Dietary protein restriction reduces circulating VLDL triglyceride levels via CREBH-APOA5-dependent and -independent mechanisms

Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dietary interventions based on protein restriction (PR) reduce circulating triglycerides (TGs), but underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance remain unclear. Here, we show that 1 week of a protein-free diet without enforced calorie restriction significantly lowered circulating TGs in both lean and diet-induced obese mice. Mechanistically, the TG-lowering effect of PR was due, in part, to changes in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism both in liver and peripheral tissues. In the periphery, PR stimulated VLDL-TG consumption by increasing VLDL-bound APOA5 expression and promoting VLDL-TG hydrolysis and clearance from circulation. The PR-mediated increase in Apoa5 expression was controlled by the transcription factor CREBH, which coordinately regulated hepatic expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, including Fgf21 and Ppara. The CREBH-APOA5 axis activation upon PR was intact in mice lacking the GCN2-dependent amino acid-sensing arm of the integrated stress response. However, constitutive hepatic activation of the amino acid-responsive kinase mTORC1 compromised CREBH activation, leading to blunted APOA5 expression and PR-recalcitrant hypertriglyceridemia. PR also contributed to hypotriglyceridemia by reducing the rate of VLDL-TG secretion, independently of activation of the CREBH-APOA5 axis. Finally, a randomized controlled clinical trial revealed that 4-6 weeks of reduced protein intake (7%-9% of calories) decreased VLDL particle number, increased VLDL-bound APOA5 expression, and lowered plasma TGs, consistent with mechanistic conservation of PR-mediated hypotriglyceridemia in humans with translational potential as a nutraceutical intervention for dyslipidemia

Valorización de Saga Falabella S.A.

Saga Falabella S.A. es una empresa perteneciente al grupo chileno Falabella, que cotiza en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima desde 1994 con un precio nominal de S/1.00 por acción. De acuerdo con la valorización realizada al 30 de junio 2021 por el método de flujo de caja descontado, el valor de su acción común SAGAC1 asciende a S/12.56, el cual es mayor al valor contable de S/ 3.46 y está dentro del rango de empresas comparables bajo el método de múltiplos. Estos valores no pueden compararse apropiadamente con el último precio de la acción en el mercado de S/7.401, ya que la acción es ilíquida

Innovación y crecimiento en el sector agropecuario Problemáticas de la innovación en la producción familiar de té en Misiones

The Province of Misiones is the main producer of tea in Argentina. At the primary level there are differences in yields per hectare above 250% between producers of low and high technological levels, not explained by agroecological issues. The objective was to investigate the limiting factors of the adoption of technology (in sowing, crop management and harvest) of small and medium producers of te through a qualitative approach (focus group technique). Among the constraints of adopting technologies are economic and knowledge constraints. Likewise, commercial asymmetry between producers and tea processing companies, absence of the State and organizational weakness are mentioned.La Provincia de Misiones es la principal productora de té en Argentina. A nivel primario se observan diferencias de rendimientos por hectárea superiores al 250% entre productores de niveles tecnológicos bajos y altos, no explicadas por cuestiones agroecológicas. El objetivo fue indagar los factores limitantes de la adopción de tecnología (en siembra, manejo del cultivo y cosecha) de productores pequeños y medianos de te mediante un enfoque cualitativo (técnica de grupos focales). Entre las limitantes de adopción de tecnologías se detectan restricciones económicas y de conocimiento. Asimismo, se menciona asimetría comercial entre productores y las empresas procesadoras de té, ausencia del Estado y debilidad organizacional

Innovación y crecimiento en el sector agropecuario: problemáticas de la innovación en la producción familiar de té en Misiones

La Provincia de Misiones es la principal productora de té en Argentina. A nivel primario se observan diferencias de rendimientos por hectárea superiores al 250% entre productores de niveles tecnológicos bajos y altos, no explicadas por cuestiones agroecológicas. El objetivo fue indagar los factores limitantes de la adopción de tecnología (en siembra, manejo del cultivo y cosecha) de productores pequeños y medianos de te mediante un enfoque cualitativo (técnica de grupos focales). Entre las limitantes de adopción de tecnologías se detectan restricciones económicas y de conocimiento. Asimismo, se menciona asimetría comercial entre productores y las empresas procesadoras de té, ausencia del Estado y debilidad organizacional.The Province of Misiones is the main producer of tea in Argentina. At the primary level there are differences in yields per hectare above 250% between producers of low and high technological levels, not explained by agroecological issues. The objective was to investigate the limiting factors of the adoption of technology (in sowing, crop management and harvest) of small and medium producers of te through a qualitative approach (focus group technique). Among the constraints of adopting technologies are economic and knowledge constraints. Likewise, commercial asymmetry between producers and tea processing companies, absence of the State and organizational weakness are mentioned.Instituto de EconomíaFil: Giancola, Silvana Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Políticas, Económicas y Sociales. Instituto de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Lavecini, Maria Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Aiassa, Jorge Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Humberto Primo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Di Giano, Silvina. Investigadora independiente; ArgentinaFil: Calvo, Sonia Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Políticas, Económicas y Sociales. Instituto de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Rabaglio, Marcelo Darío. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Políticas, Económicas y Sociales. Instituto de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Da Riva, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Growth curves, body nutrients deposition and determination of protein requirement for light and semi heavy hen pullets

