El maquinismo urbano hecho celuloide (1925-1936)

Industrial metropolises have become an unprecedented synchronization phenomenon, which has been capable of captivating the imagination and influencing the culture of large city dwellers. As a result, the cinema also ended up reflecting the social awareness of the industrial metropolis as a novelty. The machine metaphors that it generated were meant to convey all the urban synchronicity through the celluloid film, whether apologetically or critically. Underlying those new outlooks on urban life, there was a legitimate sense of awe before everything that was unknown and unprecedented about the daily events taking place in a metropolis. This study aims to identify the presence of the discourse of machinism dedicated to big cities in films of the interwar period.La metrópolis industrial constituyó un fenómeno de sincronización sin precedentes, capaz de impresionar el imaginario y la cultura de la época. Por consiguiente también el cine termina por reflejar la percepción social dirigida hacia la novedad de la metrópolis industrial y las metáforas relacionadas con el universo de las máquinas que produjo tratarían de traducir la sincronía urbana al celuloide, ya sea en forma apologética o crítica. Subyace a todas las perspectivas una perplejidad legítima con lo mucho que había de desconocido e inédito en la vivencia cotidiana en la metrópolis. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar en películas del periodo de entreguerras la presencia de ese discurso vinculado a la máquina y dedicado a la gran ciudad, además de buscar reconocer los principales mecanismos utilizados para transponerlo al lenguaje cinematográfico

LA PERICIA MÉDICO LEGAL COMO FORMA DE PRODUCIR LA VERDAD Y SUS ADVERSARIOS EN LOS TRIBUNALES BRASILEÑOS DE ENTREGUERRAS

The medico-legal examination ensured the existence and the social impact of the biological positivist approaches to criminology that gained influence in Brazil during the interwar period. This examination turned scientific knowledge into accepted and acceptable documents that were also intelligible and useful. Examinations were social currencies used to facilitate the relationship between the power and knowledge of legal medicine and criminology. They disciplined the relationship between law and medicine and made feasible the power of judging. However, along the way they had to assert themselves against other traditions and knowledge. Their main opponents were the information obtained by the police from an offense or crime suspect through coercion, especially by means of torture; the decisions made by the jury and the evidence obtained from witnesses; and the delinquent's knowledge. What all these forms of truth production had in common was their non-expert origin, which became the main argument of forensic medical examiners against them.The aim of this article is to discuss the dispute over the prerogatives to produce the truth in institutional spaces that dealt with combating antisocial acts, and to point out the medico-scientific strategies used to prevail over the lay forms present in that shared environment.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

INTRODUCCIÓN: SABER Y PODER EN LA PERIFERIA DE OCCIDENTE

Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

La pericia médico legal como forma de producir la verdad y sus adversarios en los tribunales brasileños de entreguerras

The medico-legal examination ensured the existence and the social impact of the biological positivist approaches to criminology that gained influence in Brazil during the interwar period. This examination turned scientific knowledge into accepted and acceptable documents that were also intelligible and useful. Examinations were social currencies used to facilitate the relationship between the power and knowledge of legal medicine and criminology. They disciplined the relationship between law and medicine and made feasible the power of judging. However, along the way they had to assert themselves against other traditions and knowledge. Their main «opponents» were the information obtained by the police from an offense or crime suspect through coercion, especially by means of torture; the decisions made by the jury and the evidence obtained from witnesses; and the delinquent’s knowledge. What all these forms of «truth production» had in common was their non-expert origin, which became the main argument of forensic medical examiners against them. The aim of this article is to discuss the dispute over the prerogatives to produce the truth in institutional spaces that dealt with combating antisocial acts, and to point out the medico-scientific strategies used to prevail over the lay forms present in that shared environment.La pericia médico legal confería impacto social a las tesis de la criminología positivista de orientación biodeterminista que ejerció gran influencia en el Brasil de entreguerras. Esa pericia transformaba los conocimientos especializados, o sea, los saberes científicos, en documentos aceptables y eficientes, inteligibles y utilizables. Disciplinaba las relaciones entre derecho y medicina y acababa viabilizando el poder de juzgar. Pero en ese recorrido debía afirmarse contras otras tradiciones y saberes. Sus principales «adversarios» eran: el conocimiento policial producido por constreñimiento del sospechoso del crimen, principalmente a través de tortura; las decisiones tomadas por el tribunal del jurado y la producción de pruebas a partir de las declaraciones de los testigos; y el saber del propio individuo delincuente. Todas estas otras formas de «producir la verdad» tenían en común el hecho de originarse en el mundo indocto, extra científico, lo que acabó constituyendo el principal argumento de los médicos legistas contra ellas. Las reflexiones a continuación se ocupan de las disputas por las prerrogativas en producir la verdad en los espacios institucionales dedicados a combatir el acto antisocial y tratan de demostrar las estrategias del discurso médico-científico para imponerse a las formas legas que con él convivían en esos ambientes

O trabalho como objeto médico-legal em São Paulo dos años 30

The legal medicine practised in São Paulo in the years 1930 was deeply influenced by biodeterminism theses. In an attempt to harmonise body and work, professionals in the area aimed at rationalising the "therapeutic treatment" of delinquents, as well as the factory discipline and productivity. Thus one of the main points in their discourse was the theme related to work. The present article analyses the content of such a discourse.A medicina legal praticada em São Paulo dos anos 30 estava impregnada de teses biodeterministas. Buscando harmonizar corpo e trabalho, os profissionais da área objetivavam racionalizar tanto o "tratamento" de delinqüentes, quanto a produtividade e disciplina fabris. Por isso, um dos eixos centrais de seu discurso era o tema do trabalho. O presente artigo analisa o conteúdo deste discurso

The urban machinism translated to celluloid (1925-1936)

Industrial metropolises have become an unprecedented synchronization phenomenon, which has been capable of captivating the imagination and influencing the culture of large city dwellers. As a result, the cinema also ended up reflecting the social awareness of the industrial metropolis as a novelty. The machine metaphors that it generated were meant to convey all the urban synchronicity through the celluloid film, whether apologetically or critically. Underlying those new outlooks on urban life, there was a legitimate sense of awe before everything that was unknown and unprecedented about the daily events taking place in a metropolis. This study aims to identify the presence of the discourse of machinism dedicated to big cities in films of the interwar period

Introduction: knowledge and power in the periphery of the West

Introducción del Dossier: Biopoder y determinismos en Sudamérica durante el siglo XX.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la EducaciónConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica