Evolution of the diet in the pos-operatory of bariatric surgeries: integrating review of the literature

Cada vez mais as pessoas estão recorrendo à cirurgia bariátrica para a perda ponderal e melhora das comorbidades associadas ao excesso de peso, sendo a técnica mais comum bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (Fobi-Capella), esta técnica cirúrgica atualmente é considerada padrão ouro. A perda de peso desses pacientes é garantida pela baixa ingestão alimentar devido à diminuição da capacidade gástrica e também pela má absorção dos nutrientes. Objetivo: Esse trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os diferentes tipos de condutas dietéticas no PO aplicadas em diferentes locais e seus aspectos mais relevantes para a conduta do nutricionista. Métodos: Levantamento dos artigos literários, busca nas bases de dados Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medline, Ibecs, Sec. Est. Saúde P, Scielo e Google Acadêmico.  Sendo utilizados para a busca dos artigos os descritores cirurgia bariátrica e dieta pós-operatória e suas combinações nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Resultados: Os autores ressaltam a necessidade de começar a dieta pós-operatória pela dieta líquida, em pequenas quantidades e progredir até chegar à dieta geral, no entanto, divergem quanto ao tempo em dias para evolução da consistência das dietas. Conclusão: Apesar das condutas apresentarem semelhanças ainda são necessários mais estudos para a realização de um protocolo padronizado sobre alimentação pós-cirurgia bariátrica com o objetivo de nortear os profissionais de saúde e evitar que continuem ocorrendo déficits de nutrientes e micronutrientes nesses pacientes. ABSTRACTEvolution of the diet in the pos-operatory of bariatric surgeries: integrating review of the literature More and more people are using bariatric surgery for weight loss and improvement of comorbidities associated with overweight, the most common Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique (Fobi-Capella), this surgical technique is currently considered standard gold. The weight loss of these patients is guaranteed by low food intake due to decreased gastric capacity and also by malabsorption of nutrients. Objective: This study aims to verify the different types of dietary conducts in the OP applied in different places and their aspects more relevant to the behavior of the nutritionist. Methods: Survey of literary articles, search in the Latin American and Caribbean databases on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medline, Ibecs, Sec. Est. Saúde P, Scielo and Google Scholar. Being used for the search of the articles the descriptors bariatric surgery and postoperative diet and their combinations in the Portuguese and English languages. Results: The authors emphasize the need to start the postoperative diet through the liquid diet, in small amounts and progress until reaching the general diet, however, they differ as to the time in days for the evolution of the consistency of the diets. Conclusion: Despite the similarity of the conduct, further studies are needed to establish a standardized protocol on diet after bariatric surgery in order to guide health professionals and to avoid that nutrient and micronutrient deficits continue to occur in these patients.More and more people are using bariatric surgery for weight loss and improvement of comorbidities associated with overweight, the most common Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique (Fobi-Capella), this surgical technique is currently considered standard gold. The weight loss of these patients is guaranteed by low food intake due to decreased gastric capacity and also by malabsorption of nutrients. Objective: This study aims to verify the different types of dietary conducts in the OP applied in different places and their aspects more relevant to the behavior of the nutritionist. Methods: Survey of literary articles, search in the Latin American and Caribbean databases on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medline, Ibecs, Sec. Est. Saúde P, Scielo and Google Scholar. Being used for the search of the articles the descriptors bariatric surgery and postoperative diet and their combinations in the Portuguese and English languages. Results: The authors emphasize the need to start the postoperative diet through the liquid diet, in small amounts and progress until reaching the general diet, however, they differ as to the time in days for the evolution of the consistency of the diets. Conclusion: Despite the similarity of the conduct, further studies are needed to establish a standardized protocol on diet after bariatric surgery in order to guide health professionals and to avoid that nutrient and micronutrient deficits continue to occur in these patients

Evolução da dieta no pós-operatório de cirurgias bariátricas: revisão integrativa da literatura

