Pengaruh Lama Waktu Simpan Terhadap Angka Escherichia Coli Dalam Air Minum Isi Ulang

Air merupakan komponen penting bagi tubuh. Menurut Permenkes No.492 Tahun 2010 tentang syarat mikrobiologi air minum adalah tidak ditemukannya bakteri Coliform dan Escherichia coli dalam 100 ml air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui berapa angka Escherichia coli pada air minum isi ulang sebelum dan sesudah disimpan 0 hari, 3 hari dan 6 hari dan mengetahui spesifisitas angka Escherichia coli uji metode  CFU berdasarkan uji Indol. Penelitian bersifat survey eksperimen dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dengan melakukan observasi dan pemeriksaan bakteriologi sampel air di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Sampel adalah air minum dari masing-masing depot air minum isi ulang di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya yang dimasukkan ke dalam botol steril. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode filtrasi dengan menggunakan filter steril 0,45 µm. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan tiga dari enam sampel mengandung Escherichia coli, sedangkan hasil sensitivitas adalah 100% CFU/ml dan spesifisitas adalah 0% CFU/ml berdasarkan uji Kruskal Wallis yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil p adalah 0,429 ini berarti nilai p>0,05 jadi tidak ada perbedaan angka Escherichia coli yang disimpan 0 hari, 3 hari dan 6 hari. Pengawasan terhadap depot air minum isi ulang di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya harus lebih ditingkatkan. Petugas kesehatan setempat diharapkan dapat memberikan penyuluhan kepada pemilik atau operator depot agar memperhatikan kebersihan depot serta peralatan yang digunakan

HOPE, an open platform for medical data management on the grid

International audienc

Military business and the business of the military

Contrary to dominant approaches that locate the causes for military entrepreneurialism in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo predominantly in criminal military elites, this article highlights the importance of the Congolese military’s (FARDC) civilian context for understanding military revenue-generation. It analyses how the latter is shaped by structures of domination, signification and legitimisation that drive and are driven by the FARDC’s governance, private protection and security practices. It argues that these practices contribute to bestowing a degree of legitimacy on both the FARDC’s position of power and some of its revenue-generation activities. Furthermore, by emphasising that the FARDC’s regulatory and protection practices are partly the product of popular demands and the routine actions of civilians, the article contends that the causes of military revenue-generation are co-located in the military’s civilian environment. In this manner, it offers a more nuanced conceptualisation of military entrepreneurialism, thus opening up new perspectives on policy interventions in this area

Coordinated Translocation of Mammalian Gli Proteins and Suppressor of Fused to the Primary Cilium

Intracellular transduction of Hedgehog (Hh) signals in mammals requires functional primary cilia. The Hh signaling effectors, the Gli family of transcription factors, and their negative regulator, Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), accumulate at the tips of cilia; however, the molecular mechanism regulating this localization remains elusive. In the current study, we show that the ciliary localization of mammalian Gli proteins depends on both their N-terminal domains and a central region lying C-terminal to the zinc-finger DNA-binding domains. Invertebrate Gli homologs Ci and Tra1, when over-expressed in ciliated mouse fibroblasts, fail to localize to the cilia, suggesting the lack of a vertebrate-specific structural feature required for ciliary localization. We further show that activation of protein kinase A (PKA) efficiently inhibits ciliary localization of Gli2 and Gli3, but only moderately affects the ciliary localization of Gli1. Interestingly, variants of Gli2 mimicking the phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated states of Gli2 are both localized to the cilia, and their ciliary localizations are subjected to the inhibitory effect of PKA activation, suggesting a likely indirect mechanism underlying the roles of PKA in Gli ciliary localization. Finally, we show that ciliary localization of Sufu is dependent on ciliary-localized Gli proteins, and is inhibited by PKA activation, suggesting a coordinated mechanism for the ciliary translocation of Sufu and Gli proteins

SUMOylation by Pias1 Regulates the Activity of the Hedgehog Dependent Gli Transcription Factors

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, a vital signaling pathway for the development and homeostasis of vertebrate tissues, is mediated by members of the Gli family of zinc finger transcription factors. Hh signaling increases the transcriptional activity of Gli proteins, at least in part, by inhibiting their proteolytic processing. Conversely, phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibits Gli transcriptional activity by promoting their ubiquitination and proteolysis. Whether other post-translational modifications contribute to the regulation of Gli protein activity has been unclear.Here we provide evidence that all three Gli proteins are targets of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-1 conjugation. Expression of SUMO-1 or the SUMO E3 ligase, Pias1, increased Gli transcriptional activity in cultured cells. Moreover, PKA activity reduced Gli protein SUMOylation. Strikingly, in the embryonic neural tube, the forced expression of Pias1 increased Gli activity and induced the ectopic expression of the Gli dependent gene Nkx2.2. Conversely, a point mutant of Pias1, that lacks ligase activity, blocked the endogenous expression of Nkx2.2.Together, these findings provide evidence that Pias1-dependent SUMOylation influences Gli protein activity and thereby identifies SUMOylation as a post-translational mechanism that regulates the hedgehog signaling pathway

Architecture, symbolic capital and elite mobilizations: The case of the Royal Bank of Scotland corporate campus

In this article, we apply the conceptual framework of Pierre Bourdieu, in particular forms of capital, social fields, field of power and modes of domination, to demonstrate how the study of a symbolically powerful building can provide insights into what are often opaque elite interactions. In order to do this, we focus on the corporate campus headquarters of a powerful financial institution, the Royal Bank of Scotland in the context of Scotland in the period 2000–2009. We pose the following questions: What is the relationship between corporate space and the field of power? What role does a corporate building play in circuits of capital conversion? What does this case tell us about the role of architecture in elite mobilisations? In addressing these questions, we contribute to critical organisation studies by identifying and theorising the role of corporate space in inter-elite dynamics and circuits of capital conversion. This approach, we argue, provides a methodological lever which could be applied to other symbolically important buildings in order to understand the nature and role of inter-field interactions in the conception and realisation of such buildings

Implementation of a Grid-based telemedicine platform

PCSV, Abstracts Boo