Flächen- und Standortbewertung für ein nachhaltiges Flächenmanagement

Eine Publikation des Förderprogramms "Forschung für die Reduzierung der Flächeninanspruchnahme und ein nachhaltiges Flächenmanagement (REFINA) im Rahmen des Programms "Forschung für die Nachhaltigkeit" (FONA) des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF

Sündenfall § 13b BauGB? Eine Bestandsaufnahme

Zwei Jahre nach Einführung des § 13b BauGB sind bundesweit bereits zahlreiche Anwendungsfälle bekannt. Sie zeigen, dass sich die Erwartungen an die Einführung der Regelung, auf Kosten von materiellen und Verfahrensstandards schnell und in substantiellem Umfang Wohnbauland zur Minderung der Wohnungsnot zu schaffen, nicht erfüllt haben. Einwohnerstarke Städte mit hohem Wohnraumbedarf und angespannten Wohnungsmärkten wenden die neuen Regelungen nicht an. Die Nutzung des § 13b BauGB erfolgt in kleineren und kleinsten Gemeinden, häufig ohne besonderen Wohnraumbedarf, zur Ausweisung von Ein- und Zweifamilienhausgebieten. In vielen Fällen lässt sich feststellen, dass die Flächeninanspruchnahme für Siedlungszwecke unnötig verstärkt wird und viele dieser Gemeinden Wohnbaulandflächen auf Vorrat ausweisen, die mit Blick auf die Bevölkerungsentwicklung voraussichtlich nicht notwendig sein werden. Damit einher geht eine unnötige Belastung von Umwelt und Natur einerseits und Entwertung des innerörtlichen Baubestandes andererseits

Klimaschutz in der räumlichen Planung : Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Raumordnung und Bauleitplanung ; Kurzdokumentation der Fallstudien

Als Grundlage für die Praxishilfe "Klimaschutz in der räumlichen Planung" wurde im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes eine Reihe von Konzepten, Plänen und Programmen auf teil- bzw. gesamtstädtischer, regionaler und Landesebene untersucht, die für die Integration des Klimaschutz in die räumliche Planung beispielhaft sind. Es handelt sich im Schwerpunkt um formelle Instrumente (Bebauungs- und Flächennutzungspläne, Regionalpläne, Landesentwicklungspläne). Komplementär wurden auch informelle Instrumente untersucht, die die fachliche Grundlage für eine integrierte und effektive Bearbeitung des Klimaschutzes in der förmlichen Raumplanung darstellen (v.a. Energieversorgungs- und Klimaschutzkonzepte)

Анализ и оптимизация распределения ресурсов в беспроводных сетях с использованием БПЛА для передачи информации и энергии

Объект исследования: проектирование системы, распределение ресурсов и оптимизация ресурсов для сетей беспроводной связи с беспроводным питанием от БПЛА при сохранении ожидаемых параметров качества обслуживания в сетях 5G и выше. Цель исследования: Одновременная беспроводная передача информации и мощности (ОБПИМ) является недорогим, а также потенциально способным повысить эффективность использования спектра методом. Компромисс между скоростью передачи информации и количеством собранной энергии становится критическим фактором для оценки производительности сети связи. Следовательно, эффективное и действенное распределение и оптимизация ресурсов в сети связи имеет первостепенное значение для совместных сетей связи БПЛА с поддержкой ОБПИМ и беспроводные сенсорные сети.Subject of research: system design, resource allocation and resource optimization for wireless communication networks with wireless power supply from UAVs while maintaining the expected quality of service parameters in 5G and higher networks. Objective of the study: Simultaneous wireless transmission of information and power (SWIPT) is inexpensive, and also potentially capable of increasing the efficiency of spectrum use. The trade-off between information transfer rate and the amount of collected energy becomes a critical factor in assessing the performance of a communications network. Consequently, efficient and effective allocation and optimization of resources in the communication network is of paramount importance for joint communication networks of UAVs with support for SWIPT and WSN

EMC3-EIRENE simulation of first wall recycling fluxes in W7-X with relation to H-alpha measurements