Growth curves of pullets were adjusted to describe the deposition rates of body components and estimate the requirements in protein. Altogether 1500 poultry were randomly distributed in 30 repetitions of 25 birds. The experimental period was divided into four stages (1 to 4 weeks 5 to 11 weeks and 12 to 16 weeks old). The rations formulated based on corn and soybean meal were offered the will. Weekly, pullets were heavy and two birds separates by lineage to be in determining chemical composition of body nutrients. The informations was used to obtain the parameters of the Gompertz model. Allometric relationships were used to describe the changes in body composition in protein, lipid, ash and water in the body gutted and without feathers. The data of body weight growth of the strains pullets Dekalb White and Bovans Goldlina fit to the Gompertz function. The allometric coefficients of fat, water and mineral matter on the basis in proteic weight of the lines Dekalb and Bovans lines were respectively: 0.114 vs 1.160; 0.811 vs 0.429; 0.930 vs 0.189. There are differences among genotypes for growth rates and deposition of body nutrients and fearther. The light-line is earlier. The total protein requirements (maintenance and gain) for pullets of 1 to 4, 5 to 11 and 12 to 16 weeks of age were respectively 4,41; 9,814; 12,612 g / d for Dekalb White and 4.82; 8,859; 7,673g / d to Bovans Goldline. The aim of this work was to determine growth curves and body nutrients deposition by using Gompertz equation, and to estimate protein requirement in light and semi heavy hen pullets. In total, 1,500 hen pullets were distributed at random into 30 repetitions of 25 birds each. Experimental period was divided into three steps (1st to 4th, 5th to 11th and 12th to 16th weeks of age). Rations were formulated based on corn and soybean meal and offered ad libitum. Birds were weighed weekly. Two birds per repetition were used to determine chemical body composition and data were used to obtain Gompertz model parameters. Allometric ratios were used to describe changes in the body composition in protein, lipid, mineral matter and water in the eviscerated and featherless body. Weight-age data of Dekalb White and Bovans Goldline pullets were well described by Gompertz function. Allometric coefficients of fat, water and mineral matter in function of the protein body weight were, respectively: 0.114, 0.811 and 0.930 for Dekalb line and 1.160, 0.429 and 0.189 for Bovans line. There are differences between lines for growth rates and body nutrients and feathers deposition, with Dekalb line being the most precocious. Total protein requirements (maintenance and growth) for pullets from 1st to 4th, 5th to 11th and 12th to 16th weeks of age were 4.41; 9.814 and 12.612 g˙d-1 for Dekalb White and 4.82; 8.859 and 7.673 g˙d-1 for Bovans Goldline, respectively

Caracterização inicial de alunos em uma universidade chilena: Variáveis de renda associadas à mobilidade social

