1,192 research outputs found
Funding for Universal Service Obligations in Electricity Sector : the case of green power development
The process of deregulation in network industries, in particular in the electric sector, raises the problem of Þnancing the Universal Service Obligations (USO) corresponding to the production, transport and distribution operations. In this paper, we study three ways of funding for an USO of production, especially the "green" electricity development: the Þnancing with cross-subsidies, the implementation of a fund (financing by a tax) and finally a voluntary funding system by direct subscriptions of consumers. We notably show that this last one Pareto dominates mostly, from a welfare point of view, the other scenarios.ELECTRICITY ; ENVIRONMENT ; REGULATION ; NETWORK ; UNIVERSAL SERVICE,
Mallarmé et la « valeur de bizarrerie » du poète comme ombre
L’obscurité est un des lieux communs majeurs entourant le nom Mallarmé,l’oeuvre et le poète. Si elle lui est souvent reprochée comme preuve de sonélitisme, Mallarmé en fait cependant le ressort de sa visibilité dans la communautélittéraire car elle lui confère une identité si particulière qu’elle en devientévidente et transmissible. C’est que l’obscurité a pour corollaire un autre lieucommun poétique, celui du lien privilégié de tout poète avec les ombres. Nousvoulons ainsi interroger la manière dont Mallarmé s’attèle à une fabrique del’ombre qui puisse répondre à la « crise de vers » scellée par la mort de Hugo, parune oeuvre toute d’obscurité et une fi gure de poète nimbée dans l’ombre commeune apparition toujours disparaissant
Matrix representation of the time operator
In quantum mechanics the time operator satisfies the commutation
relation , and thus it may be thought of as being canonically
conjugate to the Hamiltonian . The time operator associated with a given
Hamiltonian is not unique because one can replace by , where satisfies the homogeneous condition
. To study this nonuniqueness the matrix elements of
for the harmonic-oscillator Hamiltonian are calculated in the
eigenstate basis. This calculation requires the summation of divergent series,
and the summation is accomplished by using zeta-summation techniques. It is
shown that by including appropriate homogeneous contributions, the matrix
elements of simplify dramatically. However, it is still not clear
whether there is an optimally simple representation of the time operator.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Sharp approximations to the Bernoulli periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials
We obtain optimal trigonometric polynomials of a given degree that
majorize, minorize and approximate in the
Bernoulli periodic functions. These are the periodic analogues of two works of
F. Littmann that generalize a paper of J. Vaaler. As applications we provide
the corresponding Erd\"{o}s-Tur\'{a}n-type inequalities, approximations to
other periodic functions and bounds for certain Hermitian forms.Comment: 14 pages. Accepted for publication in the J. Approx. Theory. V2 has
additional references and some typos correcte
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