Super-Ego after Freud: A Lesson not to Be Forgotten

The aim of this paper is to retrace the evolution of the super-ego, in psychoanalysis and phenomenology, describing its effects on education, starting with the formation of individual morality. In the broadest sense, the reflection concerns not only the role that the family can play in this direction, but above all the contribution that schools can make to the formation of individual morality. The structuring of the super-ego is thus built up in the family system by being influenced by the socio-educational environment. The importance of a healthy structuring of the super-ego emerges in the increased risk of alteration of the intersubjective sphere, in cases of dysregulation of the super-ego, a process that is fundamental to psychotic disorder

Functioning of Declarative Memory: Intersection between Neuropsychology and Mathematics

The understanding of memory has been a constant challenge for scientific research for centuries. The mnemonic processes, which determine the identity of the human being, have been investigated through multiple points of view, such as the psychological, neurophysiological and physical ones. The result is complex and multifaceted visions that should be integrated to provide a unitary and complete interpretation. A survey of the most recent scientific literature is carried out on the functioning of declarative memory, to analyse the relationship between real information coming from the outside world, the encoded event and the recovered memory. The aim of the essay is to investigate the neural correlates, which regulate the cognitive system in question, through a dual neuropsychological-mathematical interpretation. Neuropsychology sheds light on the anatomical, physiological and psychic mechanisms of memory while Mathematics associates the corresponding mathematical configurations to neural networks. The reunification process between the two disciplines is achieved  through neuromorphic computational simulation that emulates mind uploading. The assembly of artificial neurons has the potential to clarify in detail the memory processes, the functioning of neural correlates and to carry out the mapping of the biological brain. We hope that the results obtained will provide new knowledge on mnestic mechanisms to contribute to the evolution of disciplines such as General Psychology, Forensic Neuroscience, Cognitive Rehabilitation and Awake Surgery

Le allucinazioni uditive tra neurobiologia e fenomenologia

This paper aims to serve as a review article investigating the phenomenon of auditory hallucinations from two different perspectives: neurobiological and phenomenological. Neurobiology investigates brain mechanisms related to auditory hallucinations by focusing on the presence of abnormal neural activations. Phenomenology pays attention to psychic processes, demonstrating that patients have difficulty distinguishing sensations caused by their own actions from those derived from external influences. These two perspectives are not mutually exclusive. This paper aims at gaining a broad perspective that can provide an explanation and understanding of symptoms that will promote more effective future treatments for patients with auditory hallucinations

Ambienti di apprendimento transmediali inclusivi: gli effetti della DaD sugli studenti con DSA e BES

Il presente contributo mira a indagare le percezioni e gli effetti che la Didattica a Distanza ha prodotto sugli individui con Disturbi Specifici dell’Apprendimento (DSA) e Bisogni Educativi Speciali (BES). Durante l’ultimo anno, l’emergenza epidemiologica da COVID-19 ha promosso una rimodulazione repentina delle metodologie didattiche e degli ambienti di apprendimento verso l’ubiquitous learning. Tuttavia, già da diversi anni, si avvertiva l’impellente necessità di innovare il fare pedagogico attraverso l’applicazione di nuove tecnologie inclusive e l’accomodamento della didattica al funzionamento cerebrale del singolo alunno. A tal fine, si riflette sulla prevenzione delle difficoltà cognitive e si evidenziano le statistiche scolastiche, riferite all’a.s. 2019/2020, circa le misure compensative adottate per fronteggiare i DSA e BES

The neuropsychological effects of motor development mediated by technologies in disabled subjects

Background: the sector of motor development mediated by technologies in disabled subjects is growing. It is becoming popular as subject of interdisciplinary studies in engineering, neuroscientific, psychological and pedagogical fields. Nevertheless, only in the last few years scientific studies in motor development mediated by technologies in disabled subjects are analysing and studying the neuropsychological effects of such practices as well. Objective: the purpose of this work is the analysis of the scientific literature about the effects of the employment of technologies in motor abilitation/rehabilitation in disabled subjects. It will identify and track the research paths that scientific studies are following. The identification will be based on the scientific production of the last decade. The target includes adults and children. Material and methods: this work started researching combined words among the concepts of motor development, technology, disability and effects in electronic databases. In order to be considered valuable, the studies must have the purpose to measure the motivational, emotional and/or cognitive effects associated with motor development. Scientific papers which don’t focus mainly on psychological implication were excluded from this review. Results: this work observes that international scientific literature strongly focused on 4 macro-categories, related to the technology used: 1) assistive robots, 2) brain-computer interface (BCI); 3) augmented or virtual reality; (3) technology-aided support tools and interactive apps. These tools produce a recovery or improvement in different fields: motor, social, cognitive, emotional and motivational. Conclusions: the research about motor development mediated by technologies in disabled subjects has a wide reach in the recovery of neuromotor deficit and in the acquisition or improvement of neuropsychological competences. The effects can generate relapses not only in the field of neuro-motricity but also in educational and mental health field

