Congenital coronary-pulmonary artery fistula originating from right and left coronary artery

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare congenital anomalywith an incidence of 1 in 50 000 live births. The fistula wasobserved at the right coronary artery in 53%, the left coronaryartery in 42% and both coronary artery in 5% of thecases. Echocardiography examination in a 46 year-oldwoman with the symptoms of chest pain, palpitation anddyspnea revealed a severe mitral valve insufficiency anda moderate to severe tricuspid valve insufficiency. A CAForiginating from the proximal part of the left anterior descendingartery (LAD) and another fistula originating fromosteal part of the right coronary artery (RCA) were detectedby coronary angiography. Both fistulas were draininginto the main pulmonary artery. The coronary artery fistulaclosed under cardiopulmonary by-pass. Mitral insufficiencyoriginated from the posterior leaflet was diagnosedintra-operative exploration, and thereafter it was repairedwith mitral annuloplasty including a quadrangular resectionand use of a 32 No St Jude mitral ring. Tricuspid valvewas repaired with Calangos Ring annuloplasty. Followingsix day hospital stay, the woman was discharged free ofany symptom.Key words: Dyspnea, double arteriovenous fistula, mitral and tricuspid insufficienc

Acidity of the Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot) and Persica vulgaris Miller (Peach) effect of pollen tube growth of plants

Acid rains affect the soil's chemical and biological properties. Sulphure and nitrogen compounds which are accumulated in atmosphere, by passing through the soil with rains, cause to decrase pH of soil. In this study we did for effects of acidity on Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot) and Persica vulgaris Miller plants pollens’ in vitro germination and tube length, it is aimed to determine how affected apricot and peach blossom pollen from different acidty levels. Elazığ city center and surrounding counties that depend on Elazığ are selected for research area and for plants to be used in research. Pollens of Prunus armeniaca L. and Persica vulgaris plants located in Elazığ city and counties, are used as research materials. For pollen germination Brewbaker Kwack culture medum is used as growth medium. For incubation cultivated pollens in medium, heated for 3 hours at 22±1 oC and then fixed with 70% ethanol. Pollen germination percentage and tube length were detected in the light microscope. In our study it is determined that acidty have adverse effects on, two major culture plants, apricot and peach which have great economic value today for our country. According to our results, as pH drops, significant declines are recorded on pollen germination percentage and tube length for both plants. In pH 3.0, germination percentage of each plant’s has dropped below 11%. This ratio means a large yield loss for a culture plant.Asit yağmurları, toprağın kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerini etkilemektedir. Atmosferde biriken kükürt ve azot bileşikleri yağışlarla toprağa geçerek toprak pH’sının düşmesine neden olmaktadırlar. Asitliğin Prunus armeniaca L. (Kayısı) ve Persica vulgaris Miller (Şeftali) bitkisi polenlerinin in vitro çimlenmesi ve tüp uzunluğu üzerine etkileri üzerine yaptığımız bu çalışmada, kayısı ve şeftali çiçeklerine ait polenlerin farklı asitlik derecelerinden nasıl etkilendiğinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesi ve araştırmada kullanılacak bitkiler için Elazığ il merkezi ve çevre ilçelerinde seçilmiştir. Araştırma materyali olarak Elazığ ili ve ilçelerinde bulunan P. armeniaca L. ve P. vulgaris bitkilerinin polenleri kullanılmıştır. Polenleri çimlendirilmesi için, besiyeri ortamı olarak Brewbaker Kwack kültür ortamı kullanılmıştır. İnkübasyon için besiyerine ekilmiş polenler, 22±1 o C’de 3 saat süre ile bekletilmiş ve daha sonra %70’lik etanolle fikse edilmiştir. Polen çimlenme yüzdeleri ve tüp uzunlukları ışık mikroskopunda tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, asitliğin günümüzde ülkemiz için büyük ekonomik değere sahip iki önemli kültür bitkisi kayısı ve şeftali bitkileri üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, pH düştükçe her iki bitkinin de polen çimlenme yüzdesi ve tüp uzunluğunda önemli düşüşler kaydedilmiştir. pH 3.0’ da her iki bitki içinde çimlenme yüzdesi %11’ in altına düşmüştür. Bu oran bir kültür bitkisi için çok büyük bir verim kaybı anlamına gelmektedir

