7,803 research outputs found
Optical-inertia space sextant for an advanced space navigation system, phase B
Optical-inertia space sextant for advanced space navigation syste
‘Holding onto trauma?’ The prevalence and predictors of PTSD, anxiety, and depression in police officers working with victims of child abuse, rape, and sexual exploitation
Research into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other common mental disorders (CMDs) in police officers is limited, with the majority of research predominately conducted outside the UK, and no study quantitively examining the role of social support in relation to the mental health of UK police officers working with victims of trauma. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of PTSD and CMD in UK police officers who investigate rape, sexual exploitation, and child abuse, along with the potential protective role of social support. Participants were police officers (n = 353) within one police area, who completed self-report measures of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and social support. Results showed that 23% of officers had potentially clinical levels of PTSD, 26% had moderate to severe levels of anxiety and 35% had moderate to severe levels of depression. Female officers, those of constable rank, those working with victims of child abuse, and those with lowest levels of social support had poorer mental health. There was tentative evidence that social support statistically moderated the relationship between tenure and depression. These findings suggest the need for bespoke help for the sub-group of officers experiencing mental health problems and for further research into the potential protective role of social support
The use of English as a lingua franca in translation
In translation, not only two languages but two cultures come into contact which means that translators must consider who wrote the text, when, why, for whom and who is now reading it and for what purpose. In the wake of rapid technological advances and the need to spread information quickly and efficiently, translation has grown in importance in the globalized world. So has its reliance on English in its role as a global lingua franca. English is often being used for ‘interculturalizing’ native languages but it is also true that English texts are written by speakers who use English as a lingua franca (ELF) with the additional consequence of local languages being incorporated into the texts. This is the linguistic hybridity used in constructing a wider view of the world. However, the prime aim of any lingua franca communication is mutual intelligibility. Saussure wrote about the contrasting principles of provincialism (ésprit de clocher) and what he termed intercourse: the need for broader communication. We can see Saussure’s principles as two imperatives: the cooperative and territorial imperatives. That is to say that language change is brought about by the ‘cooperative imperative’ as we need to continually modify our language in order to communicate with other people. At the same time, there is the ‘territorial imperative’ to secure and protect our own space and sustain our separate social and individual identity. In this study, the translation of linguistic units can only be understood when considered together with the cultural contexts in which they arise, and in which they are used. Blogging in Singapore and the Philippines is part of the ‘cooperative and territorial imperatives’ where the use of English as a lingua franca is intertwined with translanguaging
The complex channel networks of bone structure
Bone structure in mammals involves a complex network of channels (Havers and
Volkmann channels) required to nourish the bone marrow cells. This work
describes how three-dimensional reconstructions of such systems can be obtained
and represented in terms of complex networks. Three important findings are
reported: (i) the fact that the channel branching density resembles a power law
implies the existence of distribution hubs; (ii) the conditional node degree
density indicates a clear tendency of connection between nodes with degrees 2
and 4; and (iii) the application of the recently introduced concept of
hierarchical clustering coefficient allows the identification of typical scales
of channel redistribution. A series of important biological insights is drawn
and discussedComment: 3 pages, 1 figure, The following article has been submitted to
Applied Physics Letters. If it is published, it will be found online at
http://apl.aip.org
Final state interaction phase in B decays
From an estimate of the meson-meson inelastic scatterin at 5 GeV it is
concluded that a typical strong phase in B decays to two mesons is of order of
20 degrees. For a particular final state an estimate of the phase depends on
whether that state is more or less probable as a final state compared to those
states to which it is connected by the strong interaction S matrix.Comment: 10 pages in RevTex with 1 eps figur
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Local walking and cycling by residents living near urban motorways: cross-sectional analysis
Abstract: Background: Everyday activities, such as walking or cycling, may be a feasible and practical way to integrate physical activity into everyday life. Walking and cycling for transport or recreation in the area local to a person’s home may have additional benefits. However, urban planning tends to prioritise car use over active modes. We explored the cross-sectional association between living near an urban motorway and local walking and cycling. Methods: In 2013, residents living in an area (a) near a new urban motorway (M74), (b) near a longstanding urban motorway (M8), or (c) without a motorway, in Glasgow, Scotland, were invited to complete postal surveys assessing local walking and cycling journeys and socio-demographic characteristics. Using adjusted regression models, we assessed the association between motorway proximity and self-reported local walking and cycling, as well as the count of types of destination accessed. We stratified our analyses according to study area. Results: One thousand three hundred forty-three residents (57% female; mean age: 54 years; SD: 16 years) returned questionnaires. There was no overall association between living near an urban motorway and the likelihood of local walking or cycling, or the number of types of local destination accessed by foot or bicycle. In stratified analyses, for those living in the area around the new M74 motorway, increasing residential proximity to the motorway was associated with lower likelihood of local recreational walking and cycling (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.00) a pattern not found in the area with the longstanding M8 motorway. In the area near the M8 motorway residential proximity was statistically significantly (p = 0.014) associated with a 12% decrease in the number of types of destination accessed, a pattern not found in the M74 study area. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that associations between living near a motorway and local walking and cycling behaviour may vary by the characteristics of the motorway, and by whether the behaviour is for travel or recreation. The lack of associations seen in the study area with no motorway suggests a threshold effect whereby beyond a certain distance from a motorway, additional distance makes no difference
Evidence for a Photospheric Component in the Prompt Emission of the Short GRB120323A and its Effects on the GRB Hardness-Luminosity Relation
The short GRB 120323A had the highest flux ever detected with the Fermi/GBM.
Here we study its remarkable spectral properties and their evolution using two
spectral models: (i) a single emission component scenario, where the spectrum
is modeled by the empirical Band function, and (ii) a two component scenario,
where thermal (Planck-like) emission is observed simultaneously with a
non-thermal component (a Band function). We find that the latter model fits the
integrated burst spectrum significantly better than the former, and that their
respective spectral parameters are dramatically different: when fit with a Band
function only, the Epeak of the event is unusually soft for a short GRB, while
adding a thermal component leads to more typical short GRB values. Our
time-resolved spectral analysis produces similar results. We argue here that
the two-component model is the preferred interpretation for GRB 120323A, based
on: (i) the values and evolution of the Band function parameters of the two
component scenario, which are more typical for a short GRB, and (ii) the
appearance in the data of a significant hardness-intensity correlation,
commonly found in GRBs, when we employee two-component model fits; the
correlation is non-existent in the Band-only fits. GRB 110721A, a long burst
with an intense photospheric emission, exhibits the exact same behavior. We
conclude that GRB 120323A has a strong photospheric emission contribution,
first time observed in a short GRB. Magnetic dissipation models are difficult
to reconcile with these results, which instead favor photospheric thermal
emission and fast cooling synchrotron radiation from internal shocks. Finally,
we derive a possibly universal hardness-luminosity relation in the source frame
using a larger set of GRBs L,i=(1.59+/-0.84).10^50 (Epeak,i)^(1.33+/-0.07)
erg/s), which could be used as a possible redshift estimator for cosmology.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures, Accepted by ApJ (April, 7th 2013
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