Analysis of prepositions: near and away from Frames of reference.

XXII Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials (Any 2017)Traditional strategies and procedures to learn a foreign language include the study of rules of grammar and doing exercises such as filling the gaps, repetition of words, drills, memorization of irregular verbs and sentences which may express usual expressions of everyday life. Even if the array of exercises is adequate, polysemy in prepositions causes difficulties in choosing the proper preposition conveying the meaning required by different contexts. Two prepositions of the horizontal axis (near and away from) are taken into consideration in this paper. Approaching the problem from the theory of polysemy and understanding, the use of these prepositions is explored along the dimensions of function, topology – which is the study of physical space–, and force dynamics – introduced in studies such as Navarro (1998)–, as well as the notion of frame of reference (Levinson, 2004). Then, the different senses and uses of these prepositions of the horizontal axis are systematized, explained and examples are used to illustrate the difficulties in learning a language and the doubts which students may have in some situations

A Prelude to Joyce’s Chamber Music

It seems appropriate not to overlook the documentary value of Chamber Music in so far as it might be profitably approached as a kind of aesthetic laboratory where Joyce experimented with various styles, forms, and modes of expression. In particular, the book documents an early Joycean attempt to explore the interaction between sound and meaning, with a view to the ideal blending of two com plementary discourses, i.e. poetry and music. Such a revaluation would redress the balance in establishing the literary interest of Chamber Music, which might then emerge as a significant step both in the progress of Joyce’s art and in the development of the poetry and poetics of the pre-modernist generation.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologi

Towards a New Psychoanalytic Theory of Abandonment: A Feminist Intervention Via Myth

Summary of early research which led to the current study of the myths Clinical background to the current research on myths My work as an academic and my private clinical practice offered me the opportunity to attend female students and patients who in some way had experienced abandonment due to migration. While listening to them I was often forced to question the clinical strategies I was employing and to interrogate the psychoanalytic approaches that established abandonment as a paradigm of mental catastrophe. Why? Because in the different testimonies of these women there seemed to be no trace of severely damaged or perturbed psychic processes. This female experience while traversed and shaped by a male sexual desertion that, although negative in itself, was neither impairing nor psychopathologic – as the classic psychoanalytic theory of loss, abandonment and mourning had established. Quite surprisingly to me this specific form of abandonment, which is essentially centred on the ambiguous status of being and not being in a relationship, stimulated in these women very interesting unconscious process which led them to start breaking into traditional patriarchal social moulds and gender patterns. These women seemed to have become emancipated and thereby in command of many decisions which offered them a greater sense of independence and self-awareness while leading them to redefine aspects of their subjectivity which were before solidly linked to the prescriptions of their male partners. In very simple terms, these women did not consider themselves as victims. In order to tackle the unconscious vicissitudes underlying this form of female subjectivity, and since I did not usually keep written or taped records of my patients, I considered the implementation of clinical group work outside the context of my consulting room and office at the University. The Clinical Work Group 2003-2004 With the support of the Instituto Michoacano de la Mujer (The Michoacan Women's Institute) in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico and the Universidad Michocana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo (UMNSH) the clinical work group was set up and it took place throughout eight sessions from November 21, 2003 to February 6, 2004 with the participation of five women and a colleague of mine in the role of observer. Theoretical Background My study case was organised as an operative group following the approach of the Argentinean socio-psychoanalyst Enrique Pichon-Riviere who made important contributions to the study of group dynamics and their role in society. As he himself describes it, “the technique of these groups is centred on the task, where theory and practice are resolved in a permanent and concrete praxis of the ‘here and now’ of each indicated field.” The two main hypotheses guiding the operative group technique were: 1) The pre-existence within each subject of ECROS (Conceptual Referential Operative Schema) which are stereotyped structures of thought that achieve a certain unity through group work and later stimulate the group’s operative referential scheme. 2) There is an essential similarity between the processes of teaching and learning, on the one hand, and of therapy, on the other. This kind of group was therefore centred on the participants’ pursuit of a rational learning task and not an explicitly therapeutic one. This means that participants were not labelled as patients requiring a therapeutic process but as individuals (women) who were invited to join a group learning experience. On the other hand, the group experience itself was conceived and conducted in relation to British psychoanalyst W.R. Bion’s basic assumptions concerning group theory, which means the application of a theoretical understanding of the psychoanalytic principles of group psychotherapy. In general terms, what Bion postulates is that there is a group mentality, -the unanimous expression of the will of the group that presents difficulties for the individual in the pursuit of their aims -, which can be understood in the light of three basic assumptions, or three recurrent patterns of behaviour: pair, fight-flight and dependence. Approach to the group The task undertaken in this case consisted of the reading of short stories which I selected on the basis of their themes which needed to be relevant to aspects of the research topic, and thus included stories about the separation of lovers, abandonment, marriage problems and ordeals, female sexuality and the role of women in Michoacán’s migrant communities. The titles of the stories were as follows: 1) “La Tejedora” (“The Spinner”) 2) “El Hombre de Hierro” (“The Iron Man”) 3) “Gracias a la Vida” (“Thanks to Life”) 4) “Underwood” 5) “El Esposo” (“The Husband”) 6) “Una Yunta” (“A Yoke”) 7) “Los Ciclos de la Vida” (“Life Cycles”) Outcomes The group work revealed that abandoned women by migrant men were not psychologically damaged. Further details An extensive account of the methodology, theory and development of the group work experience is offered at: [site details to be supplied during April 2009

A New Characterization of Fine Scale Diffusion on the Cell Membrane

We use a large single particle tracking data set to analyze the short time and small spatial scale motion of quantum dots labeling proteins in cell membranes. Our analysis focuses on the jumps which are the changes in the position of the quantum dots between frames in a movie of their motion. Previously we have shown that the directions of the jumps are uniformly distributed and the jump lengths can be characterized by a double power law distribution. Here we show that the jumps over a small number of time steps can be described by scalings of a {\em single} double power law distribution. This provides additional strong evidence that the double power law provides an accurate description of the fine scale motion. This more extensive analysis provides strong evidence that the double power law is a novel stable distribution for the motion. This analysis provides strong evidence that an earlier result that the motion can be modeled as diffusion in a space of fractional dimension roughly 3/2 is correct. The form of the power law distribution quantifies the excess of short jumps in the data and provides an accurate characterization of the fine scale diffusion and, in fact, this distribution gives an accurate description of the jump lengths up to a few hundred nanometers. Our results complement of the usual mean squared displacement analysis used to study diffusion at larger scales where the proteins are more likely to strongly interact with larger membrane structures.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Genes Encoding Recognition of the Cladosporium fulvum Effector Protein Ecp5 Are Encoded at Several Loci in the Tomato Genome

The molecular interactions between tomato and Cladosporium fulvum have been an important model for molecular plant pathology. Complex genetic loci on tomato chromosomes 1 and 6 harbor genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum, encoding receptor like-proteins that perceive distinct Cladosporium fulvum effectors and trigger plant defenses. Here, we report classical mapping strategies for loci in tomato accessions that respond to Cladosporium fulvum effector Ecp5, which is very sequence-monomorphic. We screened 139 wild tomato accessions for an Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response, and in five accessions, the Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response segregated as a monogenic trait, mapping to distinct loci in the tomato genome. We identified at least three loci on chromosomes 1, 7 and 12 that harbor distinct Cf-Ecp5 genes in four different accessions. Our mapping showed that the Cf-Ecp5 in Solanum pimpinellifolium G1.1161 is located at the Milky Way locus. The Cf-Ecp5 in Solanum pimpinellifolium LA0722 was mapped to the bottom arm of chromosome 7, while the Cf-Ecp5 genes in Solanum lycopersicum Ontario 7522 and Solanum pimpinellifolium LA2852 were mapped to the same locus on the top arm of chromosome 12. Bi-parental crosses between accessions carrying distinct Cf-Ecp5 genes revealed putative genetically unlinked suppressors of the Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response. Our mapping also showed that Cf-11 is located on chromosome 11, close to the Cf-3 locus. The Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response is widely distributed within tomato species and is variable in strength. This novel example of convergent evolution could be used for choosing different functional Cf-Ecp5 genes according to individual plant breeding needs

Associations between hoof lesions and locomotion score in 1098 unsound dairy cows

