The Ever-Growing GAP: Without Change, African-American and Latino Families Won't Match White Wealth for Centuries

This report examines the growing racial wealth divide for Black and Latinos households and the ways that accelerating concentrations of wealth at the top compound and exacerbate this divide. We look at trends in wealth accumulation from 1983 to 2013, as well as projections of what the next thirty years might bring. We also consider the impact public policy has had in contributing to the racial wealth divide and how new policies can close this gap

Implante inmediato : Reporte de un caso clínico

Introducción: Desde la aparición de los primeros implantes dentales los componentes quirúrgicos, protésicos y los protocolos de tratamiento han evolucionado de forma notable. La importancia de obtener resultados estéticos duraderos es cada vez más valorada. Es por ello que la técnica de colocación inmediata del implante permite eliminar los plazos de espera ahorrando tiempos e intervenciones, reduciendo la realbsrorción del hueso alveolar. Descripción del caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, asiste al Servicio de Prácticas Odontológicas Integradas para realizarse un perno y una corona de la pieza dentartia Nº 1.2. Se realiza el diagnóstico clínico-radiográfico observándose un tratamiento endodóntico deficiente con reabsorción dentinaria externa del ápice radicular; debido a ello se decide realizar la exodoncia de dicha pieza con la colocación de un implante inmediato. Conclusiones: El implante inmediato es la técnica quirúrgica elegida en este tipo de casos, porque en los primeros 6 meses de la extracción de un diente se establece una reducción del hueso alveolar, de aproximadamente un cuarto de su dimensión total. Por esta razón, es conveniente colocar el implante lo más próximo a la pérdida de la pieza dentaria posible o, mejor aún, en el mismo acto quirúrgico.Introduction: Since the appearance of the first dental implants, the surgical, prosthetic components and treatment protocols have evolved significantly. The importance of obtaining lasting aesthetic results is increasingly valued. That is why the technique of immediate placement of the implant allows to eliminate the waiting periods, saving time and interventions, reducing the realbsorption of the alveolar bone. Description of the clinical case: Female patient, attends the Service of Integrated Dental Practices to perform a pin and a crown of the tooth piece No. 1.2. The clinical-radiographic diagnosis was made, observing a deficient endodontic treatment with external dentin resorption of the root apex; due to this, it is decided to perform the extraction of said piece with the placement of an immediate implant. . Conclusions: The immediate implant is the surgical technique chosen in this type of case, because in the first 6 months of the extraction of a tooth a reduction of the alveolar bone is established, of approximately a quarter of its total dimension. For this reason, it is convenient to place the implant as close to the loss of the tooth as possible or, better yet, in the same surgical act.Facultad de Odontologí

Implante inmediato : Reporte de un caso clínico

Introducción: Desde la aparición de los primeros implantes dentales los componentes quirúrgicos, protésicos y los protocolos de tratamiento han evolucionado de forma notable. La importancia de obtener resultados estéticos duraderos es cada vez más valorada. Es por ello que la técnica de colocación inmediata del implante permite eliminar los plazos de espera ahorrando tiempos e intervenciones, reduciendo la realbsrorción del hueso alveolar. Descripción del caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, asiste al Servicio de Prácticas Odontológicas Integradas para realizarse un perno y una corona de la pieza dentartia Nº 1.2. Se realiza el diagnóstico clínico-radiográfico observándose un tratamiento endodóntico deficiente con reabsorción dentinaria externa del ápice radicular; debido a ello se decide realizar la exodoncia de dicha pieza con la colocación de un implante inmediato. Conclusiones: El implante inmediato es la técnica quirúrgica elegida en este tipo de casos, porque en los primeros 6 meses de la extracción de un diente se establece una reducción del hueso alveolar, de aproximadamente un cuarto de su dimensión total. Por esta razón, es conveniente colocar el implante lo más próximo a la pérdida de la pieza dentaria posible o, mejor aún, en el mismo acto quirúrgico.Introduction: Since the appearance of the first dental implants, the surgical, prosthetic components and treatment protocols have evolved significantly. The importance of obtaining lasting aesthetic results is increasingly valued. That is why the technique of immediate placement of the implant allows to eliminate the waiting periods, saving time and interventions, reducing the realbsorption of the alveolar bone. Description of the clinical case: Female patient, attends the Service of Integrated Dental Practices to perform a pin and a crown of the tooth piece No. 1.2. The clinical-radiographic diagnosis was made, observing a deficient endodontic treatment with external dentin resorption of the root apex; due to this, it is decided to perform the extraction of said piece with the placement of an immediate implant. . Conclusions: The immediate implant is the surgical technique chosen in this type of case, because in the first 6 months of the extraction of a tooth a reduction of the alveolar bone is established, of approximately a quarter of its total dimension. For this reason, it is convenient to place the implant as close to the loss of the tooth as possible or, better yet, in the same surgical act.Facultad de Odontologí

