIntegrated photonics will play a key role in quantum systems as they grow from few-qubit prototypes to tens of thousands of qubits. The underlying optical quantum technologies can only be realized through the integration of these components onto quantum photonic integrated circuits (QPICs) with accompanying electronics. In the last decade, remarkable advances in quantum photonic integration have enabled table-top experiments to be scaled down to prototype chips with improvements in efficiency, robustness, and key performance metrics. These advances have enabled integrated quantum photonic technologies combining up to 650 optical and electrical components onto a single chip that are capable of programmable quantum information processing, chip-to-chip networking, hybrid quantum system integration, and high-speed communications. In this roadmap article, we highlight the status, current and future challenges, and emerging technologies in several key research areas in integrated quantum photonics, including photonic platforms, quantum and classical light sources, quantum frequency conversion, integrated detectors, and applications in computing, communications, and sensing. With advances in materials, photonic design architectures, fabrication and integration processes, packaging, and testing and benchmarking, in the next decade we can expect a transition from single- and few-function prototypes to large-scale integration of multi-functional and reconfigurable devices that will have a transformative impact on quantum information science and engineering
BoletĂn Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo: NĂșmero 38 - 1926 febrero 17
This project is concerned with the process of initiating layout changes in a New Zealand business. The business that is being investigated, Cableways, operates a bar, a bottle store, a bistro and a gaming room. The bar and gaming room are the focus of this report in with regards to layout changes.
The process started with detailed planning and evaluation of the existing setting. A layout primitive was initially constructed that provided an insight into the current layout of the business. A model was then used to facilitate changes in layout. It began with establishing the likely future considerations that will impact on the operation of the business. The physical functions and their needs are determined from the layout primitive. The space requirements of each function are analysed before the relationship between the patrons that use them is discussed.
Using the original layout primitive of Cableways, and the information gathered above, four different designs were constructed. All four provided different scenarios of layout plans, with the aim of improving current layout. They were evaluated on their ability to meet certain requirements, and the most appropriate design was chosen. It is from this process that option three is recommended for the final step of the process, populating the layout.
There are three reasons why option three has been chosen. Firstly it better satisfies the needs of Cableways when compared to the other options. Secondly it meets the three critical aspects of layout decisions suggested in the literature of planning that is strategic, and in unison with the operations strategy. Thirdly the potential benefits to be gained from this option far out weigh the remaining three.
The design of option three (provided in figure 8) needs to be accurately reproduced to represent measurements and scale. From this a feasibility study can be undertaken to determine whether the option is suitable. If such a study does not identify any problems with the design, then it is recommended that construction begin at a time that is most suitable. The resulting changes should lead to a competitive advantage for Cableways.UnpublishedAvkiran, N. K. (1999). Quality customer service demands human contact. The
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StratĂ©gie vĂ©gĂ©tale dâinhibition biologique de la dĂ©nitrification (BDI) : rĂŽle dans lâamĂ©lioration de la croissance et de la nutrition des plantes
