Deep-sea benthic foraminifera of Campos Basin, SE Brazil: distribution, taxonomy and response to climatic and eustatic variations in the late Quaternary

Abstrac

Gestão e Improvisação em um Festival Cultural na Bahia

Os objetivos deste caso para ensino é suscitar aprendizagem sobre: (a) entender a importância crucial da improvisação para as organizações e gestores contemporâneos; (b) refletir sobre o papel da imperfeição, cooperação e competição para a prática da improvisação organizacionale (c) identificar e discutir sobre desafios e competências de improvisação para gestores.O caso é baseado em observação participante, prolongada e sistemática do processo de organização e gestão em vários eventos culturais na Bahia. O caso retrata o choque de estudantes de administração ao trabalhar em um megafestival cultural em Salvador. Descobrem, constatam e aprendem o quão estratégica a improvisação organizacional é para a gestão das organizações contemporâneas

Produção e tamanho de grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.) cv Catuaí em diferentes arranjos populacionais e disponibilidades de água no solo

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation under different population arrangements on the phytometric features, coffee productivity and bean size classification according to sieve retention. The experiment with Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí was carried out in Mococa, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a 6 x 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, with four replications. The six densities of plantation were E1 (1.60 x 0.50 m); E2 (1.60 x 0.75 m); E3 (1.60 x 1.00 m); E4 (3.20 x 0.50 m); E5 (3.20 x 0.75 m) and E6 (3.20 x 1.00 m), which were divided according to the availability of water (irrigated - I - or non-irrigated - NI - groups). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test at 1 and 5% of probability. Descriptive analysis of coffee beans according to sieve classification was performed. Irrigation promoted an increase in plant height, crown diameter and production of processed coffee when compared with the NI group. Interaction between population arrangement and irrigation was observed, with an increase in production and crown diameter as the spacing was decreased. Therefore, irrigation provided significant increase in coffee bean size.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação por gotejamento em diferentes arranjos populacionais nas características fitométricas, na produtividade de café beneficiado e na classificação dos grãos por tamanho, de acordo com a retenção em peneiras. O experimento foi conduzido em Mococa-SP, com o cafeeiro Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo seis densidades de plantio: E1 (1,60 x 0,50 m); E2 (1,60 x 0,75 m); E3 (1,60 x 1,00 m); E4 (3,20 x 0,50 m); E5 (3,20 x 0,75 m), e E6 (3,20 x 1,00 m), divididas em irrigadas (I) e não irrigadas (NI). As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas entre si pelo teste de Tukey, a 1 e 5% de probabilidade. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos grãos nas classes de peneiras. A irrigação promoveu aumento na altura das plantas, maior diâmetro de copa e produção de café beneficiado quando comparado ao sistema não irrigado. Houve interação entre arranjo populacional e irrigação, com aumento na produção e no diâmetro da copa, conforme o espaçamento era reduzido. O uso da irrigação propiciou aumentos significativos na granulometria dos grãos de café.14515

Perfis de força: velocidade no sprint em jogadores portugueses de futebol e futsal: um estudo piloto transversal

