Estrategia educativa para prevenir el cáncer cervicouterino

Introducción: El cáncer es una enfermedad curable. En Cuba, aunque se implementa el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer Cervicouterino; la incidencia es elevada. Objetivo: Modificar a través de una estrategia educativa los conocimientos sobre el cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en el consultorio No.21, del Policlínico ¨Martha Martínez Figuera¨, de enero de 2019 a enero de 2020. El universo de estudio fueron 229 mujeres entre 25 y 64 años. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, conocimiento con respecto a la realización de la prueba citológica y los requisitos previos a la toma de muestras, los factores de riesgo e infecciones de transmisión sexual asociados al cáncer cervicouterino. Se aplicó una encuesta para el diagnóstico del conocimiento antes y después de la estrategia educativa. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizaron la dócima X2 y el test de comparación múltiple de Duncan. Resultados: El 41.9 % de las féminas consideraron correcto el inicio de las relaciones sexuales entre 18-20 años. Antes de la intervención, solo un 44.1 % responden de forma correcta, la periodicidad de la prueba citológica. Sobresalió el desconocimiento del legrado como requisito previo en el 54.69 % y el uso de anticonceptivos como factor de riesgo, en el 87.3 %. El 90.5 %, no relaciona el virus del papiloma humano con el cáncer cervicouterino. Conclusiones: Se logra a través de la estrategia educativa elevar los conocimientos sobre el cáncer cervicouterino y contribuir a su prevención

Educative Strategy to Prevent Cervicouterine Cancer

Introducción: El cáncer es una enfermedad curable. En Cuba, aunque se implementa el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer Cervicouterino; la incidencia es elevada.Objetivo:Modificar a través de una estrategia educativa los conocimientos sobre el cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres. Métodos:Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en el consultorio No.21, del Policlínico ¨Martha Martínez Figuera¨, de enero de 2019 a enero de 2020. El universo de estudio fueron 229 mujeres entre 25 y 64 años. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, conocimiento con respecto a la realización de la prueba citológica y los requisitos previos a la toma de muestras, los factores de riesgo e infecciones de transmisión sexual asociados al cáncer cervicouterino. Se aplicó una encuesta para el diagnóstico del conocimiento antes y después de la estrategia educativa. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizaron la dócima X2 y el test de comparación múltiple de Duncan. Resultados:El 41.9 % de las féminas consideraron correcto el inicio de las relaciones sexuales entre 18-20 años. Antes de la intervención, solo un 44.1 % responden de forma correcta, la periodicidad de la prueba citológica. Sobresalió el desconocimiento del legrado como requisito previo en el 54.69 % y el uso de anticonceptivos como factor de riesgo, en el 87.3 %. El 90.5 %, no relaciona el virus del papiloma humano con el cáncer cervicouterino.Conclusiones:Se logra a través de la estrategia educativa elevar los conocimientos sobre el cáncer cervicouterino y contribuir a su prevención.Introduction: Cancer is a curable disease. In Cuba, although The National Program of early diagnosis of cervicouterine cancer is implemented; the incidence is still high.Objective: To modify knowledge about cervicouterine cancer, by an educative strategy.Methods:A quasiexperimental study was carried out at the Doctor´s Office # 21, from ¨Martha Martínez Figuera¨ Policlinic, from January, 2019 to January, 2020. The universe under study was formed by 229 women between 25 and 64 years old. The studied variables were: age when the beginning sexual relations, knowledge about the performance of the Pap Smear and the previous requisites for taking the sample, the risk factors and sexually transmitted infections associated to cervicouterine cancer. A survey was applied for the diagnosis of knowledge before and after educative strategy. For the statistical processing docima X2 and the Duncan multiple comparison test were performed.Results :The 41.9 % of women considered correct the beginning of sexual relations between 18 and 20 years old. Before the intervention, only the 44.1 % of women answered correctly about the pap smear y periodicity. No knowledge about abortion prevailed, as previous requisite in a 54.69 % and the use of contraceptives as risk factor, in the 87.3 %. The 90.5 %, of women do not relate the Human Papilloma Virus with cervical cancer. Conclusions:The increasing of knowledge about cervicouterine cancer and the contribution to its prevention were achieved by the educative strategy

