ESTRESSE SALINO NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne.

The Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. species was introduced in Brazil with ornamental purposes, but currently, it is invasive in several ecosystems of the Caatinga biome. Despite its high level of occupancy of altered areas of Caatinga, there is lack of information about this species, particularly in relation to the capacity of its seeds to germinate in adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed germination and the initial seedling growth of Cryptostegia madagascariensis in function of salinity at different temperatures. The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a 6 x 3 factorial design with six salinity levels promoted by sodium chloride (NaCl): 0.0 (control); 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 8.0 and 10.0 dS m-1 and three temperatures: 25 and 30°C constant and alternating 20-35°C. The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated using the following variables: germination, first count and the speed of germination index, length and dry weight of roots and hypocotyl. The results indicate that there is high probability of seed germination of Cryptostegia madagascariensis subjected to salt stress at constant temperature of 30°C and alternating 20-35°C, which enhances its invasive character.A espécie Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. foi introduzida no Brasil com fins ornamentais, mas, atualmente, é uma invasora em vários ecossistemas do bioma Caatinga. Apesar de sua elevada capacidade de ocupação de áreas alteradas do referido bioma, há carência de informações sobre esta espécie, particularmente em relação à capacidade de suas sementes germinarem em condições adversas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de sementes e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cryptostegia madagascariensis em função da salinidade em diferentes temperaturas. O experimento foi realizado seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 6 x 3, sendo seis níveis de salinidade promovidos pelo cloreto de sódio (NaCl): 0,0 (controle); 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 8,0 e 10,0 dS m-1; e três temperaturas: 25 e 30°C constantes e alternada de 20-35°C. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada pelas seguintes variáveis: germinação, primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de raízes e do hipocótilo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que há elevada probabilidade de germinação de sementes de Cryptostegia madagascariensis submetidas a estresse salino em temperatura constante de 30°C e alternada de 20-35°C, o que potencializa o seu caráter invasor

Physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. treated with essential oils

Dimorphandra gardneriana, popularly known as fava d’anta, is a medicinal species whose fruits and seeds are used in the manufacture of medicines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) and copaíba (Copaifera sp.) essential oils in antifungal treatment of seeds of D. gardneriana and their influence on physiological quality of the seeds. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design using seeds treated with different concentrations of copaiba and clove oils (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mL) and two controls—seeds were treated with distilled water or fungicide. The variables analyzed were: incidence of fungi in seeds in the first experiment and seed germination and vigor (first germination, length and dry mass of root and shoot of the seedlings) in the second one. The incidence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. in the seeds was elevated. The copaiba oil at the concentrations used did not satisfactorily reduce the incidence of fungi in the seeds of D. gardneriana, while the treatment of the seeds with clove oil at concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 mL reduced the incidence of Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp., respectively. Seed germination and vigor increased at concentrations of 2 mL of clove oil and 1.25 mL of copaiba oil.Dimorphandra gardneriana, popularly known as fava d’anta, is a medicinal species whose fruits and seeds are used in the manufacture of medicines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) and copaíba (Copaifera sp.) essential oils in antifungal treatment of seeds of D. gardneriana and their influence on physiological quality of the seeds. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design using seeds treated with different concentrations of copaiba and clove oils (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mL) and two controls—seeds were treated with distilled water or fungicide. The variables analyzed were: incidence of fungi in seeds in the first experiment and seed germination and vigor (first germination, length and dry mass of root and shoot of the seedlings) in the second one. The incidence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. in the seeds was elevated. The copaiba oil at the concentrations used did not satisfactorily reduce the incidence of fungi in the seeds of D. gardneriana, while the treatment of the seeds with clove oil at concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 mL reduced the incidence of Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp., respectively. Seed germination and vigor increased at concentrations of 2 mL of clove oil and 1.25 mL of copaiba oil