Background: Sprint running is a key factor of performance for team sports as football and futsal. Force-power-velocity relationships and mechanical effectiveness have been recently used to analyse force-velocity (F-V) profiles. The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to quantify the sprint mechanical F-V profiles in Portuguese football and futsal players; (2) to analyse differences among sexes, competitive levels and sports on sprint mechanical variables in Portuguese football and futsal players. Methods: Four football players (2 mens) and four futsal players (2 mens), aged 26 ± 4.24 years, performed a 3 maximal sprints of 30 m from a standing position with 4 min of rest between successive sprints. Video data was collected with a Go Pro Hero (Full HD 1080p, 30 fps). Force-velocity profile was obtained with time motion data: F0 (N/kg), V0 (m/s), Pmax (W/kg), Sfv, RFmax (%), DRF (%), Vopt (m/s) and max speed (m/s). Results: Men’s players showed a higher V0 (t = -7.12;p<0.001,d=5.04),Vopt (t=-2.90;p≤ 0.05,d=2.05)andmaxspeed(t=-5.09;p≤ 0.05, d = 3.60) than women players. No differences with statistical significance were observed among competitive levels and sports. Conclusion: These results showed that the sprint mechanical F-V profiles is able to distinguish between men and women football and futsal players. No differences among competitive levels could be due to the low competitive level of the sample. Future research should include different competitive level such as elite, sub-elite and recreational.Enqudramento – O sprint é um fator determinante para o desempenho em desportos coletivos como o futebol e o futsal. As relações força-potência-velocidade e eficácia mecânica têm sido recentemente utilizadas para analisar perfis de força-velocidade (F-V). O objetivo deste estudo era duplo: (1) quantificar os perfis biomecânicos F-V do sprint em jogadores de futebol e futsal portugueses; (2) analisar diferenças entre sexos, níveis competitivos e desportos nas variáveis em estudo. Métodos – 4 jogadores de futebol (2 homens) e 4 jogadores de futsal (2 homens), com 26 ± 4,24 anos, realizaram 3 sprints máximos de 30 m a partir de uma posição de pé com 4 min de descanso entre sprints sucessivos. Foram recolhidos dados de vídeo com um Go Pro Hero (Full HD 1080p, 30 fps). O perfil de força- velocidade foi obtido com: F0 (N/kg), V0 (m/s), Pmax (W/kg), Sfv, RFmax (%), DRF (%), Vopt (m/s) e velocidade máxima (m/s). Results – Os jogadores masculinos mostraram umV0 (t=-7,12;p<0,001,d=5,04),Vopt (t=- 2,90; p ≤ 0,05, d = 2,05) e velocidade máxima (t =-5,09;p≤0,05,d=3,60)maisaltadoque nas jogadoras femininas. Não foram observadas diferenças com significado estatístico entre os níveis competitivos e o desporto. Conclusão – Estes resultados mostraram que os perfis mecânicos de sprint (F-V) são capazes de diferenciar entre jogadores masculinos e femininos de futebol e jogadores de futsal. Nenhuma diferença entre os níveis competitivos pode dever-se ao baixo nível competitivo da amostra. A investigação futura deve incluir diferentes níveis competitivos, tais como elite, subelite e recreativo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Integrating physical and tactical factors in football using positional data: a systematic review

Positional data have been used to capture physical and tactical factors in football, however current research is now looking to apply spatiotemporal parameters from an integrative perspective. Thus, the aim of this article was to systematically review the published articles that integrate physical and tactical variables in football using positional data. Methods and Materials: Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed from earliest record to August 2021. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the modified Downs and Black Quality Index (observational and cross-sectional studies) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (intervention studies). Results: The literature search returned 982 articles (WoS = 495; PubMed = 232 and SportDiscus = 255). After screening, 26 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria and data extraction was conducted. All studies considered the integration of physical and tactical variables in football using positional data (n = 26). Other dimensions were also reported, such as psychophysiological and technical factors, however the results of these approaches were not the focus of the analysis (n = 5). Quasi-experimental approaches considered training sets (n = 20) and match contexts (n = 6). One study analysed both training and play insights. Small sided-games (SSG) were the most common training task formats in the reviewed studies, with only three articles addressing medium-sided (MSG) (n = 1) and large-sided games (LSG) (n = 2), respectively. Conclusions: Among the current systematic review, the physical data can be integrated by player’s movement speed. Positional datasets can be computed by spatial movement, complex indexes, playing areas, intra-team and inter-team dyads. Futures researches should consider applying positional data in women’s football environments and explore the representativeness of the MSG and LSG.This research was supported by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (project UIDB/04045/2020). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Methodological procedures for non-linear analyses of physiological and behavioural data in football

Complex and dynamic systems are characterised by emergent behaviour, self-similarity, self-organisation and a chaotic component. In team sports as football, complexity and non-linear dynamics includes understanding the mechanisms underlying human movement and collective behaviour. Linear systems approaches in this kind of sports may limit performance understanding due to the fact that small changes in the inputs may not represent proportional and quantifiable changes in the output. Thus, non-linear approaches have been applied to assess training and match outcomes in football. The increasing access to wearable and tracking technology provides large datasets, enabling the analyses of time-series related to different performance indicators such as physiological and positional parameters. However, it is important to frame the theoretical concepts, mathematical models and procedures to determine metrics with physiological and behavioural significance. Additionally, physiological and behavioural data should be considered to determine the complexity and non-linearity of the system in football. Thus, the current chapter summarises the main methodological procedures to extract positional data using non-linear analyses such as entropy scales, relative phase transforms, non-linear indexes, cross correlation, fractals and clustering methods.This research was supported by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (project UIDB04045/2021).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of match location, quality of opposition and match outcome on match running performance in a Portuguese professional football team

