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Using neuroscience evidence to train pre-service physics teachers on the concepts of heat and cold
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
PAPER • THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE ISOPEN ACCESS
Using neuroscience evidence to train pre-service physics teachers on the concepts of heat and cold
A Ezquerra1 and I Ezquerra-Romano2
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1287, GIREP-MPTL 2018 9–13 July 2018, San Sebastian, Spain
Citation A Ezquerra and I Ezquerra-Romano 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1287 012038
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1 Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, Social Sciences and Mathematics. Faculty of Education. Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
2 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1287/1/012038
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Abstract
Teachers must identify, manage and modify alternative conceptions in their students. However, research consistently highlights that future teachers prioritise disciplines' requirements rather than the educational needs of children. Moreover, some researchers have proposed that the way our senses work shapes the development of children's ideas. Neuroscientists have only recently started to understand how the senses transduce and transmit stimuli. In this study, we show an innovative initial training course of Didactics of Physics, which includes the latest understanding of the thermosensory system. We analysed the progression of the educational proposals written by future teachers. This analysis revealed the effect of integrating neuroscience contents in the initial training. We found that the neuroscience insights helped future teachers incorporating children's misconceptions in their proposals. Additionally, they lowered their expectations and became less frustrated. They understood that it is not expected to quickly modify pupils' alternative conceptions because they have a physiological component
Highway to thermosensation: a traced review, from the proteins to the brain
Temperature maintenance and detection are essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. This review is focused on thermosensation; thus a detailed and traced explanation of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of each component of this sensation is given. First, the proteins that react to temperature changes are identified; next, the nature of the neurons involved in thermosensation is described; and then, the pathways from the skin through the spinal cord to the brain are outlined. Finally, the areas of the brain and their interconnections where thermoperception arises are explained. Transduction of the external and internal temperature information is essentially mediated by the transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs). These proteins are embedded in the neurons’ membrane and they hyper- or de-polarize neurons in function of the intrinsic voltage and the temperature changes. There are distinct TRP sensors for different temperature ranges. Interestingly, the primary afferent neurons have either cold or hot receptors, so they are dedicated separately to cold or hot sensation. The information is transmitted by different pathways from the skin to the brain, where it either remains separated or is integrated to generate a response. It seems that both the determination of how thermoperception is produced and how we interact with the world are dependent on the particular arrangement and nature of the components, the way of transduction of information and the communication between these elements
From Thermosensation to the Concepts of Heat and Temperature: A Possible Neuroscientific Component
Alternative conceptions in physics are ideas held by people regardless of their age, ability, sex, race and religion. The persistence and universality of these misconceptions suggest that there must be a common underlying factor found in all human beings. In this work, we suggest how the structure and arrangement of our thermosensory system shapes and constrains the creation of the concepts of heat and temperature. Firstly, we outline the main characteristics of alternative conceptions in physics. Then, we describe the neurobiology of thermosensation. The proteins sensitive to temperature changes can be classified as hot- and cold-sensitive. The nervous system maintains mostly this separation in hot- and cold-fibres and thermal information is integrated in specific areas of the central nervous system. Therefore, it seems that the neurobiological structure predisposes us to categorise stimuli into hot and cold. Understanding the relationship between alternative conceptions and the structure of the nervous system can improve the abilities of teachers to deal with students’ ideas. In particular, this knowledge could decrease the frustration of teachers, since they would understand that human physiology is a determinant factor. Therefore, they should not expect to easily modify their students’ alternative conceptions
Essays on delegation and social norms