Identificación inmunohistoquímica de antígenos receptores de angiotensina II en arteria umbilical de alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

The aim of this study was to identify the angiotensin II receptor antigens in the umbilical artery of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Six gravid uteri of alpacas from community farms located at 4000 m above the sea level in Cusco, Peru were used. The gestation time was estimated by the biparietal diameter of the foetus. Histological sections of 5 µm thickness were obtained from each umbilical artery. The Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry (IHQ) technique was applied, using IHQ reagents and polyclonal anti-Angiotensin II antibodies. The slides were analysed with a Leica DM750 binocular microscope with digital camera attached and LAS 4.7 Leica Macrosystems software. The intensity of marking was classified qualitatively (0: negative; 1: weak; 2: moderate; 3: strong labelling). For the positive control, ovine umbilical artery samples were used. The angiotensin II receptor antigens were in the smooth muscle cells of the umbilical arteries in the various gestation times. The antigens showed a strong labelling intensity, showing that angiotensin exerts its biological activity of vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel.El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los antígenos receptores de angiotensina II en la arteria umbilical de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con seis úteros grávidos de alpacas procedentes de comunidades alpaqueras a 4000 msnm en Cusco, Perú, cuyo tiempo de gestación fue estimado por el diámetro biparietal del feto. Se obtuvieron cortes histológicos de 5 µm de espesor de cada arteria umbilical. Se aplicó la técnica de inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) Avidina-Biotina-peroxidasa, utilizando reactivos de IHQ y anticuerpos policlonales anti-Angiotensina II. Las láminas fueron analizadas con microscopio binocular Leica DM750 con cámara digital anexada y software LAS 4.7 Leica Macrosystems. La intensidad de marcación se clasificó de manera cualitativa (0: sin marcación; 1: marcación leve; 2: marcación moderada; 3: marcación fuerte). Para el control positivo se empleó muestras de arteria umbilical ovina. Los antígenos receptores de angiotensina II se localizaron en las células musculares lisas de las arterias umbilicales en los tiempos de gestación evaluados. Los antígenos presentaron una intensidad de marcación fuerte, lo que demuestra que la angiotensina ejerce su actividad biológica de vasoconstricción en las células musculares lisas del vaso sanguíneo

Strongyloides stercoralis and Trypanosoma cruzi coinfections in a highly endemic area in Argentina

Background Strongyloidiasis and Chagas disease are endemic in northern Argentina. In this study we evaluate the association between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi infections in villages with diverse prevalence levels for these parasites. Further understanding in the relationship between these Neglected Tropical Diseases of South America is relevant for the design of integrated control measures as well as exploring potential biologic interactions. Methodology Community based cross-sectional studies were carried in different villages of the Chaco and Yungas regions in Argentina. Individuals were diagnosed by serology for S. stercoralis and T. cruzi. The association between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi, and between anemia and the two parasites was evaluated using two approaches: marginal (Ma) and multilevel regression (Mu). Results A total of 706 individuals from six villages of northern Argentina were included. A total of 37% were positive for S. stercoralis, 14% were positive for T. cruzi and 5% were positive for both. No association was found between infection with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi in any of the models, but we found a negative correlation between the prevalence of these species in the different villages (r =-0.91). Adults (> 15 years) presented association with S. stercoralis (Ma OR = 2.72; Mu OR = 2.84) and T. cruzi (Ma OR = 5.12; Mu OR = 5.48). Also, 12% and 2% of the variance of infection with S. stercoralis and T. cruzi, respectively, could be explained by differences among villages. On the other hand, anemia was associated with infection with S. stercoralis (Ma OR = 1.73; Mu OR = 1.78) and was more prevalent in adults (Ma OR = 2.59; Mu OR = 2.69). Conclusion We found that coinfection between S. stercoralis and T. cruzi is not more frequent than chance in endemic areas. However, the high prevalence for both parasites, raises the need for an integrated strategy for the control of STH and Chagas disease.Fil: Fleitas, Pedro Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Floridia Yapur, Noelia Aldana del Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Biología. Cátedra de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Nieves, Elvia Ester. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Echazú, Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Vargas, Paola Anahí. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Caro, Reynaldo Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Aveldaño, Ramiro. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Walter. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Mariana. Asociación para el Desarrollo Sanitario Regional; ArgentinaFil: Crudo, Favio. Asociación para el Desarrollo Sanitario Regional; ArgentinaFil: Cimino, Rubén Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentin

Factors associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive patients

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus infection represents a public health public problem in the world. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is necessary to achieve a state of maximum viral suppression and decrease the rate of opportunistic infections. However, there are several factors that can influence therapeutic adherence. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: A study with an observational, analytical, case-control type design was used. The sample size was 276, from which 138 were cases and 138 controls. The collected data was analyzed using methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The multivariate analysis determined a statistically significant association between the variable adherence to antiretroviral treatment and the variables depression (adjusted Odds Ratio -OR-= 2.15), alternative antiretroviral therapy scheme (adjusted OR= 2.40), side effects (adjusted OR= 4.24), and change in adherence during the state of emergency (adjusted OR= 5.67) independently of the other intervening variables. Conclusions: Depression, the use of alternative antiretroviral therapy regimens, the presence of side effects to antiretroviral therapy, and the change in adherence during the state of emergency increase the risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy

Pathophysiological classification of chronic rhinosinusitis

BACKGROUND: Recent consensus statements demonstrate the breadth of the chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) differential diagnosis. However, the classification and mechanisms of different CRS phenotypes remains problematic. METHOD: Statistical patterns of subjective and objective findings were assessed by retrospective chart review. RESULTS: CRS patients were readily divided into those with (50/99) and without (49/99) polyposis. Aspirin sensitivity was limited to 17/50 polyp subjects. They had peripheral blood eosinophilia and small airways obstruction. Allergy skin tests were positive in 71% of the remaining polyp subjects. IgE was<10 IU/ml in 8/38 polyp and 20/45 nonpolyp subjects (p = 0.015, Fisher's Exact test). CT scans of the CRS without polyp group showed sinus mucosal thickening (probable glandular hypertrophy) in 28/49, and nasal osteomeatal disease in 21/49. Immunoglobulin isotype deficiencies were more prevalent in nonpolyp than polyp subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CRS subjects were retrospectively classified in to 4 categories using the algorithm of (1) polyp vs. nonpolyp disease, (2) aspirin sensitivity in polyposis, and (3) sinus mucosal thickening vs. nasal osteomeatal disease (CT scan extent of disease) for nonpolypoid subjects. We propose that the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for polyposis, aspirin sensitivity, humoral immunodeficiency, glandular hypertrophy, eosinophilia and atopy are primary mechanisms underlying these CRS phenotypes. The influence of microbial disease and other factors remain to be examined in this framework. We predict that future clinical studies and treatment decisions will be more logical when these interactive disease mechanisms are used to stratify CRS patients

Marketing bloguero por medio de influencers en Colombia

Trabajo de grado escrito, sustentado a partir de varias citas bibliográficas, pero, principalmente de entrevistas y contenidos multimedia como corroboración de información conseguida a partir de una vasta observación de redes sociales y medios de comunicación masivos para dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿se han convertido los influencers en el nuevo marketing publicitario remplazando así la forma tradicional de pauta publicitaria?Degree thesis, based on several bibliographical citations, but mainly on interviews and multimedia content as corroboration of information obtained from a vast observation of social networks and mass media to answer the question: have the influences become in the new advertising marketing replacing the traditional form of advertising guidelines

Recent Advances in the Development of Antiviral Approaches against Hemorrhagic-Fever-Causing Arenaviruses

Arenaviruses, enveloped viruses containing a bisegmented single-strandedRNA genome with ambisense coding strategy, include important hemorrhagic-feve--causing viruses representing a public health threat in endemic areas of Africa and South America. In spite of the danger of pathogenic arenaviruses and their increased emergence in recent years, no specific and safe chemotherapy for these viruses is currently available. This chapter covers recent advances in the development of antiviral strategies to face arenavirus infections. New insights in molecular aspects of virus replication and virus-host interactions have allowed the identification of viral and cellular factors as potential target for antiviral therapy. We will revise the main features of arenavirus biology and the mechanism of antiviral action of different molecules derived from natural sources, chemical synthesis and rational structure-based antiviral drug design. The advantage of targeting viral and cell host factors as complementary approaches for therapy intervention will be discussed. We will particularly discuss the use of novel inhibitory strategies and the main advances in the development of innovative screening platforms.Fil: Castilla, V.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Brunetti, Jesús Emanuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Armiento, María Nieves. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Scolaro, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Virología; Argentin