Review of Noterapion Kissinger from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Apionidae)

Descriptions and a key are provided for 7 South American species of Note rap ion Kissinger (2002) (type species Apion meorrhynchum Philippi and Philippi) including N. bruchi (Beguin-Billecocq), N. meorrhynchum (Philippi and Philippi), N. philippianum (Alonso-Zarazaga) and four new species described from Chile: N. chilense Kissinger, N. lwscheli Kissinger, N. nothofagi Kissinger, and N. saperion Kissinger. A lectotype designation is published for Apion meorrhynchum Philippi and Philippi and Apion uestitum Philippi and Philippi. Apion fuegianum Enderlein and A. pingue Beguin-Billecocq are synonymized with N. meorrhynchum (Philippi and Philippi), new synonymy. Noterapionini (new tribe) is erected for Noterapion Kissinger (type genus) within Apioninae. Extension of a phylogenetic analysis of Brentidae s. lato by Wanat (2001) places Noterapion near the base of Apioninae and shows the genus sharing various symplesiomorphies with primitive apionid subfamilies from Africa and not found otherwise in the New World apionids. The weevils are associated with the southern beech, Nothofagus Blume (in Nothofagaceae, see Manos, 1997), also known from the Australasian Region. Noterapion meorrhynchum develops in abandoned cynipid wasp leaf galls. The combination of a plant host with biogeographic significance and the possession of very primitive characters suggests that Noterapion may represent an ancient lineage dating back to the time of the Cretaceous and the breakup of Gondwana

Apionidae from North and Central America : 5. Description of genus Apionion and 4 new species (Coleoptera)

Apionion (type species Apion crassum Fall) is described for 14 species formerly assigned to the Apion annulatum species group of Coelocephalapion Wagner, namely, championi Sharp, crassum Fall, derasum Sharp, dilatatum Smith, fenyesi Kissinger, howdeni Kissinger, inflatipenne Sharp, latipenne Sharp, latipes Sharp, len tum Sharp, neolentum Kissinger, samson Sharp, and subauratum Sharp from North and Central America, and annulatum Gerstaecker from South America, all originally included in Apion Herbst. Four new species are described: delion (panama), eranion (Costa Rica, Panama), humongum (Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras), and sapphirum (Mexico, Costa Rica). New records and/or supplemental descriptions are given for championi, derasum, dilatatum, fenyesi, howdeni, inflatipenne, latipenne, latipes, and neolentum

Description of a new genus, Sayapion, from North and Central America (Coleoptera: Apionidae)

A new genus, Sayapion Kissinger (type-species: Apion segnipes Say) is proposed for the 10 members of the Apion segnipes species group of Coelocephalapion Wagner orphaned when Coelocephalapion Wagner was raised to generic level (Kissinger, 1992). The species transferred from Apion to Sayapion as new combinations are as follows: Sayapion aponipes (Kissinger), S. arizonae (Fall), S. basale (Sharp), S. cinereum (Gerstaecker), S. laterale (Sharp), S. paranipes (Kissinger), S. pronipes (Kissinger), S. segnipes (Say), S. sublaterale (Kissinger), and S. terale (Kissinger)

Apionidae from North and Central America : 6. Description of new species of Apionion Kissinger, Coelocephalapion Wagner and Trichapion Wagner (Coleoptera)

Two new species of Trichapion Wagner, T. baranowskii and T. santaritae, are described from Madera Canyon, near Tucson, Arizona. Six new species of Coelocephalapion Wagner are described: C. dilox (Mexico), C. goldilox (Costa Rica, Panama), C.johnsoni (Panama) with host Vatairea erythrocarpa Ducke (Fabaceae), C. nirostrum (Mexico), C. tellum (Texas, Mexico), and C. turnbowi (Mexico). Apionion opetion is described from Mexico. A closely similar species, Apionion bettyae (Kissinger), new combination, with probable host plant Lonchocarpus sp. (Fabaceae), is transferred from Trichapion

Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 1. Notes on the classification of the \u3ci\u3eApion\u3c/i\u3e subgenus \u3ci\u3eTrichapion\u3c/i\u3e Wagner with description of new species from the United States of America. (Coleoptera)

Selected taxonomic characters of Apion species are redefined and explained including subcephalic ridge, sensory seta and macrochaeta. New species described are Apion (Trichapion) memnonmonum Kissinger, Black Mountains, North Carolina and Apion (Trichapion) nelsoni Kissinger from Davis Mts, Texas and Santa Rita Mts, Arizona. Supplemental descriptions or new records are given for the following species: Apion aequabile Fall, A. brunnicornis Fall, A. eccentricum Fall, A. minor Smith, A. punctulirostre Sharp and A. submetallicum Boheman. A statistical test is used to evaluate the importance of a character in defining species groups in the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner. Eighteen characters met this criterion and were used to define 12 species groups. A method is presented to evaluate membership in a species group. The inclusion probabilities for a list of 82 species is given for each of 12 species groups of Trichapion occurring in North and Central America

Dislocation generation and propagation during flash lamp annealing

Dislocation generation and propagation during flash lamp annealing for 20 ms was investigated using wafers with sawed, ground, and etched surfaces. Due to the thermal stress resulting from the temperature profiles generated by the flash pre-existing dislocations propagate into the wafer from both surfaces during flash lamp annealing. A dislocation free zone was observed around 700 μm depth below the surface of a 900 μm thick sawed wafer. The dislocation propagation can be well described by a three-dimensional mechanical model. It was further demonstrated that in wafers being initially free of dislocations no dislocations are generated during flash lamp annealing

On the Impact of Strained PECVD Nitride Layers on Oxide Precipitate Nucleation in Silicon

PECVD nitride layers with different layer stress ranging from about 315 MPa to −1735 MPa were deposited on silicon wafers with similar concentration of interstitial oxygen. After a thermal treatment consisting of nucleation at 650°C for 4 h or 8 h followed annealing 780°C 3 h + 1000°C 16 h in nitrogen, the profiles of the oxide precipitate density were investigated. The binding states of hydrogen in the layers was investigated by FTIR. There is a clear effect of the layer stress on oxide precipitate nucleation. The higher the compressive layer stress is the higher is a BMD peak below the front surface. If the nitride layer is removed after the nucleation anneal the BMD peak below the front surface becomes lower. It is possible to model the BMD peak below the surface by vacancy in-diffusion from the silicon/nitride interface. With increasing duration of the nucleation anneal the vacancy injection from the silicon/nitride interface decreases and with increasing compressive layer stress it increases. © The Author(s) 2019

Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 3. A New Genus in the Tribe Aplemonini Kissinger from Mexico (Coleoptera)

A new genus, Femtapion (type species F. andersoni Kissinger, new species from central Mexico), is described in the tribe Aplemonini. Distinguishing features include body minute, globose, glabrous, polished; middle coxae not separated by union of median mesosternum and median metasternum; elytra lack humeri but (apparently) functional flying wings present; endophallus with coiled flagellum. The occurrence of a modified endophallic flagellum is unique in the New World Apioninae (with the exception of the Antilles). Perapion wickhami (Kissinger) is recorded from Scotts Bluff, Nebraska. Apion (Trichapion) memnonmonum Kissinger from North Carolina shows an unusual disjunct distribution. It is recorded on unopened flower buds of Amorpha sp. at 3 mi NE Angeles Oaks, camp Cedar Falls 6000', San Bernardino Co., California in June

Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 1. Notes on the classification of the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner with description of new species from the United States of America (Coleoptera)

Selected taxonomic characters of Apion species are redefined and explained including subcephalic ridge, sensory seta and macrochaeta. New species described are Apion (Trichapion) memnonmonum Kissinger, Black Mountains, North Carolina and Apion (Trichapion) nelsoni Kissinger from Davis Mts, Texas and Santa Rita Mts, Arizona. Supplemental descriptions or new records are given for the following species: Apion aequabile Fall, A. brunnicornis Fall, A. eccentricum Fall, A. minor Smith, A. punctulirostre Sharp and A. submetallicum Boheman. A statistical test is used to evaluate the importance of a character in defining species groups in the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner. Eighteen characters met this criterion and were used to define 12 species groups. A method is presented to evaluate membership in a species group. The inclusion probabilities for a list of 82 species is given for each of 12 species groups of Trichapion occurring in North and Central America