To investigate the association between locomotion score and types of hoof lesion, cows from 91 selected dairy herds in southern Chile were studied. The locomotion score was recorded for all of the lactating cows (n = 10,699). The mean prevalence of lame cows, when all locomotion scores >1 were included was 33.2% in large herds and 28.7% in small herds. There were 39.7%, 42%, 17.9% and 0.4% cows with locomotion scores of 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Feet (with locomotion scores representative of all severities of lameness) were examined on 676 cows from 34 large herds and 422 cows from 57 small herds. The prevalence of lesions by type ranged from 65% of cattle with at least one white line lesion to 2% of cattle with an interdigital growth. The lesions linked with increasingly poor locomotion were sole ulcer, double sole and interdigital purulent inflammation. There was correlation between claw skin lesions and also between sole ulcer and double sole within cows. It was concluded that the presence of a lesion does not imply that it is necessarily associated with increasing locomotion score. The lack of association between certain lesions and poor locomotion scores indicates either that these lesions are causing different severities of lameness, or that the case definitions used were not sufficiently precise. Locomotion score may not be sensitive enough to detect all lesions (and possibly discomfort)

Pintores de Lisboa (séculos XVII e XVIII): a Irmandade de S. Lucas

O presente livro Pintores de Lisboa do século XVII e XVIII – a Irmandade de S. Lucas trata do universo de artistas que laborou nesta cidade e que se dedicou à arte da pintura e à prática do debuxo . Desde pintores nascidos e formados nas principais oficinas da capital até estrangeiros que estanciaram ou se fixaram no nosso país, atraídos pela oportunidade de trabalhar para a Coroa portuguesa, detentora de um vasto Império, todos satisfizeram encomendas para a clientela lisboeta, ávida pelo consumo de obras de arte. Em comum, artistas nacionais e estrangeiros tiveram a devoção ao Santo Patrono, o Evangelista S. Lucas, cuja confraria instituída no antigo Mosteiro da Anunciada regulou, por quase dois séculos, a actividade de pintores de cavalete, de brutescos, de dourado, de quadratura, de azulejo, de iluminura e dos demais ofícios relacionados com a arte do desenho. As fontes documentais subjacentes à realização deste livro encontram-se à guarda da Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes, que já tinham conhecido uma primeira publicação em 1931, de autoria do Coronel Garcez Teixeira. Considerando que tal obra apresentava apenas extractos da informação contida nesse fundo documental, tornava-se imperiosa a publicação da história da Irmandade ainda inédita, numa versão mais completa e alargada, no ano em que a Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes completa 180 anos de existência.IHA-FCSH/NOVA; Academia Nacional de Belas-ArtesEste trabalho é fnanciado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia no âmbito do Projecto Estratégico. UID/PAM/00417/2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Language Modeling by Clustering with Word Embeddings for Text Readability Assessment

We present a clustering-based language model using word embeddings for text readability prediction. Presumably, an Euclidean semantic space hypothesis holds true for word embeddings whose training is done by observing word co-occurrences. We argue that clustering with word embeddings in the metric space should yield feature representations in a higher semantic space appropriate for text regression. Also, by representing features in terms of histograms, our approach can naturally address documents of varying lengths. An empirical evaluation using the Common Core Standards corpus reveals that the features formed on our clustering-based language model significantly improve the previously known results for the same corpus in readability prediction. We also evaluate the task of sentence matching based on semantic relatedness using the Wiki-SimpleWiki corpus and find that our features lead to superior matching performance

Turbulent mixing at a stable density interface : the variation of the buoyancy flux–gradient relation

Experiments conducted on mixing across a stable density interface in a turbulent Taylor–Couette flow show, for the first time, experimental evidence of an increase in mixing efficiency at large Richardson numbers. With increasing buoyancy gradient the buoyancy flux first passes a maximum, then decreases and at large values of the buoyancy gradient the flux increases again. Thus, the curve of buoyancy flux versus buoyancy gradient tends to be N-shaped (rather than simply bell shaped), a behaviour suggested by the model of Balmforth et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 428, 1998, p. 349). The increase in mixing efficiency at large Richardson numbers is attributed to a scale separation of the eddies active in mixing at the interface; when the buoyancy gradient is large mean kinetic energy is injected at scales much smaller than the eddy size fixed by the gap width, thus decreasing the eddy turnover time. Observations show that there is no noticeable change in interface thickness when the mixing efficiency increases; it is the mixing mechanism that changes. The curves of buoyancy flux versus buoyancy gradient also show a large variability for identical experimental conditions. These variations occur at time scales one to two orders of magnitude larger than the eddy turnover time scale