Phylogenetic Study of Dioecious and Parthenogenetic Populations of Canthocamptus staphylinus (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida)

The phylogenetic relationships of four dioecious populations and one parthenogenetic population of the harpacticoid Canthocamptus staphylinus Jurine were studied. Analysis of the mtCOI gene revealed two main clades as a phylogenetic tree and a network of haplotypes: a clade with Fennoscandian populations in Lake Pääjärvi (Finland) and Lake Vänern (Sweden), and a second clade with populations in Lake Võrtsjärv (Estonia), Orlov Pond in Saint Petersburg (Russia), and the type locality of the species in Lake Geneva (Switzerland).The parthenogenetic population of C. staphylinus showed the smallest nucleotide and haplotype polymorphisms and could have evolved as a reaction to the changing environmental conditions following the Last Glacial Maximum, 20K YBP.</p

Continental copepod biodiversity in North-Eastern Borneo, Malaysia

To obtain a relevant information on copepod biodiversity/distribution in continental Borneo water bodies in June 2011 about 30 different sites in Malaysian state Sabah were visited and more than 50 alcohol and formalin preserved samples in nine rivers, 10 ponds, and six near-road ditches and canals, rice fields and forest leaf litter environment were collected. In literature 16 copepod species were referred for Borneo and 10 other species for Kalimantan (Indonesean) states. After the Sabah sample analyses, the copepodspecies richnessin the Borneo island increased more than twice. The most abundant with species number genera were ranged as: Mesocyclops (13), Elaphoidella (6), Microcyclops (5), Eucyclops (4), Thermocyclops (4), Halicyclops (3) and Paracyclops (3). Species biodiversity in different sites plotted against type of water body and several environment parameters revealed significant positive correlations for number of species and both for depth and temperature in sampling site (Pearson non-parametric tests 0.6 and 0.5 respectively at p < 0.05). One way Kruscal-Walise dispersal analysis confirmed significant relationship between copepod biodiversity and water transparence/ turbidity (p < 0.05). The highest copepod biodiversity values were found in ponds (23 species), near road ditches (15), rivers with transparent water (12), lowland or swamp areas related with rivers (9). The lowest number of species were found in rivers with turbid water colored in orange with soil-erosive matter where the average number of copepod species (0.2 ± 0.08 species per site) was about 20 times less than in waters without silt particles (3.8 ± 2.8 species per site). This indicates a strong negative effect of soil erosion resulting water land-used activities and deforestation in the watershed on the biodiversity of aquatic organisms in Borneo. In one sub-urban population of Mesocyclops cf. thermocyclopoides, a trans-sexual mutation of female-sized but constructed as male armed with genicu late antennule organisms was found that possibly reflect a negative result of wide artificial hormone-based pesticide usage in this area. Keys for Harpacticoida species for Borneo and for Eucyclops species known for SEAsia, Australia and India are provided. Within practically each copepod genus studied in Borneo there are forms with problems on species identification by existing faunistic keys. This possibly indicates a necessity of new species description from this area in the nearest future

Biogeographic patterns of planktonic and meiobenthic fauna diversity in inland waters of the Russian Arctic

