Neutrino Masses

This is a review for Reports of Progress in Physics. After an introduction we start by explaining the different neutrino masses corresponding to different types of neutrinos, Dirac or Majorana, in section 2. In section 3 we discuss the main elementary particle models for neutrino masses and their distinctive phenomenological consequences. In section 4 we describe the status of direct mass searches and Majorana mass searches in neutrinoless double beta decays. In section 5 we go over the many cosmological implications of, and constraints on, neutrino properties, mainly masses and lifetimes. Sections 6, 7 and 8 review neutrino oscillations, the solar neutrino problem and the atmospheric neutrino problem, their implications and the current and future experiments. In particular, we explain oscillations in vacuum in section 6 and oscillations in matter in section 7. Section 9 summarizes the main bounds imposed by stars, mainly SN1987A. A few concluding remarks follow.Comment: 85 pp.,Tex file requires ioppreprint.sty and verbatim.tex, 12 figures sent separately in a uu-compressed fil

A DSATUR-based algorithm for the Equitable Coloring Problem

This paper describes a new exact algorithm for the Equitable Coloring Problem, a coloring problem where the sizes of two arbitrary color classes differ in at most one unit. Based on the well known DSatur algorithm for the classic Coloring Problem, a pruning criterion arising from equity constraints is proposed and analyzed. The good performance of the algorithm is shown through computational experiments over random and benchmark instances.Fil: Méndez-Díaz, Isabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; ArgentinaFil: Nasini, Graciela Leonor. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Severin, Daniel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; Argentin

Cronobioestratigrafía del Mioceno tardío - Plioceno temprano, Puerta de Corral Quemado y Villavil, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina

Se presentan nuevos registros de Mylodontidae, Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae (Xenarthra) y Caviomorpha (Hystricognathi, Rodentia) en las formaciones Chiquimil (Miembro El Jarillal) y Andalhuala, en las localidades de Puerta de Corral Quemado y Villavil, Catamarca. Dataciones radimétricas y edades estimadas los ubican entre 8,7 Ma y 3,66 Ma. Se proponen tres biozonas: 1) Biozona de Asociación de Proeuphractus limpidus – Paleuphractus argentinus – Chasicotatus ameghinoi, Formación Chiquimil, Miembro El Jarillal (Tor toniano alto – base del Messiniano, 8,7–7,14 Ma); 2) Biozona de Asociación de Paraeuphractus prominens – Cardiomys ameghinorum – Cardiatherium, Formación Andalhuala, dos tercios inferiores (Messiniano, 7,14–5,65 Ma); 3) Biozona de Apogeo de Vassallia maxima – Pseudoplataeomys – Pithanotomys, Formación Andalhuala, tercio superior (Messiniano alto – Zancleano, 5,64–3,66 Ma). No se convalidan para esta región la Biozona de Macrochorobates scalabrinii reconocida en la costa atlántica como indicativa del Huayqueriense inferior, ni la Biozona de Cyonasua brevirostris propuesta como indicativa del Montehermosense en los valles de Santa María y Hualfín-Belén. Se establece que el registro más antiguo de Cyonasua procede de los niveles cuspidales de la Formación Chiquimil (Miembro El Jarillal), inmediatamente por debajo de la toba datada en 7,14 Ma. Se propone un ambiente tipo sabana con zonas de vegetación arbórea y una estación anual húmeda para la Formación Chiquimil y la base de la Formación Andalhuala y una posterior aridización para esta última.New records of Mylodontidae, Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae (Xenarthra) and Caviomorpha (Hystricognathi, Rodentia) recovered from Chiquimil (El Jarillal Member) and Andalhuala Formations allocated in Puerta de Corral Quemado and Villavil areas, Catamarca Province, are presented. Radimetric and relative datings indicate ages between 8.7 Ma and 3.66 Ma. Three biostratigraphic units are proposed: 1) Proeuphractus limpidus – Paleuphractus argentinus – Chasicotatus ameghinoi Association Zone, Chiquimil Formation, El Jarillal Member (Late Tortonian – Early Messinian, 8,7 – 7,14 Ma); 2) Paraeuphractus prominensCardiomys ameghinorum – Cardiatherium Association Zone, Lower two-thirds of Andalhuala Formation (Messinian, 7,14–5,64 Ma), 3) Vassallia maxima – Pseudoplataeomys – Pithanotomys Abundance Zone, Upper third of Andalhuala Formation (Late Messinian – Zanclean, 5,64–3,66 Ma). This analysis not supports the validity of Macrochorobates scalabrinii Zone, proposed for the atlantic coast, as Lower Huayquerian and the Cyonasua brevirostris Zone as Montehermosean, in the Santa María and Hualfín-Belén valleys. It is established that the oldest record of Cyonasua comes from the highest levels in the Chiquimil Formation (El Jarillal Member), immediately below the tuff dated to 7,14 Ma. The environment proposed for El Jarillal Member (Chiquimil Formation) and lower levels of the Andalhuala Formations is savannalike, with small forests and a wet season with a progressive aridification toward the top of the Andalhuala Formation.Fil: Esteban, Graciela Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Nasif, Norma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Georgieff, Sergio Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Moscas minadoras del girasol y sus enemigos naturales

