Fax/Modem Capabilities; Technology Alert, August 1994

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_news/2852/thumbnail.jp

Comparing Futures for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Analyzes expected changes to the hub of California's water system and presents a comparative assessment of four water management strategies for environmental sustainability and water supply reliability. Discusses policy and regulatory implications

Redshifts and Velocity Dispersions of Galaxy Clusters in the Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster

We present 118 new optical redshifts for galaxies in 12 clusters in the Horologium-Reticulum supercluster (HRS) of galaxies. For 76 galaxies, the data were obtained with the Dual Beam Spectrograph on the 2.3m telescope of the Australian National University at Siding Spring Observatory. After combining 42 previously unpublished redshifts with our new sample, we determine mean redshifts and velocity dispersions for 13 clusters, in which previous observational data were sparse. In six of the 13 clusters, the newly determined mean redshifts differ by more than 750 km/s from the published values. In the case of three clusters, A3047, A3109, and A3120, the redshift data indicate the presence of multiple components along the line of sight. The new cluster redshifts, when combined with other reliable mean redshifts for clusters in the HRS, are found to be distinctly bi-modal. Furthermore, the two redshift components are consistent with the bi-modal redshift distribution found for the inter-cluster galaxies in the HRS by Fleenor et al. (2005).Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to A

Drought and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, 2012–2016: Environmental Review and Lessons

This paper reviews environmental management and the use of science in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta during California’s 2012–2016 drought. The review is based on available reports and data, and guided by discussions with 27 agency staff, stake-holders, and researchers. Key management actions for the drought are discussed relative to four major drought water management priorities stated by water managers: support public health and safety, control saltwater intrusion, preserve cold water in Shasta Reservoir, and maintain minimum protections for endangered species. Despite some success in streamlining communication through interagency task forces, conflicting management mandates sometimes led to confusion about priorities and actions during the drought (i.e., water delivery, the environment, etc.). This report highlights several lessons and offers suggestions to improve management for future droughts. Recommendations include use of pre-drought warnings, timely drought declarations, improved transparency and useful documentation, better scientific preparation, development of a Delta drought management plan (including preparing for salinity barriers), and improved water accounting. Finally, better environmental outcomes occur when resources are applied to improving habitat and bolstering populations of native species during inter-drought periods, well before stressful conditions occur.

Large-Scale Velocity Structures in the Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster

We present 547 optical redshifts obtained for galaxies in the region of the Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster (HRS) using the 6dF multi-fiber spectrograph on the UK Schmidt Telescope at the Anglo Australian Observatory. The HRS covers an area of more than 12deg x 12deg on the sky centered at approximately RA = 03h19m, DEC = -50deg 02amin. Our 6dF observations concentrate upon the inter-cluster regions of the HRS, from which we describe four primary results. First, the HRS spans at least the redshift range from 17,000 to 22,500 km s^-1. Second, the overdensity of galaxies in the inter-cluster regions of the HRS in this redshift range is estimated to be 2.4, or del rho/ rho ~ 1.4. Third, we find a systematic trend of increasing redshift along a Southeast-Northwest (SE-NW) spatial axis in the HRS, in that the mean redshift of HRS members increases by more than 1500 km s^-1 from SE to NW over a 12 deg region. Fourth, the HRS is bi-modal in redshift with a separation of ~ 2500 km s^-1 (35 Mpc) between the higher and lower redshift peaks. This fact is particularly evident if the above spatial-redshift trend is fitted and removed. In short, the HRS appears to consist of two components in redshift space, each one exhibiting a similar systematic spatial-redshift trend along a SE-NW axis. Lastly, we compare these results from the HRS with the Shapley supercluster and find similar properties and large-scale features.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted to A

2nd Annual Computer & Technology Law Institute

Materials from the 2nd Annual Computer & Technology Law Institute held by UK/CLE in March 2000

Dietary nitrate improves vascular function in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Background: The beneficial cardiovascular effects of vegetables may be underpinned by their high inorganic nitrate content. Objective: We sought to examine the effects of a 6-wk once-daily intake of dietary nitrate (nitrate-rich beetroot juice) compared with placebo intake (nitrate-depleted beetroot juice) on vascular and platelet function in untreated hypercholesterolemics. Design: A total of 69 subjects were recruited in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. The primary endpoint was the change in vascular function determined with the use of ultrasound flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, with primary outcome data available for 67 patients. Dietary nitrate resulted in an absolute increase in the FMD response of 1.1% (an ∼24% improvement from baseline) with a worsening of 0.3% in the placebo group (P 1% of this change, with the proportions of Rothia mucilaginosa trending to increase and Neisseria flavescens (P < 0.01) increased after nitrate treatment relative to after placebo treatment. Conclusions: Sustained dietary nitrate ingestion improves vascular function in hypercholesterolemic patients. These changes are associated with alterations in the oral microbiome and, in particular, nitrate-reducing genera. Our findings provide additional support for the assessment of the potential of dietary nitrate as a preventative strategy against atherogenesis in larger cohorts. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01493752

The evaluation of colostral immune globulin determination procedures

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QUANTIFICATION OF BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G, IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M, AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A ANTIBODIES TO CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS B-TOXIN BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY: SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF MATERNALLY DERIVED ANTIBODIES ON IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN CALVES.

A quantitative competitive binding "triple sandwich" enzyme immunoassay was used to evaluate pathogen/class-specific antibody responses in Holstein-Friesian calves vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens B-toxin at various ages postpartum. Vaccination of dams at six weeks and again at two weeks prepartum increased pathogen-specific antibody levels in their colostrum and respective calf's serum. Calves initially vaccinated at three days produced both a primary and secondary pathogen-specific antibody response, whereas calves initially vaccinated at 12 and 21 days produced only secondary responses. Maternally-derived antibodies were found to suppress neonatal antibody production following primary immunization. They were also found to influence secondary humoral immune responses, although in a diminished capacity. Pathogen-specific IgG and IgM concentrations in dams' sera and colostra were found related to subsequent pathogen-specific IgG and IgM neonatal serum concentrations. Only pathogen-specific IgA in dams' colostra was correlated to neonatal levels, possibly owing to a different origin and role of this immunoglobulin class. All class-specific colostral immunoglobulin levels were related to subsequent neonatal concentrations. Based on results from this experiment, it is recommended that calves be vaccinated at three days postpartum with a booster administered at 63 days