Strumenti transmediali e ambienti di apprendimento nella formazione dei docenti di sostegno

The need to improve pedagogical methodologies is more and more urgent, considering that technology is constantly moving forward; this need become essential to face the epidemic emergency. The Covid-19 virus has highlighted potentialities and critical issues of transmedials tools. University of Foggia has been used the research-action for a long time in order to efficiently improve services and implement hybrid learning environments. The attention towards the students is very important, and it’s from their needs and reflections that the change arises. This paper focuses on the courses TFA Sostegno IV and V. We will analyze the practices of virtual simulation of group work, in order to identify the innovative didactital methodologies and future perspectives based on the perception of the students, detected from specific questionnaires built for them

Anatomical and Functional Changes of the Retina and the Choroid after Resolved Chronic CSCR

BACKGROUND: To investigate anatomical/functional changes after oral eplerenone therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) in successfully treated eyes and fellow eyes and assess timing of foveal subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution. METHODS: Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients suffering from CCSC with monolateral foveal SRF successfully treated with oral eplerenone were enrolled in this retrospective study (group 1). The fellow eyes (21 eyes; group 2), healthy or affected by CCSC, without foveal SRF were considered in the analysis. A control healthy group was enrolled as well (healthy controls; n = 21). Main outcome measures during follow-up included changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), central macular thickness (CMT; \ub5m), SRF (\ub5m), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT; \ub5m), superficial capillary plexus density (SCPD, %), deep capillary plexus density (DCPD, %), and choriocapillaris density (CCD, %) and percentage of eyes showing foveal SRF resolution at different time points. RESULTS: Functional and anatomical parameters significantly improved during the study in group 1. BCVA increased significantly (p < 0.001), while CMT, SFCT, and SRF decreased significantly (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, and p = 0.037, respectively). SCPD, DCPD, and CCD did not show any statistically significant difference during follow-up. In 71.4% of eyes, resolution of SRF was observed within 60 days and in the remaining 28.6%, at 120 days. In fellow eyes, SFCT decreased significantly (p < 0.001), whilst all other parameters did not modify. CONCLUSIONS: Eplerenone treatment in chronic CSCR potentially improves recovery of retinal and choroidal morphology as well as visual acuity gain. A complete resolution of foveal SRF was observed in all eyes during a 4-month follow-up, with most eyes healing at 2 months. KEYWORDS: choriocapillaris density; chronic central serous chorioretinopathy; eplerenone therapy; optical coherence tomography angiography; subfoveal choroidal thickness; superficial capillary plexus densit

Seminari di topografia antica e medievale per Letizia Ermini Pani

Atti della giornata di studi, Roma, Istituto Nazionale di Studi Romani, 4 dicembre 201

The TFEB-TGIF1 axis regulates EMT in mouse epicardial cells

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex and pivotal process involved in organogenesis and is related to several pathological processes, including cancer and fibrosis. During heart development, EMT mediates the conversion of epicardial cells into vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac interstitial fibroblasts. Here, we show that the oncogenic transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a key regulator of EMT in epicardial cells and that its genetic overexpression in mouse epicardium is lethal due to heart defects linked to impaired EMT. TFEB specifically orchestrates the EMT-promoting function of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, and this effect results from activated transcription of thymine-guanine-interacting factor (TGIF)1, a TGF beta/Smad pathway repressor. The Tgif1 promoter is activated by TFEB, and in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate its increased expression when Tfeb is overexpressed. Furthermore, Tfeb overexpression in vitro prevents TGF beta-induced EMT, and this effect is abolished by Tgif1 silencing. Tfeb loss of function, similar to that of Tgif1, sensitizes cells to TGF beta, inducing an EMT response to low doses of TGF beta. Together, our findings reveal an unexpected function of TFEB in regulating EMT, which might provide insights into injured heart repair and control of cancer progression.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involved in organogenesis. Here, the authors show that the transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates EMT in epicardium during heart development by tuning sensitivity to TGF beta signaling