Vicia koeieana’ nın karyolojik ve palinolojik yönden araştırılması

Vicia L. cinsinin (Fabaceae) Anatropostylia seksiyonunun tek türü olan Vicia koeieana karyolojik ve palinolojik yönden araştırıldı. Bitki örneği (Vicia koeieana Rech. f.) 2012 yılında doğal habitatından toplandı. Çalışılan türün temel kromozom sayısı 2n=14 olarak bulundu. Türe ait kromozomların median (m) ve submedian (sm) sentromerli olduğu gözlendi. Palinolojik çalışmalarda polen şekli prolat, apertürleri trikolparat ve ornemantasyonu ise retikulat olduğu tespit edilerek ölçümleri yapıldı.Karyological and palynological were investigated on single species Vicia koeieana of the Anatropostylia section of the Vicia L. genus. Sample plant of V. koeieana were collected from natural habitats in 2012. The basic chromosome number was observed to be 2n=14. Chromosomes had median region (m) and submedian (sm) centromers. The results of investigation of the palynological revealed that the pollen type prolate, apertures tricolporate and ornamentation is reticulate and they were measured

Firm Size and Financing Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from SMEs in Istanbul

This paper examines how small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in Istanbul managed their financial needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A unique survey was conducted in May–June 2021 to analyze the effect of the pandemic on financial conditions and access to finance. The paper maps the differences between firms in terms of their financing conditions and behavior based on their size during the pandemic. The novel data set helps to conceptualize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SMEs. The paper makes a contribution to the literature through using a large number of variables related to firms’ financial conditions and opportunities (e.g., credit restructuring, debt postponing, capital injection). The paper hypothesizes that SMEs are less likely than large firms to access formal finance opportunities, but they tend to rely more on informal financing. The empirical findings suggest that, during the pandemic, micro and small firms tend to borrow more from their acquaintances, such as relatives and friends. Micro firms are less likely to restructure their outstanding loans, borrow from banks, or inject capital. Furthermore, micro firms tend to cut their costs more to avoid further difficulty in their financial positions. Micro and small firms tend to apply for bank loans less than large firms, while medium-size firms are more likely to apply. Micro and small firms are more inclined to report difficulty in accessing credit

The comparison of the science and technology curriculum and renewed science curriculumFen ve teknoloji dersi öğretim programları ile yenilenen fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programlarının karşılaştırılması

According to the decision that was dated  as february 1, 2013 by Ministry of Education Head Council of Education and Morality, it was considered as appropriate to start applying new sciences curriculum for third grades from 2014- 2015 academic year, and for fourth grades from 2015- 2016 academic year. Updated sciences curriculum was published on the official website of the council. The purpose of the current study is to examined the compare of 4 and 5 grades of science and technology curriculum and renewed 3 and 4 grades sciences curriculum. In the present study, the document review method was used as a qualitative research method. The data was analyzed via descriptive statistics and findings were interpreted. ÖzetMilli Eğitim Bakanlığı Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı’nın 1 Şubat 2013 tarihli kararına göre ilkokul 3’üncü sınıfların 2014-2015 öğretim yılından itibaren, 4’üncü sınıfların ise 2015-2016 öğretim yılından itibaren yeni fen bilimleri öğretim programlarının uygulanmaya başlanması uygun görülmüştür. Kurulun resmi internet sitesinde güncellenmiş yeni fen bilimleri öğretim programları yayınlanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim 4. ve 5. sınıf fen ve teknoloji dersi öğretim programları ile yenilenen ilkokul 3. ve 4. sınıf fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programlarının karşılaştırılarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, betimsel analiz ile elde edilerek, yorumlanmıştır

Assessment of early and late dysphagia using videofluoroscopy and quality of life questionnaires in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy

BACKGORUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy using objective and subjective tools simultaneously and to associate the clinical correlates of dysphagia with dosimetric parameters. METHODS: Twenty patients were included in the study. The primary tumor and the involved lymph nodes (LN) were treated with 66-70 Gy, the uninvolved LN were treated with 46-50 Gy. Six swallowing structures were identified: the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (SPCM), the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle (MPCM), the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (IPCM), the base of tongue (BOT), the larynx and the proximal esophageal sphincter (PES). Dysphagia was evaluated using videofluoroscopy and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and supplemental EORTC QoL module for HNC (QLQ-H&N35). The evaluations were performed before treatment, at 3 months and at 6 months following treatment. RESULTS: On objective evaluation, the D(max) for the larynx and the sub-structures of the PCM were correlated with impaired lingual movement, BOT weakness and proximal esophageal stricture at 3 months, whereas the V(65), the V(70)and the D(max) for the larynx was correlated with BOT weakness and the V(65), the V(70), the D(max) or the D(mean) for the sub-structures of the PCM were correlated with impaired lingual movement, BOT weakness, reduced laryngeal elevation, reduced epiglottic inversion and aspiration at 6 months following treatment. On subjective evaluation, the V(60), the D(max) and the D(mean) for SPCM were correlated with QoL scores for HNSO at 3 months, whereas the V(70) for SPCM were correlated with QoL scores for HNPA and the V(60), the V(65), the V(70), the D(max) and the D(mean) for SPCM were correlated with QoL scores for HNSO at 6 months following treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The use of multiple dysphagia-related endpoints to complement eachother rather than to overlap with one another, as well as the use of multiple evaluations over time to represent a scale of early to late findings might provide a better insight in terms of the association of the clinical correlates of dysphagia with the dose-volume data for the dysphagia-related anatomical structures

Mean platelet volume is associated with disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with cardiovascular diseases and thromboembolic events. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a predictor of cardiovascular thromboembolic events. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between the MPV and disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. METHODS: We prospectively included 194 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients without cardiovascular disease (mean age 56.5±12.5 years) who were undergoing sleep tests. An overnight full laboratory polisomnography examination was conducted on each patient. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): (1) AHIlow group: 5≤AH

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Spreading into Branchial Cleft Cyst

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy and it can cause cystic metastasis to the neck region. Branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) are among the most commonly encountered congenital cystic neck masses. PTC metastasis into BCC has been rarely reported in the literature. In this case report we report a patient presenting with a cystic neck mass for which fine needle aspiration biopsy was reported as benign cytology and eventually was diagnosed as PTC metastasis to the BCC. The importance of investigating the thyroglobulin levels in fine needle aspiration materials of cystic neck masses for early diagnosis of possible PTC metastasis is specifically emphasized

Macular and Peripapillary Vascular Densities in Non-Glaucomatous Eyes of Patients with Unilateral Glaucoma

Objectives:Our purpose was to investigate vascular alterations in the non-glaucomatous eyes of patients with unilateral primary open angle glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography and to evaluate the role of vascular damage in glaucoma pathogenesis.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included 60 eyes of 30 patients with unilateral glaucoma (63.4±8.8 years) and 30 eyes of 30 healthy subjects (65.6±9.1 years). Three groups were formed: group A, affected eyes of unilateral glaucoma patients; Group B, non-glaucomatous eyes of unilateral glaucoma patients; and group C, healthy controls.Results:When group A was compared with groups B and C, significant differences were detected in rim area, cup volume, mean cup/disc ratio, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness parameters (p0.05 for all). In peripapillary and macular vessel density (VD) comparisons, all parameters except intradisc VD were found to be lower in group A (p0.05 for all).Conclusion:The VD values in eyes with glaucoma were found to be lower than in the other two groups. However, no difference was observed between the non-glaucomatous eyes of glaucoma patients and those of healthy individuals. Thus, the results did not support our hypothesis that VD alterations would be observed in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral glaucoma if the vascular pathway were responsible in the pathogenesis of glaucoma

Önleyici yapısal sağlık izleme metodları, araç ve stratejilerinin araştırılması, geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması

TÜBİTAK MAG01.10.201