This thesis presents the results of my doctoral studies at Middlesex University London. It contains different papers related to Labour Markets and presents some results on production, delegation and dishonest behaviour. The first study compares how group size interacts with both constrained and un-constrained resource environments, finding that resource limitations diminish production over time and that all the groups learn with experience. The second explores the effects of incentives in dishonest behaviour in both the gain and loss domain finding that contrary to theoretical predictions, subjects do not cheat more when they are facing a loss. The third, studies the distributions derived from different delegation scenarios. We find that the distributions derived from optional delegation are more egalitarian than the ones made under compulsory delegation. Finally, I study gender differences in delegation finding that gender biases only arise in compulsory delegation, and not under endogenous delegation, and at an agent level
Spain, Economic Crisis, and the New Enclosure of the Reproductive Commons
In the past f ew years numerous authors have examined how the current economic crisis in Spain has
dif f erential impacts on women and men.1 While this is important to show, this article’s goal is to make the
leap f rom a mere description of the gendered effects of the crisis, to an analysis of some of the very
gendered processes that shape it at its core. In other words, the intent is to understand how both the crisis
itself and the ways the state manages it are structurally shaped by gender
El género en el corazón de la crisis: hacia los cuidados como bien común
La presente comunicación parte de la premisa que la actual crisis económica
en el Estado español, así como su gestión política, se ven configuradas por el
género, adoptando para ello como eje analítico el concepto de acumulación por
desposesión. El aumento de la carga total de trabajo de las mujeres, así como
la intensificación de sus responsabilidades reproductivas responden a una
estrategia político-económica de privatización y re-hogarización de la
reproducción en aras de la supervivencia de la economía considerada real o lo
que también llamamos cercamiento de la reproducción. Éste toma la forma de
un reforzamiento actualizado de la división sexual del trabajo sin por ello
reducir el rol económico de las mujeres sino, en realidad, fortaleciéndolo. Un
análisis a la crisis actual adoptando la desposesión de la reproducción como
punto de partida no sólo nos permite ubicar las desigualdades de género en el
centro de los debates en torno a la crisis sino que a su vez abre el camino para
pensar en alternativas a la actual organización social de la reproducción
teniendo en cuenta, de manera simultánea, las esferas de la familia, de las
administraciones públicas y de lo que se viene llamando el ámbito de “lo
común”. Es a partir de esta conceptualización que se avanza una
categorización de las diferentes tipologías de bienes en que se pueden
concebir y convertir los cuidados y se reflexiona sobre la posibilidad, las
oportunidades y los riesgos de una nueva organización social del cuidado en
tanto que bien común
La crisis o nuevos mecanismos de acumulación por desposesión de la reproducción
Desde que empezó la crisis hemos presenciado un doble proceso político que
amenaza con socavar algunos de los avances más importantes en materia de
igualdad de género realizados en época reciente. Por un lado, hemos asistido
a un inmenso recorte del gasto público social y, por el otro, al ascenso por
doquier de la derecha, la cual desempolva obcecada sus recetas de auxilio a la
familia tradicional para salvarla de los supuestamente crecientes y virulentos
ataques perpetrados sobre esta durante los últimos años. Estos dos procesos
se encuentran profundamente relacionados y contribuyen a provocar nuevos
y actualizados mecanismos de acumulación por desposesión del trabajo
reproductivo no remunerado de las mujeres
Los intercambios culturales entre los Países Bajos y Castilla en tiempos de Felipe II : un muestreo de las cédulas de paso
Usando como referencia básica las cédulas de paso, el autor realiza una cuantificación de los distintos artículos objeto de intercambio entre Castilla y los Países Bajos en el siglo XVI, llegando a la conclusión de que, dado el carácter y número de dichos objetos, las conexiones culturales flamenco-castellanas empezaban a atravesar un periodo de crisis. No obstante, a través de dichas cédulas de paso podemos conocer datos interesantes relativos a la exportación-importación de productos tan diversos como instrumentos de astrología, obras de arte, libros, armas, ropa e incluso noventa cántaros de vino procedentes de San Martín de Valdeiglesias (Madrid) con destino a don Juan de Austria o halcones traídos para Su Majestad.Using the cédulas de paso as the basic reference, the author lists the diverse exchange articles between Castilla and The Netherlands in the 16th century and concludes that, due to the characteristics and number of these objects, the Flemish-Castilian cultural connections began to pass through a depression period. Nevertheless, through the aforesaid cédulas de paso we can discover interesting facts related to the importation-exportation of several products as different as astrology tools, artistic masterpieces, books, weapons, clothes and even ninety wine measures which came from San Martin de Valdeiglesias (Madrid) and were offered to don Juan de Austria, and the falcons brought to His Majesty
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