This research describes the sociodemographic and educational reality of the 2018 admission cohort of the Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile,in order to identify possible variables associated with the social mobility of these students and lay the foundations for their monitoring from a qualitative perspective.The problem acquires relevance within the framework of current educational trends worldwide and in relation to the characteristics of the Chilean social structure.In this regard, the literature iden- tifies three types of mobility used for the present analysis: structural, relative intragenerational and relative intergenerational. This correlational descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative type study used probability sampling (n = 430) of university students who answered a institutional characterization survey. Among the main findings is a high presence of low-income first-generation students or whose parents do not have university studies, a group made up mostly of women. These variables could be mainly related to intergenerational social mobility. It is concluded that social mobility is a fertile area for research within the university, complementing the information on academic trajectories and allowing the university institutions to be placed with respect to their educational inclusion policiesEsta investigación describe la realidad sociodemográfica y educativa de la cohorte de ingreso de 2018 de la Universidad Católica del Norte de Chile, con el propósito de identificar posibles variables asociadas a la movilidad social de dichos estudiantes y sentar bases para su seguimiento desde una perspectiva cualitativa. La problemática adquiere relevancia en el marco de las tendencias educativas actuales a nivel mundial y en relación con las características de la estructura social chilena. Al respecto, la literatura identifica tres tipos de movilidad utilizadas para el presente análisis: estructural, relativa intrageneracional y relativa intergeneracional. Este estudio, de tipo cuantitativo descriptivo correlacional y transversal, empleó un muestreo probabilístico (n = 430) de estudiantes universitarios que respondieron una encuesta institucional de caracterización. Entre los principales hallazgos, se observa una elevada presencia de estudiantes de bajos ingresos económicos de primera generación o cuyos padres y madres no tienen estudios universitarios, grupo conformado mayoritariamente por mujeres. Estas variables podrían relacionarse principalmente a la movilidad social intergeneracional. Se concluye que la movilidad social es un área fértil para su investigación al interior de la universidad, complementando información sobre trayectorias académicas y que per- mite emplazar a las instituciones universitarias con respecto a sus políticas de inclusión educativa.Esta pesquisa descreve a realidade sociodemográfica e educacional da coor- te de admissão de 2018 da Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile, a fim de identificar possíveis variáveis associadas à mobilidade social desses alunos e lançar as bases para seu acompanhamento a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa. O problema adquire rele- vância no marco das atuais tendências educacionais em todo o mundo e em relação às características da estrutura social chilena. A esse respeito, a literatura identifica três ti- pos de mobilidade utilizados para a presente análise: estrutural, intrageracional relativa e intergeracional relativa. Este estudo quantitativo descritivo, correlacional e transversal utilizou uma amostra probabilística (n = 430) de estudantes universitários que respon- deram a um inquérito de caracterização institucional. Entre os principais achados está a elevada presença de alunos de baixa renda de primeira geração ou cujos pais não possuem estudos universitários, grupo composto em sua maioria por mulheres. Essas variáveis podem estar relacionadas principalmente à mobilidade social intergeracional. Concluise que a mobilidade social é um campo fértil para pesquisas dentro da universidade, complementando as informações sobre as trajetórias acadêmicas e permitindo que as instituições universitárias se posicionem no que diz respeito às suas políticas de inclusão educacional

Reduction of the nutritional values of diets for hens through supplementation with phytase

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da redução dos níveis nutricionais de dietas para poedeiras marrons em pico de postura sobre o desempenho das aves, a qualidade dos ovos e os parâmetros ósseos. No total foram avaliadas oito dietas, cada uma com cinco repetições de oito aves: 1. controle: formulada para suprir as exigências das aves; 2) controle + 0,03% ou 600 FTU; 3) 15% PB; 2.800 kcal de EM; 3,8% Ca e 0,28% Pd; 4) dieta 3 + 0,03% ou 600 FTU; 5) 14% PB; 2.750 kcal de EM; 3,4% Ca e 0,23% Pd; 6) dieta 5 + 0,03% ou 600 FTU; 7) 13% PB; 2.700 kcal de EM; 3,0% Ca e 0,18% Pd; e 8) dieta 7 + 0,03% ou 600 FTU. A redução dos níveis nutricionais prejudicou o desempenho das aves, principalmente a produção e massa de ovos, que melhorou com a inclusão de fitase nas dietas. Os parâmetros de qualidade dos ovos, no entanto, não se alteraram com a redução até o nível de 15% de PB; 2.800 kcal de EM/kg; 3,80% Ca e 0,280% Pd, o que não se repetiu nos níveis com menor densidade nutricional. Não houve efeito da redução dos níveis nutricionais sobre os parâmetros ósseos avaliados, exceto a resistência, que melhorou com a suplementação de fitase no nível de 600 FTU. A redução nos níveis nutricionais da dieta para 15% de PB, 2.800 kcal/kg de EM, 3,8% de Ca e 0,280% de Pd com a adição de 600 FTU não prejudica a produção nem a massa de ovos e melhora a saúde óssea das aves.The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the reduction on nutritional levels of diets for semi-heavy hens during the laying peak on performance, egg quality and bone parameters. A total of eight diets were evaluated, each one with five repetitions of eight birds: 1) control: formulated to supply requirements by the birds; 2) control + 0.03% or 600 FTU; 3) 15% crude protein; 2,800 kcal ME; 3.8% Ca and 0.28% aP; 4) diet 3 + 0.03% or 600 FTU; 5) 14% crude protein; 2,750 kcal ME; 3.4% Ca and 0.23% aP; 6) diet 5 + 0.03% or 600 FTU; 7) 13% crude protein; 2,700 kcal ME; 3.0% Ca and 0.18% aP; and 8) diet 7 + 600 FTU. The reduction of the nutritional levels harmed the performance of the birds, particularly egg production and egg mass, which improved by the inclusion of phytase in the diets. However, the parameters for egg quality did not change as the level was reduced down to 15% crude protein; 2,800 kcal ME/kg; 3.80% Ca and 0.280% aP, which was not repeated in the levels with lower nutritional density. Reduction of nutritional levels did not affect the evaluated bone parameters, except for resistance, which improved as phytase was added at the level 600 FTU. Reduction on the diet nutritional levels to 15% crude protein; 2,800 kcal ME/kg; 3.80% Ca and 0.280% aP with the addition of 600 FTU of phytase does not impair egg production neither egg mass and improve the bone health of birds