Broad-scale assessment of biodiversity is needed for detection of future changes across substantial regions of the Arctic. Presently, there are large data and information gaps in species composition and richness of the freshwater planktonic and meiobenthos communities of the Russian Arctic. Analysis of these data is very important for identifying the spatial distribution and temporal changes in species richness and diversity of rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods in the continental Russian Arctic. We investigated biogeographic patterns of freshwater plankton and meiobenthos fromc. 67 degrees to 73 degrees N by analysing data over the period 1960-2017. These data include information on the composition of rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods obtained from planktonic and meiobenthic samples, as well as from subfossil remains in bottom sediments of seven regions from the Kola Peninsula in the west, to the Indigirka River Basin (east Siberia) in the east. Total richness included 175 species comprised of 49 rotifer genera, 81 species from 40 cladoceran genera, and 101 species from 42 genera of calanoid, cyclopoid, and harpacticoid copepods. Longitudinal trends in rotifer and micro-crustacean diversity were revealed by change in species composition from Europe to eastern Siberia. The most common and widespread species were 19 ubiquitous taxa that includedKellicottia longispina(Rotifera),Chydorus sphaericuss. lat. (Cladocera),Heterocope borealis,Acanthocyclops vernalis, andMoraria duthiei(Copepoda). The highest number of rare species was recorded in the well-studied region of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra and in the Putorana Plateau. The total number of copepod and rotifer species in both Arctic lakes and ponds tended to increase with latitude. Relative species richness of copepods was positively associated with waterbody area, elevation, and precipitation, while relative species richness of cladocerans was positively related to temperature. This result is consistent with known thermophilic characteristics of cladocerans and the cold tolerance properties of copepods, with the former being dominant in shallow, warmer waterbodies of some western regions, and the latter being dominant in large cold lakes and waterbodies of eastern regions. Rotifers showed a negative association with these factors. Alpha- and beta-diversity of zooplankton in the Russian Arctic were strongly related to waterbody type. Lake zooplankton communities were more diverse than those in pond and pool systems. Moreover, the highest beta-diversity values were observed in regions that showed a greater breadth in latitude and highly heterogeneous environmental conditions and waterbody types (Bolshezemelskaya tundra and Putorana Plateau). Redistribution of freshwater micro-fauna caused by human activities occurred in the 1990s and 2000s. As a result of climate warming, a few cladoceran species appear to have extended their range northward. Nevertheless, the rotifer and micro-crustacean fauna composition and diversity of the majority of Arctic regions generally remain temporally conservative, and spatial differences in composition and species richness are chiefly associated with the differences between the warmer European and colder east Siberian climates.Peer reviewe

Zooplankton and Dead Zooplankton in Kharbeyskie Lakes of Bolshezemelskaya Tundra (Period From 2009 to 2012)

В июле–августе 2009, 2010, 2012 гг. исследован состав и структура зоопланктона в системе Харбейских озер Большеземельской тундры. Обнаружено 87 видов и форм, из которых более половины коловратки (Rotifera). Планктонная фауна обследованных озер обычна для южных тундр и представлена азональными таксонами. Зоопланктон оз. Большой Харбей и придаточных озер различался по составу и количественным показателям, которые соответствовали различным уровням трофности экосистем. Межгодовая динамика планктонных сообществ в озерах была связана с динамикой погодных условий. Доминантный комплекс зоопланктона по численности в оз. Большой Харбей состоял из четырех, по биомассе – из девяти видов, был представлен эвпланктонными видами как коловраток, так и ракообразных (Cladocera, Copepoda) и слабо изменялся по годам. В небольших придаточных озерах число доминирующих в планктоне видов было меньшим по сравнению с оз. Большой Харбей, в глубоководных – доминантный комплекс был сходен с таковым в Большом Харбее. Не было выявлено достоверных различий в количестве зоопланктона в литорали и профундали основного озера системы. Пространственное распределение видов соответствовало морфологическим особенностям водоемов. В 2012 г. в основном и придаточных Харбейских озерах наблюдалась депрессия планктонных Copepoda, проявлявшаяся в высокой доле мертвых особей этих ракообразных в численности рачкового планктона. Наблюдали поражение микропаразитами (вероятно, грибковое) доминирующего вида – Heterocope appendiculata (Copepoda)Zooplankton composition and structure in Kharbeyskie Lakes system of Bolshezemelskaya tundra were investigated in July, August of 2009, 2010 and 2012. In total, 87 species and forms were found and more than half of them belonged to rotifers (Rotifera). Plankton fauna of the studied lakes was typical for southern tundra and presented by azonal taxa. Composition and abundance of zooplankton of Bolshoy Kharbey Lake and adjacent lakes were different and correspond to trophic conditions in ecosystems. Inter-annual dynamics of plankton communities in the lakes was determined by weather conditions. In Bolshoy Kharbey Lake four euplanktonic species of rotifers and crustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda) dominated in terms of abundance and nine species dominated in terms of biomass. Inter-annual changes in dominant species composition were insignificant. In Bolshoy Kharbey Lake the number of dominant species were more than in the adjacent lakes. Differences in the abundance of zooplankton between littoral and prophundal zones of the main lake were not significant. Spatial distribution of species was determined by the morphology of the lakes. Depression of plankton copepods in the main and adjacent Kharbeyskie Lakes was observed in 2012 and proportion of dead individuals in crustacean communities was high. Probably it was related with mass infection of dominant species Heterocope appendiculata (Copepoda) by microparasite