Las “moscas minadoras” se caracterizan por excavar túneles (“minas”) en el interior de las hojas, consumiendo el mesófilo y dejando intacta la epidermis foliar o al menos su pared externa. Hay especies cuyas larvas, en lugar de realizar estas galerías en las hojas, viven y se alimentan en el interior de otros tejidos vegetales, barrenando tallos, semillas, frutos, etc. Por consiguiente, y desde el punto de vista del posible control biológico de estos organismos perjudiciales, resulta de sumo interés el hecho de poder identificar las distintas especies a través del daño que efectúan a la planta hospedera. En consecuencia, se brinda una clave práctica para el reconocimiento de las especies asociadas al cultivo de girasol, a partir de la observación del daño y también una síntesis de la información disponible sobre cada una de ellas. Por último, y teniendo en cuenta que los enemigos naturales, particularmente los parasitoides, ejercen un efecto importante sobre las poblaciones de las moscas minadoras, se presenta información sobre los organismos benéficos asociados a agromícidos del girasol, como posibles agentes de regulación.Leaf-mining flies excavate tunnels (mines) within plant leaves, consuming the mesophyll while leaving the epidermal leaf surface undamaged. In some species, larvae feed and live within other plant tissues, e.g. as stem, seed or fruit borers. The possibility of species identification from the pattern of damage on the host plants is highly relevant from a pest control perspective. Therefore, a practical identification key is provided to allow recognizing species associated to sunflower crops on the basis of damage observation. Also, available information on each species has been updated and summarized. Moreover since natural enemies, particularly parasitoids, represent an important mortality factor on leaf-mining fly populations, information is also provided about parasitoids associated to sunflower agromyzids, which might contribute to population regulation of their hosts.Fil: Valladares, Graciela Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Salvo, Silvia Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Saini, Esteban. IMYZA- INTA Castelar; Argentin

A Branch and Price Algorithm for List Coloring Problem

Coloring problems in graphs have been used to model a wide range of real applications. In particular, the List Coloring Problem generalizes the well-known Graph Coloring Problem for which many exact algorithms have been developed. In this work, we present a Branch-and-Price algorithm for the weighted version of the List Coloring Problem, based on the one developed by Mehrotra and Trick (1996) for the Graph Coloring Problem. This version considers non-negative weights associated to each color and it is required to assign a color to each vertex from predetermined lists in such a way the sum of weights of the assigned colors is minimum. Computational experiments show the good performance of our approach, being able to comfortably solve instances whose graphs have up to seventy vertices. These experiences also bring out that the hardness of the instances of the List Coloring Problem does not seem to depend only on quantitative parameters such as the size of the graph, its density, and the size of list of colors, but also on the distribution of colors present in the lists.Fil: Lucci, Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; ArgentinaFil: Nasini, Graciela Leonor. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Severin, Daniel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina10th Latin and American Algorithms, Graphs and Optimization Symposium (LAGOS 2019)Belo HorizonteBrasilCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel SuperiorConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Técnologico do BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerai

Planning the workday of bus drivers by a graph list-coloring model

In this work, we address the problem of planning the workday of bus drivers in argentinian intercity bus transport companies. In particular, we focus on a company which needs to fulfill roughly 800 trips per day between 3 cities of the Province of Buenos Aires with a stuff of around 200 drivers and 100 buses. Planning consists of assigning one driver to each trip in a way the driver performs all the trips without scheduling conflicts and minimizing the overall amount of overtime among all bus drivers. We model the problem as a particular Graph Coloring Problem and we propose an Integer Linear Programming formulation. Computations experiments show that this formulation outperforms other ones given in the literature for the same problem. In order to address large instances as the one given by the company, we also propose a heuristic algorithm that delivers better solutions than the company actually uses in a reasonably amount of time. The heuristic has two phases where the first one constructs an initial solution and the second one improves the solution iteratively.Fil: Lucci, Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Nasini, Graciela Leonor. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Severin, Daniel Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentin

Glomalins and their relationship with soil carbon

5The activity of bacteria and fungi is a relevant issue in the process of humification of organic matter and physical stability of the soil, standing out the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF synthesize a recalcitrant glycoprotein called glomalin, with hydrophobic characteristics. GSRP (glomalin soil-related protein) is the generic product of proteins extracted from soil. The aim was to quantify GSRP and evaluate its share in the total soil organic carbon (TOC). GSRP presented a direct and positive association with soil TOC (R²:0.73). The quantitative participation of GSRP regarding TOC (GSRP / TOC) revealed that as TOC content decreases, GSRP proportion increases. Within the TOC range explored in this paper (1.3 to 3.2%), the glomalin related protein pool of soil changes about 9%, representing between 27% and 36% of TOC. This behavior would indicate an increase of resistant carbon forms counteracting the effects of carbon loss

Mass and charge transport in highly mesostructured polyelectrolyte/electroactive-surfactant multilayer films

Hypothesis: Dimensionally stable electroactive films displaying spatially addressed redox sites is still a challenging goal due to gel-like structure. Polyelectrolyte and surfactants can yield highly mesostructured films using simple buildup strategies as layer-by-layer. The use of redox modified surfactants is expected to introduce order and an electroactive response in thin films. Experiments: The assembly of polyacrylic acid and different combinations of redox-modified and unmodified hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide yields highly structured and electroactive thin films. The growth, viscoelastic properties, mass, and electron transport of these films were studied by combining electrochemical and quartz crystal balance with dissipation experiments. Findings: Our results show that the films are highly rigid and poorly hydrated. The mass and charge transport reveal that the ingress (egress) of the counter ions during the electrochemical oxidation (reduction) is accompanied with a small amount of water, which is close to their hydration sphere. Thus, the generated mesostructured films present an efficient charge transport with negligible changes in their structures during the electron transfer process. The control over the meso-organization and its stability represents a promising tool in the construction of devices where the vectorial transfer of electrons, or ions, is required.Fil: Piccinini, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: González, Graciela Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Azzaroni, Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Battaglini, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentin

A development and implementation of a tinnitus treatment method

Tinnitus is a physiological phenomenon where a person listens sounds which have not been generated by any external source. Today, many people suffer this condition. Although, in very few cases therapeutic methods completely eliminate tinnitus, it is possible to apply a variety of techniques to improve the quality of life of people with this condition. One of the most used methods to treat tinnitus consists of masking the tinnitus using an external sound. The main goal of this work is to present the development of a tinnitus treatment method, which optimizes the synthesized sounds in order to improve the life's quality of the user. Subjective tests and experimental results are used to analyze the performance of the method.Fil: Uriz, Alejandro José. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Pablo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Tulli, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Castiñeira Moreira, Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; ArgentinaFil: González, Esteban Lucio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Moscardi, Graciela. Universidad FASTA "Santo Tomas de Aquino"; ArgentinaFil: Sajama, Elber Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; Argentin

Biological, Molecular and Phiysiological Characterization of Four Soybean mosaic virus Isolates Present in Argentine Soybean Crops

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes systemic infections in soybean plants, leading to chlorotic mosaic and producing significant yield losses. The virus is widely distributed in all soybean production areas in the world. In Argentina, three geographical isolates were identified: Marcos Juárez (MJ), Manfredi (M), and North Western Argentina (NOA), and another isolate named “Planta Vinosa” (PV), which causes severe necrosis symptoms in some cultivars. Here, the biological, molecular and physiological characterization of these isolates was performed for the first time. Three of the four isolates showed a low genetic divergence in the evaluated genes (P1, CI and CP). Although SMV-NOA and SMV-PV had high homology at the sequence level, they showed wide differences in pathogenicity, seed mottling and the ability of transmission by seeds or aphids, as well as in physiological effects. SMV-NOA caused early alterations (before symptom appearance, BS) in ΦPSII and MDA content in leaves with respect to the other isolates. After the appearance of macroscopic symptoms (late symptoms, LS), SMV-M caused a significant increase in the content of MDA, total soluble sugars, and starch with respect to the other isolates. Thus, early alterations of ΦPSII and soluble sugars might have an impact on late viral symptoms. Likewise, SMV-MJ developed more severe symptoms in the susceptible Davis cultivar than in DM 4800. Therefore, our results show differences in genome, biological properties and physiological effects among SMV isolates as well as different interactions of SMV-MJ with two soybean cultivars.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Maugeri Suarez, M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN); ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Marianela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA) ; ArgentinaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Laguna, Irma Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Laguna, Irma Graciela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Pardina, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Pardina, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentin