3,879 research outputs found
Contact-allergy time
The most commonly used techniques for the in vivo evaluation of the cellular
immune response include intracutaneous testing with microbial recall antigens
or sensitization with neoantigens. The reliability of these tests for the individual
patient usually is low due to the lack of standardization and quantification.
Moreover only the efferent branch of the immune response can be judged.
The dinitrochlorobenzene-contact allergy time (DNCB-CAT) is a quantitative
approach for the assessment of the cellular immune response. 2% DNCBointment
is applied on the upper arm in a 1 cm2 area. On the following days
patch-testing with 0.05% DNCB-ointment is done on the homolateral forearm
in alternating localizations till an allergic contact dermatitis reaction appears.
As assessed in patients with malignant melanoma (MM, n=\\5) and with
lymphoproliferative disorders (LD, η = 25), the DNCB-CAT correlates with
the age of the patients and can be expressed by a formula given by the age
(years) χ factor (MM = 0.16; LD = 0.17) + constant figure (MM = 5.5;
LD = 4.3). There was no significant difference between the two groups or subgroups
investigated.
By DNCB-CAT quantitative analysis of the cellular immune response in
vivo is possible. It is an appropriate model for further investigations of the
cellular immunity under different clinical, histological, prognostic, and therapeutic
aspects
Gutenberg war gestern: Ein Beitrag zur Ausbildung in der Medizin gestern, heute und morgen
Zusammenfassung: Eine gute Ausbildung ist die wichtigste Grundlage einer zuverlässigen medizinischen Versorgung und des medizinischen Fortschritts. Unser medizinisches Wissen hat in den vergangenen 50Jahren stärker zugenommen als in den 500Jahren zuvor. Die räumlichen und personellen Kapazitäten unserer Hochschulen sind bei den bestehenden Unterrichtsstrukturen überfordert. Ein Teil der Probleme lässt sich durch "Blended Learning" lösen, d.h. einer Kombination aus klassischen Unterrichtsmethoden (Frontalvorlesungen, Kurse, bettnaher Unterricht) mit ergänzendem webbasiertem E-Learning. Neben einem soliden Grundwissen muss heute auch die Fähigkeit vermittelt werden, mit modernen Medien umzugehen und sich auf ein lebenslanges Lernen vorzubereiten. Aus der großen Zahl von E-Learning-Angeboten sollen hier stellvertretend für eine studentische Ausbildungsplattform das Programm DOIT (Dermatology Online with Interactive Technology; http://www.swisdom.org) sowie das Programm Dermokrates (http://www.Dermokrates.com) der Deutschen, Österreichischen und Schweizerischen Dermatologischen Gesellschaften für die ärztliche Weiter- und Fortbildung genannt werden. Das größte Hindernis bei der Umsetzung neuer Entwicklungen liegt im Festhalten an überkommenen Strukture
The hot gas content of fossil galaxy clusters
We investigate the properties of the hot gas in four fossil galaxy systems
detected at high significance in the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) survey.
XMM-Newton observations reveal overall temperatures of kT ~ 5-6 keV and yield
hydrostatic masses M500,HE > 3.5 x 10e14 Msun, confirming their nature as bona
fide massive clusters. We measure the thermodynamic properties of the hot gas
in X-rays (out to beyond R500 in three cases) and derive their individual
pressure profiles out to R ~ 2.5 R500 with the SZ data. We combine the X-ray
and SZ data to measure hydrostatic mass profiles and to examine the hot gas
content and its radial distribution. The average Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW)
concentration parameter, c500 = 3.2 +/- 0.4, is the same as that of relaxed
`normal' clusters. The gas mass fraction profiles exhibit striking variation in
the inner regions, but converge to approximately the cosmic baryon fraction
(corrected for depletion) at R500. Beyond R500 the gas mass fraction profiles
again diverge, which we interpret as being due to a difference in gas clumping
and/or a breakdown of hydrostatic equilibrium in the external regions. Overall
our observations point to considerable radial variation in the hot gas content
and in the gas clumping and/or hydrostatic equilibrium properties in these
fossil clusters, at odds with the interpretation of their being old, evolved
and undisturbed. At least some fossil objects appear to be dynamically young.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Report of the Symposium on Cutaneous Lymphomas: Sixth International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma
The symposium discussed the pathobiology, classification, and treatment of cutaneous lymphomas. Drs. Burg and Kadin commented on the pathophysiology of mycosis fungoides/SĂ©zary syndrome and cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, respectively. A proposed classification of primary cutaneous lymphomas from the EORTC was presented by Drs. Kerl and Sterry. Dr. Jaffe presented a classification of cutaneous lymphomas based on the REAL classification. All speakers agreed that primary cutaneous lymphomas are usually distinctive in their clinical behavior and biology, and differ from their nodal counterparts. The symposium concluded with remarks from Drs. Vonderheid and Hoppe on the therapeutic approach to primary cutaneous lymphoid malignancie
Pion photoproduction off the proton in a gauge-invariant chiral unitary framework
We investigate pion photoproduction off the proton in a manifestly
gauge-invariant chiral unitary extension of chiral perturbation theory. In a
first step, we consider meson-baryon scattering taking into account all
next-to-leading order contact interactions. The resulting low-energy constants
are determined by a fit to s-wave pion-nucleon scattering and the low-energy
data for the reaction pi- p --> eta n. To assess the theoretical uncertainty,
we perform two different fit strategies. Having determined the low-energy
constants, we then analyse the data on the s-wave multipole amplitudes E0+ of
pion and eta photoproduction. These are parameter-free predictions, as the two
new low-energy constants are determined by the neutron and proton magnetic
moments.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figure
The dynamics of z~1 clusters of galaxies from the GCLASS survey
We constrain the internal dynamics of a stack of 10 clusters from the GCLASS
survey at 0.87<z<1.34. We determine the stack cluster mass profile M(r) using
the MAMPOSSt algorithm of Mamon et al., the velocity anisotropy profile beta(r)
from the inversion of the Jeans equation, and the pseudo-phase-space density
profiles Q(r) and Qr(r), obtained from the ratio between the mass density
profile and the third power of the (total and, respectively, radial) velocity
dispersion profiles of cluster galaxies. Several M(r) models are statistically
acceptable for the stack cluster (Burkert, Einasto, Hernquist, NFW). The total
mass distribution has a concentration c=r200/r-2=4.0-0.6+1.0, in agreement with
theoretical expectations, and is less concentrated than the cluster
stellar-mass distribution. The stack cluster beta(r) is similar for passive and
star-forming galaxies and indicates isotropic galaxy orbits near the cluster
center and increasingly radially elongated with increasing cluster-centric
distance. Q(r) and Qr(r) are almost power-law relations with slopes similar to
those predicted from numerical simulations of dark matter halos. Combined with
results obtained for lower-z clusters we determine the dynamical evolution of
galaxy clusters, and compare it with theoretical predictions. We discuss
possible physical mechanisms responsible for the differential evolution of
total and stellar mass concentrations, and of passive and star-forming galaxy
orbits [abridged].Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Version accepted for publication in A&A after
minor modification
FĂĽr Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Otto Braun-Falco: GeburtstagswĂĽnsche und Danksagung der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fĂĽr Dermatologie und Venerologie (SGDV)
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