Improving the framework for assessment of ecological change in the Arctic: A circumpolar synthesis of freshwater biodiversity

1. Climate warming and subsequent landscape transformations result in rapid ecological change in Arctic freshwaters. Here we provide a synthesis of the diversity of benthic diatoms, plankton, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fish in Arctic freshwaters.2. We developed a multi-organism measure of alpha diversity to characterise circumpolar spatial patterns and their environmental correlates, and we assessed ecoregion-level beta diversity for all organism groups across the Arctic.3. Alpha diversity was lowest at high latitudes and elevations and where dispersal barriers exist. Diversity was positively related to temperature, and both temperature and connectivity limited diversity on high latitude islands. Beta diversity was highly variable among ecoregions for most organism groups, ranging from 0 (complete similarity) to 1 (complete dissimilarity). The high degree of dissimilarity within many ecoregions illustrates the uniqueness of many Arctic freshwater communities.4. Northward range expansion of freshwater taxa into Arctic regions may lead to increased competition for cold-stenothermic and cold-adapted species, and ultimately lead to the extinction of unique Arctic species. Societal responses to predicted impacts include: (1) actions to improve detection of changes (e.g., harmonised monitoring, remote sensing) and engagement with Arctic residents and Indigenous Peoples; and (2) actions to reduce the impact of unwanted changes (e.g., reductions of CO2 emissions, action against the spread of invasive species).5. Current Arctic freshwater monitoring shows large gaps in spatial coverage, while time series data are scarce. Arctic countries should develop an intensified, long-term monitoring programme with routine reporting. Such an approach will allow detection of long-term changes in water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of Arctic freshwaters

First circumpolar assessment of Arctic freshwater phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity : Spatial patterns and environmental factors

Arctic freshwaters are facing multiple environmental pressures, including rapid climate change and increasing land-use activities. Freshwater plankton assemblages are expected to reflect the effects of these stressors through shifts in species distributions and changes to biodiversity. These changes may occur rapidly due to the short generation times and high dispersal capabilities of both phyto- and zooplankton. Spatial patterns and contemporary trends in plankton diversity throughout the circumpolar region were assessed using data from more than 300 lakes in the U.S.A. (Alaska), Canada, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to assess spatial patterns of plankton diversity focusing on pelagic communities; (2) to assess dominant component of beta diversity (turnover or nestedness); (3) to identify which environmental factors best explain diversity; and (4) to provide recommendations for future monitoring and assessment of freshwater plankton communities across the Arctic region. Phytoplankton and crustacean zooplankton diversity varied substantially across the Arctic and was positively related to summer air temperature. However, for zooplankton, the positive correlation between summer temperature and species numbers decreased with increasing latitude. Taxonomic richness was lower in the high Arctic compared to the sub- and low Arctic for zooplankton but this pattern was less clear for phytoplankton. Fennoscandia and inland regions of Russia represented hotspots for, respectively, phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity, whereas isolated regions had lower taxonomic richness. Ecoregions with high alpha diversity generally also had high beta diversity, and turnover was the most important component of beta diversity in all ecoregions. For both phytoplankton and zooplankton, climatic variables were the most important environmental factors influencing diversity patterns, consistent with previous studies that examined shorter temperature gradients. However, barriers to dispersal may have also played a role in limiting diversity on islands. A better understanding of how diversity patterns are determined by colonisation history, environmental variables, and biotic interactions requires more monitoring data with locations dispersed evenly across the circumpolar Arctic. Furthermore, the importance of turnover in regional diversity patterns indicates that more extensive sampling is required to fully characterise the species pool of Arctic lakes.Peer reviewe

Integrative Analysis of Harpacticoid Copepod Fauna (Harpacticoida, Copepoda) in the South of Krasnoyarsk Krai: in Several Ergaki Nature Park Waterbodies and the Yenisei River

Фауна Harpacticoida Сибири изучена недостаточно. Впервые исследован состав фауны этих ракообразных нескольких водоемов на территории природного парка «Ергаки» и реки Енисей в черте города Красноярска, представлены данные по морфологии найденных видов и подвидов и их генетическим баркодам – нуклеотидным последовательностям фрагмента мтДНК СОI. В результате исследований в июле 2021 г. в природном парке «Ергаки» обнаружено шесть видов и подвидов ракообразных родов Pesceus, Bryocamptus, Maraenobiotus, Attheyella и Moraria; в Енисее найдены Maraenobiotus и Moraria, а также Harpacticella inopinata. Все таксоны обнаружены в пределах своих известных ареалов. Для пяти из них получены генетические баркоды, всего 25 последовательностей. Филогенетический анализ подтвердил генетическую близость H. inopinata и Attheyella nordenskioldii юга Красноярского края и озера Байкал (генетические дистанции 0,014–0,036), а также молекулярно-генетическую, но не морфологическую, однородность Maraenobiotus insignipes insignipes нескольких водоемов региона исследований (попарные генетические дистанции не превышали 0,008). Этот вид был наиболее распространенным на юге Красноярского края. Субэндемик озера Байкал H. inopinata был зарегистрирован только в Енисее. Полученные данные расширяют представления о фаунистическом, морфологическом и генетическом разнообразии Harpacticoida внутренних вод СибириThe crustacean fauna of Siberia, in particular the Harpacticoida, has not been studied sufficiently. For the first time, the composition of harpacticoid copepod fauna in several waterbodies in the Ergaki Nature Park and the Yenisei River near the city of Krasnoyarsk is examined, and the data on the morphology and genetic barcodes (nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA fragment COI) of the species and subspecies found are presented. In July 2021, six species and subspecies of harpacticoids of the Pesceus, Bryocamptus, Maraenobiotus, Attheyella and Moraria genera were found in the Ergaki Nature Park; Maraenobiotus, Moraria and Harpacticella inopinata were found in the Yenisei River. All taxa were found within the known distribution ranges. For five of them, genetic barcodes were obtained, a total of 25 sequences. A phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic closeness of H. inopinata and Attheyella nordenskioldii in the south of Krasnoyarsk Krai and Lake Baikal (genetic distances were 0.014–0.036), as well as molecular-genetic, but not morphological, homogeneity of Maraenobiotus insignipes insignipes from several waterbodies in the study site (pairwise genetic distances did not exceed 0.008). The latter species has been found the most common in the south of Krasnoyarsk Krai. H. inopinata, a subendemic of Lake Baikal, has been registered in the Yenisei River only. The data obtained broaden understanding of taxonomic, morphological and genetic diversity of the Harpacticoida fauna in Siberia’s inland water

Finding of the Thermophilic Harpacticoid Species Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil 1893) in the Vychegda River (Northern Dvina, White Sea Basin)