In the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, the main locations of particle sources are expected to be the carbon divertors, baffles and graphite heat shield first wall. In this paper, the heat shield is implemented in EMC3-EIRENE to understand the expected areas and magnitudes of the recycling flux to this component. It is found that in the simulation the heat shield is not a significant source of recycling neutrals. The areas of simulated recycling flux are shown to correlate well with footprints of plasma-wetting seen in post-experimental campaign in-vessel inspection photos. EMC3-EIRENE reconstruction of line-integrated H-alpha measurements at the heat shield indicate that the majority of emission does not come from local recycling neutrals. Rather, the H-alpha signals at the heat shield are dominated by ionization of neutrals which have leaked from the divertor/baffle region into the midplane. The magnitude of the H-alpha line emission from the synthetic reconstruction is consistent with the experiment, indicating that a large overestimation of heat shield recycling would occur if these measurements were assumed to be from local recycling sources. In the future, it may be possible to obtain some information of local recycling from the heat shield since it was found that the majority of the recycling flux occurs on two well-localized areas

Expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in esophageal squamous cell and adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor despite curative surgery. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been proposed to distinctly contribute to tumor growth, dissemination and local immune escape in a limited number of malignancies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of CXCR4 in tumor spread of esophageal cancer with a differentiated view of the two predominant histologic types – squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Esophageal cancer tissue samples were obtained from 102 consecutive patients undergoing esophageal resection for cancer with curative intent. The LSAB+ System was used to detect the protein CXCR4. Tumor samples were classified into two groups based on the homogeneous staining intensity. A cut-off between CXCR4w (= weak expression) and CXCR4s (= strong expression) was set at 1.5 (grouped 0 – 1.5 versus 2.0 – 3). Long-term survival rates were calculated using life tables and the Kaplan-Meier method. Using the Cox's proportional hazards analysis, a model of survival prediction was established. RESULTS: The overall expression rate for CXCR4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 94.1%. Subdividing these samples, CXCR4w was found in 54.9% and CXCR4s in 45.1%. In adenocarcinoma, an overall expression rate of 89.1% was detected with a weak intensitiy in 71.7% compared to strong staining in 29.3% (p = 0.066 squamous cell versus adenocarcinoma). The Cox's proportional hazards analysis identified the pM-category with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.860 (95% CI: 1.014–3.414) (p = 0.045), the histologic tumor type (HR: 0.334; 95% CI: 0.180–0.618) (p = 0.0001) and the operative approach (transthoracic > transhiatal esophageal resection) (HR: 0.546; 95% CI: 0.324–0.920) (p = 0.023) as independent factors with a possible influence on the long-term prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma, whereas CXCR4 expression was statistically not significant (>0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in esophageal cancer is of major relevance in both histologic entities – squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. Though with lack of statistical significance, strong CXCR4 expression revealed a poorer long-term prognosis following curative esophagectomy in both histologic subtypes. Thus, the exact biological functions of CXCR4 in terms of tumor dissemination of esophageal cancer is yet undetermined. Inhibition of esophageal cancer progression by CXCR4 antagonists might be a promising therapeutic option in the future

Automatic lung segmentation in the presence of alveolar collapse

Lung ventilation and perfusion analyses using chest imaging methods require a correct segmentation of the lung to offer anatomical landmarks for the physiological data. An automatic segmentation approach simplifies and accelerates the analysis. However, the segmentation of the lungs has shown to be difficult if collapsed areas are present that tend to share similar gray values with surrounding non-pulmonary tissue. Our goal was to develop an automatic segmentation algorithm that is able to approximate dorsal lung boundaries even if alveolar collapse is present in the dependent lung areas adjacent to the pleura. Computed tomography data acquired in five supine pigs with injured lungs were used for this purpose. First, healthy lung tissue was segmented using a standard 3D region growing algorithm. Further, the bones in the chest wall surrounding the lungs were segmented to find the contact points of ribs and pleura. Artificial boundaries of the dorsal lung were set by spline interpolation through these contact points. Segmentation masks of the entire lung including the collapsed regions were created by combining the splines with the segmentation masks of the healthy lung tissue through multiple morphological operations. The automatically segmented images were then evaluated by comparing them to manual segmentations and determining the Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) as a similarity measure. The developed method was able to accurately segment the lungs including the collapsed regions (DSCs over 0.96)