More and more people are using bariatric surgery for weight loss and improvement of comorbidities associated with overweight, the most common Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique (Fobi-Capella), this surgical technique is currently considered standard gold. The weight loss of these patients is guaranteed by low food intake due to decreased gastric capacity and also by malabsorption of nutrients. Objective: This study aims to verify the different types of dietary conducts in the OP applied in different places and their aspects more relevant to the behavior of the nutritionist. Methods: Survey of literary articles, search in the Latin American and Caribbean databases on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medline, Ibecs, Sec. Est. Saúde P, Scielo and Google Scholar. Being used for the search of the articles the descriptors bariatric surgery and postoperative diet and their combinations in the Portuguese and English languages. Results: The authors emphasize the need to start the postoperative diet through the liquid diet, in small amounts and progress until reaching the general diet, however, they differ as to the time in days for the evolution of the consistency of the diets. Conclusion: Despite the similarity of the conduct, further studies are needed to establish a standardized protocol on diet after bariatric surgery in order to guide health professionals and to avoid that nutrient and micronutrient deficits continue to occur in these patients.Cada vez mais as pessoas estão recorrendo à cirurgia bariátrica para a perda ponderal e melhora das comorbidades associadas ao excesso de peso, sendo a técnica mais comum bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (Fobi-Capella), esta técnica cirúrgica atualmente é considerada padrão ouro. A perda de peso desses pacientes é garantida pela baixa ingestão alimentar devido à diminuição da capacidade gástrica e também pela má absorção dos nutrientes. Objetivo: Esse trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os diferentes tipos de condutas dietéticas no PO aplicadas em diferentes locais e seus aspectos mais relevantes para a conduta do nutricionista. Métodos: Levantamento dos artigos literários, busca nas bases de dados Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medline, Ibecs, Sec. Est. Saúde P, Scielo e Google Acadêmico.  Sendo utilizados para a busca dos artigos os descritores cirurgia bariátrica e dieta pós-operatória e suas combinações nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Resultados: Os autores ressaltam a necessidade de começar a dieta pós-operatória pela dieta líquida, em pequenas quantidades e progredir até chegar à dieta geral, no entanto, divergem quanto ao tempo em dias para evolução da consistência das dietas. Conclusão: Apesar das condutas apresentarem semelhanças ainda são necessários mais estudos para a realização de um protocolo padronizado sobre alimentação pós-cirurgia bariátrica com o objetivo de nortear os profissionais de saúde e evitar que continuem ocorrendo déficits de nutrientes e micronutrientes nesses pacientes. ABSTRACTEvolution of the diet in the pos-operatory of bariatric surgeries: integrating review of the literature More and more people are using bariatric surgery for weight loss and improvement of comorbidities associated with overweight, the most common Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique (Fobi-Capella), this surgical technique is currently considered standard gold. The weight loss of these patients is guaranteed by low food intake due to decreased gastric capacity and also by malabsorption of nutrients. Objective: This study aims to verify the different types of dietary conducts in the OP applied in different places and their aspects more relevant to the behavior of the nutritionist. Methods: Survey of literary articles, search in the Latin American and Caribbean databases on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medline, Ibecs, Sec. Est. Saúde P, Scielo and Google Scholar. Being used for the search of the articles the descriptors bariatric surgery and postoperative diet and their combinations in the Portuguese and English languages. Results: The authors emphasize the need to start the postoperative diet through the liquid diet, in small amounts and progress until reaching the general diet, however, they differ as to the time in days for the evolution of the consistency of the diets. Conclusion: Despite the similarity of the conduct, further studies are needed to establish a standardized protocol on diet after bariatric surgery in order to guide health professionals and to avoid that nutrient and micronutrient deficits continue to occur in these patients

Percepción de la población de Santa Maria de Itabira (MG) sobre la implantación de una mina de mineral de hierro en la región de Morro Oscuro

A atividade minerária representa um dos setores fundamentais para a economia mundial, atuando no suprimento de matérias-primas para os mais variados seguimentos e na manutenção da qualidade de vida da população. No entanto, a mineração desencadeia impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais, os quais requerem o estabelecimento de políticas que possibilitem o desenvolvimento desta atividade em bases mais eficientes. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a percepção da população de Santa Maria de Itabira (MG) acerca da implantação de uma mina de minério de ferro ao longo da Serra de Morro Escuro e dos impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais decorrentes de tal atividade. Para tal, foram aplicados questionários a 371 moradores desse município. Dessa forma, foi possível avaliar que apesar da população identificar os impactos socioambientais negativos desencadeados pela atividade minerária, tais como degradação, poluição, desmatamento, contaminação, risco de acidentes e problemas de saúde, uma parcela significativa considera importante a instalação de tal atividade na cidade, dada a possibilidade de geração de empregos e crescimento econômico do município. Ressalta-se a importância da realização de novas pesquisas voltadas para a compreensão dos anseios e percepções dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos na extração mineral, de modo que esta atividade possa promover práticas sustentáveis que permitam aos cidadãos o direito de suprir suas necessidades, sem comprometer àquelas relacionadas à geração futura.Mining activity represents one of the fundamental sectors for the world economy, acting in the supply of raw materials for the most varied segments and in maintaining the population quality of life. However, mining triggers social, economic and environmental impacts, which require the establishment of policies that allow the development of this activity in a more efficient way. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the perception of Santa Maria de Itabira (MG) population about the implantation of an iron ore mine along the Serra de Morro Escuro and the socioeconomic and environmental impacts resulting from this activity. For that, questionnaires were applied to 371 residents of this municipality. Thus, it was possible to evaluate that despite the population identifies the negative socio-environmental impacts triggered by the mining activity, such as degradation, pollution, deforestation, contamination, accident risk and health problems, a significant portion considers it important to install such activity in the city, given the possibility of job creation and economic growth of the municipality. It is important to carry out new research aimed at understanding the aspirations and perceptions of the different social actors involved in mineral extraction, so that this activity can promote sustainable practices that allow citizens the right to meet their needs without compromising those related to the future generation.La actividad minera representa uno de los sectores fundamentales para la economía mundial, actuando en el suministro de materias primas para los más variados seguimientos y en el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida de la población. Sin embargo, la minería desencadena impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales, los cuales requieren el establecimiento de políticas que posibiliten el desarrollo de esta actividad en bases más eficientes. En este contexto, esta investigación objetivó analizar la percepción de la población de Santa Maria de Itabira (MG) acerca de la implantación de una mina de mineral de hierro a lo largo de la Sierra de Morro Oscuro y de los impactos socioeconómicos y ambientales derivados de dicha actividad. Para ello, se aplicaron cuestionarios a 371 habitantes de ese municipio. De esta forma, fue posible evaluar que a pesar de la población identificar los impactos socioambientales negativos desencadenados por la actividad minera, tales como degradación, contaminación, deforestación, contaminación, riesgo de accidentes y problemas de salud, una parte significativa considera importante la instalación de tal actividad en la ciudad , dada la posibilidad de generación de empleos y crecimiento económico del municipio. Se resalta la importancia de la realización de nuevas investigaciones dirigidas a la comprensión de los anhelos y percepciones de los diferentes actores sociales involucrados en la extracción mineral, de modo que esta actividad pueda promover prácticas sustentables que permitan a los ciudadanos el derecho de suplir sus necesidades, sin comprometer a aquellas relacionadas con la generación futura

Tempol, a superoxide dismutase-mimetic drug, prevents chronic ischemic renal injury in two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats

Tempol, a superoxide dismutase-mimetic drug, has been shown to attenuate radical-induced damage, exerting beneficial effects in the animal models of oxidative stress and hypertension. This study evaluated the effect of Tempol on renal structural and functional alterations in two-Kidney, one-Clip hypertensive rats. In this study, young male Wistar rats had the left kidney clipped (2K1C), and sham-operated animals (Sham) were used as controls. Animals received Tempol (1mmol/L in drinking water) or vehicle for 5 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was evaluated once a week. At the end of the experimental protocol, the animals were placed in metabolic cages to collect urine (24h) and then anesthetized with thiopental (70mg/kg i.p.) to collect blood by puncturing the descending aorta for biochemical analysis, and the clipped kidney for morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. The vasodilator effect of Tempol was evaluated in mesenteric arterial bed (MAB) isolated from adult Wistar rats. The chronic treatment with Tempol prevented the development of hypertension and the increased plasma levels of urea, creatinine, and 8-isoprostane in 2K1C animals. Tempol also improved both glomeruli number and kidney volume to normal levels in the 2K1C+Tempol group. In addition, the treatment prevented the increased collagen deposition and immunostaining for renin, caspase-3, and 8-isoprostane in the stenotic kidney of 2K1C animals. Moreover, Tempol induced a dose-dependent vasodilator response in MAB from Wistar rats. These results suggest that Tempol protects the stenotic kidney against chronic ischemic renal injury and prevents renal dysfunction in the 2K1C model, probably through its antioxidant, vasodilator and antihypertensive actions

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data