Hábitos bucales deformantes en niños de 5 a 11 años

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 86 niños de 5-11 años de edad con hábitos bucales deformantes, quienes pertenecían al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario No. 3 "René Vallejo Ortiz" de Manzanillo, Granma, en el período comprendido de enero a junio del 2013, a fin de identificar dichas costumbres nocivas y sus manifestaciones bucales en este grupo etario, para lo cual se consideraron las variables: edad, sexo, principales hábitos y características clínicas; las que fueron relacionadas y analizadas estadísticamente. Entre los resultados sobresalientes figuraron el sexo femenino, la edad de 9 años y los hábitos succión digital y lengua protráctil; asimismo, los varones presentaron con mayor frecuencia más de un hábito bucal deformante, fundamentalmente en la edad de 9 años, y la característica clínica preponderante en ambos sexos fue la versión vestibular de los incisivos superiore

Association between maternal anthropometry and term newborn weight. Cienfuegos, 2020-2021

Background: maternal anthropometric indicators constitute a useful tool in the prognosis of possible unfavorable results in relation to the product of conception nutritional evaluation.Objective: to determine the relationship between the maternal anthropometric nutritional status and the newborn at term weight.Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in 66 pregnant women and their newborns, from January 2020 to December 2021, at the Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Polyclinic, in Cienfuegos. Maternal variables: age, weight, height, gestational body mass index, overall weight gain, and mean arm circumference; in addition to the weight of the newborn were considered. Basic descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated.Results: adolescents (n=42), maternal malnutrition (n=32), deficient global weight gain and pregnant women evaluated as low weight by the values of the mean arm circumference predominated. Low maternal weight was associated with 57.1% and 20.8% of low birth weight newborns of adolescent and adult mothers, respectively. These variables showed an association with the birth of a newborn underweight or with insufficient weight.Conclusions: there is a relationship between the maternal anthropometric nutritional status and the newborn at term weight. The maternal variables most associated with the underweight birth were: age less than 19 years, poor body mass index, low overall weight gain, and mean arm circumference values &gt; 5 and ≤ 10 percentile.</p

Morphometric Changes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease who Died Related to Diabetes Mellitus, Arterial Hypertension and Obesity

Background: chronic kidney disease has increased its incidence, there are no studies in Cuba or in the province on renal morphometry in patients with chronic kidney disease who have undergone autopsy. Objective: to determine renal morphometric variations in deceased patients who have undergone autopsy at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University General Hospital of Cienfuegos. Method: a descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out. The universe was made up of 85 deceased patients who underwent autopsy with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease at any stage. We worked with the whole universe. The variables studied were: age, sex, weight and height for the calculation of the body mass index, personal pathological history, the clinical stage of chronic kidney disease and renal morphometry to each organ separately, the measurements made were: weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, thickness or thickness of the renal cortex. The data was processed in the statistical package of SSPS v. 11.5 presenting tables in absolute numbers and percentages. Results: the female sex predominated, aged between 70-79 years, with clinical stage I and IV of chronic kidney disease, the obese represented 57.6 %, the hypertensive 67.1 % and the diabetic 25.8 %. There was a decrease in all morphometric variables in both kidneys, highlighting the thickness of the renal cortex. Conclusions: there was a relationship between hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity with renal morphometric variables

The association between dengue immunoglobulin G titres with previous clinical dengue infection and white cell counts in Cuban children: A population-based study.

BackgroundThe prevalence of dengue infection is increasing globally. There are few prospective population-based surveillance studies of the immunological and inflammatory consequences of exposure to dengue virus in young children.ObjectiveTo study the association between serologically confirmed prior medical diagnosis of dengue infection and blood measures of systemic inflammation with dengue virus immunoglobulin G levels.MethodsA population-based study of healthy three-year old children living in Havana, Cuba.Results865 individuals provided a blood sample. Fourteen (1.6%) had a prior medical diagnosis of dengue infection, and 851 individuals had no prior medical diagnosis. There was no difference in the serum immunoglobulin G titres between these groups (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.49). Total white cell count, blood neutrophil and eosinophil counts were linearly associated with a dengue immunoglobulin G value above the median value.ConclusionsThere was no difference between the dengue immunoglobulin G titres in young children who had previously had clinically proven dengue infection compared to those who had no diagnosis of prior infection. This may be a consequence of a relatively high prevalence of sub-clinical infection. A higher dengue immunoglobulin G level was positively associated with a range of inflammatory biomarkers, although these data cannot demonstrate a causal association