36 research outputs found
Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015 : A modelling study
Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier LtdBackground The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Surveillance imaging and cost effectivity in pediatric brain tumors
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the role and cost effectiveness of surveillance imaging at the management of pediatric brain tumors
Prevalence of alcohol use in Istanbul
The current research assessed the prevalence of alcohol use in istanbul, Turkey along with characteristics and severity of related problems. The data were collected from structured interviews including the CAGE Questionnaire to eliminate the severity of alcohol-related problems of 1,550 residents (743 women, 807 men) of Istanbul, ages 12 to 65 years. Current alcohol use was 25.6% (397 persons, 118 women wand 279 men), including 15.9% of the women and 34.5% of the men. 67% reported never having used alcohol. The rate of alcohol use was highest in the 40- to 49-yr. age group; the onset of use was reported as most common for the 16- to 19-yr.-olds. Prevalence of risky drinking was 6.8% (106 persons). Men were more likely to have an earlier initiation to alcohol use, to consume more [5.2 standard drinks (SD 3.4) vs 3.6 standard drinks (SD=2.5)] and be problem drinkers (31.5% vs 15.2%) than women. Prevalence of alcohol use seems to be relatively low in Istanbul. Data on characteristics of alcohol use are important in estimating groups at risk for problems and in planning prevention strategies
Could metabolic syndrome comorbidity in bipolar disorder be overrated?: a study of metabolic syndrome in young subpopulation of bipolar disorder patients
Improvement of colonic healing by preoperative rectal irrigation with short-chain fatty acids in rats given radiotherapy
BACKGROUND: We investigated the effect of preoperative rectal irrigation with short-chain fatty acids on irradiated colonic anastomosis in rats. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I (control group, n = 15) underwent left colon resection and primary anastomosis. Group II (Short-chain fatty acids pretreatment group, n = 15) had short-chain fatty acids rectal irrigation for five days preoperatively. Group III (preoperative radiotherapy group, n = 15) underwent irradiation to the whole pelvis eight and four days before the operation, for a total dose of 20 Gy. Group W (preoperative radiotherapy group + short-chain fatty acids pretreatment group, n = 15) had rectal irrigation with short-chain fatty acids for five days after the second irradiation. Within each group, animals were anesthetized to assess the clinical, mechanical, histologic, and biochemical parameters of anastomotic healing on either the third or seventh postoperative days. RESULTS: The mean bursting pressure was significantly low in Group III on Day 3 and was significantly high in Group W on Day 7 (P = 0.001, P = 0.021). The burst occurred at the anastomoses in all animals tested on the third postoperative day, and outside of the anastomoses in all animals tested on the seventh postoperative day. The histologic parameters of anastomotic healing, such as epithelial regeneration and formation of granulation tissue, were significantly improved by use of preoperative rectal irrigation with short-chain fatty acids on Day 7. The amount of total and salt-soluble collagen concentrations significantly increased in Group W compared with the control group on Day 3 (P = 0.008, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Some mechanical and histologic aspects of colonic anastomotic healing can be adversely affected by preoperative radiotherapy, but rectal irrigation with short-chain fatty acids may improve anastomotic healing