В июле 2018 г. в р. Вычегда в районе сброса подогреваемых сточных вод очистных сооружений лесоперерабатывающего предприятия был найден новый для северо-востока европейской части России вид гарпактикоиды (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) – Elaphoidella bidens. Вид найден в крайних северных пределах своего основного ареала (на 61°48′ с.ш.). Приведены его морфологические, биологические и экологические особенности в сравнении с другим, аборигенным, представителем рода – E. gracilis. Сравнение морфологии вычегодской E. bidens и особей из популяций тропических областей (Новая Зеландия, Борнео, Вьетнам) и умеренной зоны (Румыния, оз. Глубокое в Московской области) показало, что строение антенн, сегментов тела, плавательных и рудиментарных конечностей и каудальных ветвей оказались общими для представителей всех популяций. Находка термофильного вида впервые в северном регионе показательна с точки зрения фиксации потенциальных изменений разнообразия фауны при тепловом загрязнении или потепленииA harpacticoid copepod (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) species, Elaphoidella bidens, which was new for the North-East of European Russia, was found in the Vychegda River in July 2018. The species was identified in the area where heated wastewater is discharged from the wood-processing plant. The species was found in the extreme north of its range (61°48′ N). The present study compares the morphological, biological and ecological properties of this species with those of another native representative of the genus – E. gracilis. Comparison of morphology of the Vychegda E. bidens and individuals from tropical populations (New Zealand, Borneo, Vietnam) and populations of the temperate zone (Romania, Lake Glubokoe in Moscow region) showed that the structures of their antennae, body somites, swimming and rudimentary legs, and the caudal rami were similar in representatives of all populations. The fact that a thermophilic species was found for the first time in the northern region is indicative of potential changes in fauna diversity caused by thermal pollution or warmin

Hydrochemical Characteristic of the Temporary Water Bodies on the Catchment Area of Kharbeyskie Lakes (Bolshezemelskaya Tundra)

На водосборе Харбейских озер (Большеземельская тундра) в июле–августе 2009-2010 гг. проведены исследования химического состава воды 41 временного водоема. В результате получены сведения о распределении 28 химических показателей в гидрографической сети в зависимости от морфологических характеристик водных объектов и их генезиса. Выявлено, что среди обследованных встречаются воды с пониженными pH, низкоминерализованные, гидрокарбонатно- и сульфатно-кальциевые, натриевые или калиевые, среди микроэлементов преобладают Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn. Большинство гидрохимических показателей в мелких водных объектах варьировали по сравнению с таковыми в озерах в более широком диапазоне. По результатам кластерного анализа кислотности воды, содержания органического вещества, концентраций Mn, Cu, Zn и Al изученные временные водоемы были разделены на пять группOn the catchment area of Kharbeiskie Lakes (Bolshezemelskaya Tundra) in July-August 2009-2010 chemical composition of water of 41 temporary water bodies was investigated. Data on distribution of 28 hydrochemical factors in the drainage depending on morphological characteristics of the water bodies and their genesis were obtained. Water bodies with lowered pH, low-mineralization, hydrocarbonate and sulfate-calcium, sodium or potassium composition were revealed, among all microelements Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn prevailed. The majority of hydrochemical factors in the temporary water bodies varied in a wider range in comparison with those in lakes. Based on the acidity of water, the content of organic substance, concentration of Mn, Cu, Zn and Al the studied water bodies belonged to five group

The fauna of aquatic invertebrates in the river impacted by wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry (Komi Republic)

Invertebrates are important elements of aquatic ecosystems and play a crucial role in the transformation of matter and energy in continental water bodies. Communities of aquatic invertebrates are characterised by high sensitivity to pollution by nutrients and toxic substances and acidification of water bodies; they serve as good bioindicators of the quality of the aquatic environment and impacts on hydroecosystems. All hydrobionts participate in the processes of self-purification of water bodies.The presented dataset provides information on the aquatic invertebrate community of a large northern river. During 2018-2020, we collected data on changes in the quantitative indicators of the development of benthic and planktonic communities, as well as the species diversity of their fauna. The dataset combines information about the occurrence and abundance of benthic and planktonic invertebrates and summarises data of aquatic invertebrate species found in the Vychegda River in the zone of influence from the pulp and paper mill.The presented dataset is part of a monitoring programme of the river ecosystems in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (the European North-East of Russia, Komi Republic). The dataset describes the structure of benthic invertebrate and plankton communities in the Northern Dvina River Basin. The data on the finding and abundance of large taxa of aquatic invertebrates and species of some groups: Oligochaeta, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera are presented. In total, the resource includes 8720 findings of invertebrates, of which 6041 are for zoobenthos organisms and 2679 for zooplankton organisms