To meet the needs of human populations, agriculture is increasingly intensive, using a very large number of nitrogen fertilizers to increase yields. These fertilizers are used because nitrogen is one of the most important and limiting factors for plant growth. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate is subject to pollution problems that can affect the environment and human health. The challenges for tomorrow's agriculture are therefore to face an ever-increasing population, while limiting the impact on our environment. This is why research and agriculture are increasingly questioning the use of other products such as biostimulants or inhibitors, in order to limit inputs while maintaining a viable productivity rate. One solution would be to act on soil microorganisms linked to the nitrogen cycle in order to limit nitrogen losses from agrosystems through greenhouse gas (N2O) emissions, leaching and/or volatilization. Indeed, in soils, nitrate is also used by so-called denitrifying bacteria, which reduce it to N2O (greenhouse gases) and N2, representing a loss of nitrogen for crops and an increase in air pollution. As a result, plants compete directly with these bacteria for the assimilation of nitrate. Recently, the supervising team of this thesis has highlighted a strategy developed by some plants consisting of the production of secondary metabolites: procyanidins, which inhibit the denitrification of soil microbial communities. Procyanidins have the ability to inhibit the first step of denitrification in denitrifying bacteria, transforming nitrate into nitrite and thus preventing the use of nitrate, without however exerting an antibacterial effect. This strategy therefore preserves the nitrate in the soil, which can then be used by plants for their nutrition and growth. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of the application of exogenous procyanidins at several field concentrations on a plant model of economic interest, lettuce, as well as on different soil types. These effects have also been tested on another model of economic interest that consumes nitrogen, celery. During these experiments, measurements were made on (i) microbial denitrification activity, (ii) plant traits related to growth and (iii) the abundance of denitrifying bacterial communities. Our results show an induction of a BDI in the field, a conservation of nitrate inducing in turn an improvement in plant growth and a counter-selection by the plant of denitrifiers. The other point addressed, which was rather fundamental but less successful due to a lack of time, was to highlight, via the use of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants affected in the production of procyanidins or overproducing procyanidins, a return to the plant of nitrogen diverted following the BDIPour rĂ©pondre aux besoins des populations humaines, l'agriculture est de plus en plus intensive, utilisant un trĂšs grand nombre d'engrais azotĂ©s pour augmenter les rendements. Ces engrais sont utilisĂ©s parce que l'azote est l'un des facteurs les plus important et limitant pour la croissance des plantes. Lâazote sous forme de nitrate est soumis Ă des problĂ©matiques de pollutions pouvant affecter lâenvironnement ainsi que la santĂ© humaine. Les dĂ©fis de l'agriculture de demain sont donc de faire face Ă une population toujours plus nombreuse, tout en limitant l'impact sur notre environnement. Câest pour cela que la recherche et lâagriculture se questionnent de plus en plus sur lâutilisation dâautres produits comme les biostimulants ou des inhibiteurs, afin de limiter les intrants tout en conservant un taux de productivitĂ© viable. Une solution consisterait Ă agir sur les microorganismes du sol liĂ©s au cycle de lâazote afin de limiter les pertes des agrosystĂšmes en azote via le dĂ©gagement de gaz Ă effet de serre (N2O), de lessivage ou/et de volatilisation. En effet, dans les sols, le nitrate est Ă©galement utilisĂ© par les bactĂ©ries dites dĂ©nitrifiantes qui le rĂ©duisent en N2O (gaz Ă effet de serre) et N2, reprĂ©sentant alors une perte dâazote pour les cultures et une augmentation de la pollution atmosphĂ©rique. Par consĂ©quent, les plantes sont en compĂ©tition directe avec ces bactĂ©ries pour l'assimilation du nitrate. RĂ©cemment, lâĂ©quipe encadrante de cette thĂšse a mis en Ă©vidence une stratĂ©gie dĂ©veloppĂ©e par certaines plantes consistant en la production de mĂ©tabolites secondaires : les procyanidines, qui inhibent la dĂ©nitrification des communautĂ©s microbiennes du sol. Les procyanidines ont la capacitĂ© dâinhiber, chez les bactĂ©ries dĂ©nitrifiantes, la premiĂšre Ă©tape de la dĂ©nitrification transformant le nitrate en nitrite et ainsi dâempĂȘcher lâutilisation du nitrate, sans toutefois exercer un effet antibactĂ©rien. Cette stratĂ©gie permet de conserver par consĂ©quent le nitrate dans le sol, celui-ci pouvant alors ĂȘtre utilisĂ© par les plantes pour leur nutrition et leur croissance. Lâobjectif principal de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© dâĂ©valuer lâeffet de lâapplication de procyanidines exogĂšnes Ă plusieurs concentrations en champs sur un modĂšle de plante dâintĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique, la laitue, ainsi que sur diffĂ©rents types de sols. Ces effets ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s sur un autre modĂšle dâintĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique consommatrice dâazote, le cĂ©leri. Au cours de ces expĂ©rimentations, des mesures ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur (i) lâactivitĂ© microbienne de dĂ©nitrification, (ii) les traits vĂ©gĂ©taux en lien avec la croissance et (iii) lâabondance des communautĂ©s bactĂ©riennes dĂ©nitrifiantes. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent une induction d'un BDI en champs, une conservation du nitrate induisant Ă son tour une amĂ©lioration de la croissance des vĂ©gĂ©taux et une contre sĂ©lection par la plante des dĂ©nitrifiants. Lâautre point abordĂ©, plutĂŽt fondamental mais qui a moins abouti faute de temps, consistait Ă mettre en Ă©vidence via lâutilisation de mutants dâArabidopsis thaliana affectĂ©s dans la production des procyanidines ou surproduisant les procyanidines, un retour vers la plante de lâazote dĂ©tournĂ© suite au BD
Biological Denitrification Inhibition (BDI) in the field : a plant strategy to improve plant nutrition and growth
Pour rĂ©pondre aux besoins des populations humaines, l'agriculture est de plus en plus intensive, utilisant un trĂšs grand nombre d'engrais azotĂ©s pour augmenter les rendements. Ces engrais sont utilisĂ©s parce que l'azote est l'un des facteurs les plus important et limitant pour la croissance des plantes. Lâazote sous forme de nitrate est soumis Ă des problĂ©matiques de pollutions pouvant affecter lâenvironnement ainsi que la santĂ© humaine. Les dĂ©fis de l'agriculture de demain sont donc de faire face Ă une population toujours plus nombreuse, tout en limitant l'impact sur notre environnement. Câest pour cela que la recherche et lâagriculture se questionnent de plus en plus sur lâutilisation dâautres produits comme les biostimulants ou des inhibiteurs, afin de limiter les intrants tout en conservant un taux de productivitĂ© viable. Une solution consisterait Ă agir sur les microorganismes du sol liĂ©s au cycle de lâazote afin de limiter les pertes des agrosystĂšmes en azote via le dĂ©gagement de gaz Ă effet de serre (N2O), de lessivage ou/et de volatilisation. En effet, dans les sols, le nitrate est Ă©galement utilisĂ© par les bactĂ©ries dites dĂ©nitrifiantes qui le rĂ©duisent en N2O (gaz Ă effet de serre) et N2, reprĂ©sentant alors une perte dâazote pour les cultures et une augmentation de la pollution atmosphĂ©rique. Par consĂ©quent, les plantes sont en compĂ©tition directe avec ces bactĂ©ries pour l'assimilation du nitrate. RĂ©cemment, lâĂ©quipe encadrante de cette thĂšse a mis en Ă©vidence une stratĂ©gie dĂ©veloppĂ©e par certaines plantes consistant en la production de mĂ©tabolites secondaires : les procyanidines, qui inhibent la dĂ©nitrification des communautĂ©s microbiennes du sol. Les procyanidines ont la capacitĂ© dâinhiber, chez les bactĂ©ries dĂ©nitrifiantes, la premiĂšre Ă©tape de la dĂ©nitrification transformant le nitrate en nitrite et ainsi dâempĂȘcher lâutilisation du nitrate, sans toutefois exercer un effet antibactĂ©rien. Cette stratĂ©gie permet de conserver par consĂ©quent le nitrate dans le sol, celui-ci pouvant alors ĂȘtre utilisĂ© par les plantes pour leur nutrition et leur croissance. Lâobjectif principal de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© dâĂ©valuer lâeffet de lâapplication de procyanidines exogĂšnes Ă plusieurs concentrations en champs sur un modĂšle de plante dâintĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique, la laitue, ainsi que sur diffĂ©rents types de sols. Ces effets ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s sur un autre modĂšle dâintĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique consommatrice dâazote, le cĂ©leri. Au cours de ces expĂ©rimentations, des mesures ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur (i) lâactivitĂ© microbienne de dĂ©nitrification, (ii) les traits vĂ©gĂ©taux en lien avec la croissance et (iii) lâabondance des communautĂ©s bactĂ©riennes dĂ©nitrifiantes. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent une induction d'un BDI en champs, une conservation du nitrate induisant Ă son tour une amĂ©lioration de la croissance des vĂ©gĂ©taux et une contre sĂ©lection par la plante des dĂ©nitrifiants. Lâautre point abordĂ©, plutĂŽt fondamental mais qui a moins abouti faute de temps, consistait Ă mettre en Ă©vidence via lâutilisation de mutants dâArabidopsis thaliana affectĂ©s dans la production des procyanidines ou surproduisant les procyanidines, un retour vers la plante de lâazote dĂ©tournĂ© suite au BDITo meet the needs of human populations, agriculture is increasingly intensive, using a very large number of nitrogen fertilizers to increase yields. These fertilizers are used because nitrogen is one of the most important and limiting factors for plant growth. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate is subject to pollution problems that can affect the environment and human health. The challenges for tomorrow's agriculture are therefore to face an ever-increasing population, while limiting the impact on our environment. This is why research and agriculture are increasingly questioning the use of other products such as biostimulants or inhibitors, in order to limit inputs while maintaining a viable productivity rate. One solution would be to act on soil microorganisms linked to the nitrogen cycle in order to limit nitrogen losses from agrosystems through greenhouse gas (N2O) emissions, leaching and/or volatilization. Indeed, in soils, nitrate is also used by so-called denitrifying bacteria, which reduce it to N2O (greenhouse gases) and N2, representing a loss of nitrogen for crops and an increase in air pollution. As a result, plants compete directly with these bacteria for the assimilation of nitrate. Recently, the supervising team of this thesis has highlighted a strategy developed by some plants consisting of the production of secondary metabolites: procyanidins, which inhibit the denitrification of soil microbial communities. Procyanidins have the ability to inhibit the first step of denitrification in denitrifying bacteria, transforming nitrate into nitrite and thus preventing the use of nitrate, without however exerting an antibacterial effect. This strategy therefore preserves the nitrate in the soil, which can then be used by plants for their nutrition and growth. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of the application of exogenous procyanidins at several field concentrations on a plant model of economic interest, lettuce, as well as on different soil types. These effects have also been tested on another model of economic interest that consumes nitrogen, celery. During these experiments, measurements were made on (i) microbial denitrification activity, (ii) plant traits related to growth and (iii) the abundance of denitrifying bacterial communities. Our results show an induction of a BDI in the field, a conservation of nitrate inducing in turn an improvement in plant growth and a counter-selection by the plant of denitrifiers. The other point addressed, which was rather fundamental but less successful due to a lack of time, was to highlight, via the use of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants affected in the production of procyanidins or overproducing procyanidins, a return to the plant of nitrogen diverted following the BD
BoletĂn Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo: NĂșmero 182 - 1931 agosto 14
Supply chain management (SCM) is a strategy that is used to develop a competitive advantage by encouraging all businesses within a supply chain to work together. This research is concerned with the purchasing partnerships that form the supply side of the supply chain. Successful purchasing partnerships require collaboration between buyer and supplier. Businesses must have suppliers that allow such collaborative partnerships to be successful at present and in the future. This highlights the importance of selecting the right suppliers and retaining them. Doing so will provide a business with a competitive advantage.
Dunedin small businesses have developed thriving relationships with the majority of their suppliers. Suppliers are selected on quality and reliability/dependability. The informal nature of the relationships allows open communication, leading to commitment from both buyer and supplier. Such commitment aids in supplier retention alongside payment of accounts and brand loyalty. The benefits obtained from retention of suppliers include special deals offered from suppliers, and help in times of difficulty. These benefits will lead to the development of a competitive advantage for the purchasing business, and have arisen due to supplier selection and retention.UnpublishedAkkermans, H., Bogerd, P., & Vos, B. (1999). Virtuous and vicious cycles on the
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