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of match location, quality of opposition and match outcome on match running performance according to playing position in a Portuguese professional football team. Twenty-three male professional football players were monitored from eighteen Portuguese Football League matches during the 2019–2020 season. Global positioning system technology (GPS) was used to collect time-motion data. The match running performance was obtained from five playing positions: central defenders (CD), fullbacks (FB), central midfielders (CM), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (FW). Match running performance was analyzed within specific position and contextual factors using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, standardized (Cohen) differences and smallest worthwhile change. CM and WM players covered significantly greater total distance (F = 15.45, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.334) and average speed (F = 12.79, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.294). WM and FB players covered higher distances at high-speed running (F = 16.93, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.355) and sprinting (F = 13.49; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.305). WM players covered the highest number of accelerations (F = 4.69, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.132) and decelerations (F = 12.21, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.284). The match running performance was influenced by match location (d = 0.06–2.04; CI: −0.42–2.31; SWC = 0.01–1.10), quality of opposition (d = 0.13–2.14; CI: –0.02–2.60; SWC = 0.01–1.55) and match outcome (d = 0.01–2.49; CI: −0.01–2.31; SWC = 0.01–0.35). Contextual factors influenced the match running performance with differential effects between playing positions. This study provides the first report about the contextual influence on match running performance in a Portuguese professional football team. Future research should also integrate tactical and technical key indicators when analyzing the match-related contextual influence on match running performanceThis research was supported by the Douro Higher Institute of Educational Sciences and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (project UIDB04045/2021)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Associations between Coronavirus and Immune Response, Cardiorespiratory Fitness Rehabilitation and Physical Activity: A Brief Report

COVID-19 has serious effects on cardiorespiratory capacity. In this sense, physical activity has been identified as beneficial in the treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive benefits. To date, no study has been found on cardiorespiratory capacity and rehabilitation in patients cured after COVID-19. Thus, this brief report aims to relate the benefits of physical activity to cardiorespiratory function after COVID-19. It is important to know how different levels of physical activity can be related to the different symptoms of COVID-19. In view of this, the objectives of this brief report were to: (1) explore the theoretical associations between COVID-19 symptoms and physical activity; (2) compare the cardiorespiratory function of non-COVID-19 participants and post-COVID-19 patients; and (3) propose a physical activity program to improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of post-COVID-19 patients. Thus, we note that moderate-intensity physical activity (i.e., walking) has a greater beneficial effect on immune function, whereas vigorous activity (i.e., marathon running) tends to temporarily reduce immune function through an imbalance of cytokine types I and II in the hours and days after exercise. However, there is no consensus in the literature in this regard, since other investigations suggest that high-intensity training can also be beneficial, not causing clinically relevant immunosuppression. Physical activity has been shown to be beneficial in improving the clinical conditions most frequently associated with severe COVID-19. Thus, it is possible to infer that physically active individuals seem to be less exposed to the dangers of severe COVID-19 compared to non-active individuals through the benefits of physical activity in strengthening the immune system and fighting infections. The current study demonstrates that physical activity appears to be beneficial in improving the clinical conditions most often associated with severe COVID-19.This research was founded by the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro and by national funds (FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project UIBD/DTP/04045/2021.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Does the change on gastrointestinal tract microbiome affects host?

During the past decade, studies on the composition of human microbiota and its relation to the host became one of the most explored subjects of the medical literature. The development of high-throughput molecular technologies allowed a deeper characterization of human microbiota and a better understanding of its relationship with health and disease. Changes in human habits including wide use of antimicrobials can result in dysregulation of host–microbiome homeostasis, with multiple consequences. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important evidence in the literature of host–microbiome interactions and illustrate how these intriguing relations may lead to new treatment and prevention strategies.Hospital Heliópolis Department of InfectiologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Infectologia Micology Special LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Infectologia Service of Hospital Infection ControlUNIFESP, Disciplina de Infectologia Micology Special LaboratoryUNIFESP, Disciplina de Infectologia Service of Hospital Infection ControlSciEL