SALT STRESS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. SEEDS

A esp\ue9cie Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. foi introduzida no Brasil com fins ornamentais, mas, atualmente, \ue9 uma invasora do bioma Caatinga. Apesar de sua elevada capacidade de ocupa\ue7\ue3o de \ue1reas alteradas do referido bioma, h\ue1 car\ueancia de informa\ue7\uf5es sobre esta esp\ue9cie, particularmente em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 capacidade de suas sementes germinarem em condi\ue7\uf5es adversas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germina\ue7\ue3o de sementes e o crescimento inicial de pl\ue2ntulas de Cryptostegia madagascariensis em fun\ue7\ue3o da salinidade em diferentes temperaturas. O experimento foi realizado seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribu\ueddos em esquema fatorial 6 x 3, sendo seis n\uedveis de salinidade promovidos pelo cloreto de s\uf3dio (NaCl): 0,0 (controle); 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 8,0 e 10,0 dS m-1; e tr\ueas temperaturas: 25 e 30\ub0C constantes e alternada de 20-35\ub0C. A qualidade fisiol\uf3gica das sementes foi avaliada pelas seguintes vari\ue1veis: germina\ue7\ue3o, primeira contagem e \uedndice de velocidade de germina\ue7\ue3o, comprimento e massa seca de ra\uedzes e do hipoc\uf3tilo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que h\ue1 elevada probabilidade de germina\ue7\ue3o de sementes de Cryptostegia madagascariensis submetidas a estresse salino em temperatura constante de 30\ub0C e alternada de 20-35\ub0C, o que potencializa o seu car\ue1ter invasor.The Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne. species was introduced in Brazil with ornamental purposes, but currently, it is invasive in the Caatinga biome. Despite its high level of occupancy of altered areas of Caatinga, there is lack of information about this species, particularly in relation to the capacity of its seeds to germinate in adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed germination and the initial seedling growth of Cryptostegia madagascariensis in function of salinity at different temperatures. The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a 6 x 3 factorial design with six salinity levels promoted by sodium chloride (NaCl): 0.0 (control); 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 8.0 and 10.0 dS m-1 and three temperatures: 25 and 30\ub0C constant and alternating 20-35\ub0C. The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated using the following variables: germination, first count and the speed of germination index, length and dry weight of roots and hypocotyl. The results indicate that there is high probability of seed germination of Cryptostegia madagascariensis subjected to salt stress at constant temperature of 30\ub0C and alternating 20-35\ub0C, which enhances its invasive character

Superação de dormência e vigor em sementes de Fava-d’Anta (Dimorphandra gardneriana Tulasne)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effciency of different methods of overcoming of dormancy in Dimorphandra gardneriana Tulasne seeds, aiming to provide technical and scientifc knowledge to enable the creation of a protocol for germination. In an experiment conducted at ‘Laboratório de Análise de Sementes’, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), in a completely randomized experimental design, seeds of fava d’anta were subjected to the following treatments: control consisting of non-carifed seeds mechanically scarifed with sandpaper Nº 120, mechanically scarifed seeds with sandpaper and soaked in distilled water for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, seeds subjected to blunt the region opposite to the hilum of nail with pliers, seeds subjected to blunt the region opposite to the hilum of nail with pliers and put on immersion in water distilled for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, chemical scarifcation with concentrated sulfuric acid for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. After the treatments, the seeds were tested for germination and vigor (emergence, speed of germination and emergence, length and dry weight of roots and hypocotyl). Mechanical scarifcation with sandpaper and lopping followed by immersion in distilled water for six hours favor the percentage of seed germination and the seedling emergence of Dimorphandra gardneriana and treatments using sulfuric acid dramatically reduced the strength of these seeds.O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para a superação da dormência em sementes Dimorphandra gardneriana Tulasne, visando fornecer conhecimentos técnico-científicos que permitam a criação de um protocolo de germinação. Em um experimento realizado no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, as sementes de D. gardneriana foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha que consistiu de sementes não escarificadas, sementes escarificadas mecanicamente com lixa n° 120, sementes escarificadas mecanicamente com lixa e submetidas à embebição em água destilada por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas, sementes submetidas ao desponte na região oposta ao hilo com alicate de unha, sementes submetidas ao desponte na região oposta ao hilo com alicate de unha e postas em embebição em água destilada por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas, escarificação química com ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 5, 10 e 15 minutos. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos as sementes foram submetidas a testes de germinação e vigor (emergência, índice de velocidade de germinação e de emergência, comprimento e massa seca de hipocótilo e raízes). A escarificação mecânica com lixa e o desponte seguidos de imersão em água destilada por seis horas favorecem a porcentagem de germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas de Dimorphandra gardneriana, e os tratamentos utilizando ácido sulfúrico reduziram drasticamente o vigor destas sementes

FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS ÀS SEMENTES DE Enterolobium contortisiliquum: ANÁLISE DA INCIDÊNCIA, CONTROLE E EFEITOS NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA COM O USO DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821090 The fungi are main micro-organisms associated with seeds, may cause damages, both in the field but also post-harvest and during storage. In this last phase, deterioration can occur by the action of specific fungi, affecting their physiological quality. The use of plant extracts with antimicrobial properties are promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to replace the protection promoted by fungicide application. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts of Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia in concentrations of 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm on mycoflora and germination in seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Seeds were collected in different municipalities in the state of Paraiba (Areia, Arara, Conde and Sobrado). The lots were tested for germination and sanity. The evaluation of the incidence of fungus was made from the visualization of fungi by the method of incubation blotter test. Was used the health test 100 seeds per treatment which were immersed in 20 mL of extracts for five minutes, incubated in then Petri dishes on double layer of filter paper. 200 seeds were used in the germination test, with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment, divided into germitest paper and germinated at temperatures of 30 ± 2°C. The experimental design was completely randomized. It was found in the seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum the following fungi: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp. and Cladosporium sp. The extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm caused a reduction in the frequency of fungi. The extract of Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm provided an increase in germination and first count, and reduce the percentage of dead seeds.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821090Os fungos são os principais micro-organismos associados às sementes, podendo causar danos, tanto na fase de campo, como também na pós-colheita e durante o armazenamento. Nesta última fase, a deterioração pode ocorrer pela ação específica de fungos, afetando a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. A utilização de extratos de plantas com propriedades antimicrobianas são alternativas ecológicas e promissoras para substituir a proteção promovida pela aplicação de fungicidas. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a eficiência dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm sobre a micoflora e germinação em sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. As sementes foram coletadas em diferentes municípios do estado da Paraíba (Areia, Arara, Conde e Sobrado). Os lotes foram submetidos a testes de sanidade e de germinação. A avaliação da incidência de fungos foi feita a partir da visualização dos fungos através do método de papel de filtro. Utilizaram-se no teste de sanidade 100 sementes por tratamento, as quais foram imersas em 20 mL dos extratos por cinco minutos, em seguida incubadas em placas de Petri sobre dupla camada de papel de filtro. No teste de germinação utilizaram-se 200 sementes, distribuídas em papel germitest e germinadas à temperatura de 30 ± 2°C. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Constatou-se nas sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum os fungos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp. e Cladosporium sp. Os extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm causaram redução da frequência dos fungos. O extrato de Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm proporcionou o aumento na germinação e primeira contagem, além de reduzir o percentual de sementes mortas

FUNGI ASSOCIATED THE SEEDS OF Enterolobium contortisiliquum : ANALYSIS OF INCIDENCE, CONTROL AND EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY WITH THE USE OF PLANT EXTRACTS

Os fungos s\ue3o os principais micro-organismos associados \ue0s sementes, podendo causar danos, tanto na fase de campo, como tamb\ue9m na p\uf3s-colheita e durante o armazenamento. Nesta \ufaltima fase, a deteriora\ue7\ue3o pode ocorrer pela a\ue7\ue3o espec\uedfica de fungos, afetando a qualidade fisiol\uf3gica das sementes. A utiliza\ue7\ue3o de extratos de plantas com propriedades antimicrobianas s\ue3o alternativas ecol\uf3gicas e promissoras para substituir a prote\ue7\ue3o promovida pela aplica\ue7\ue3o de fungicidas. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a efici\ueancia dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm sobre a micoflora e germina\ue7\ue3o em sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. As sementes foram coletadas em diferentes munic\uedpios do estado da Para\uedba (Areia, Arara, Conde e Sobrado). Os lotes foram submetidos a testes de sanidade e de germina\ue7\ue3o. A avalia\ue7\ue3o da incid\ueancia de fungos foi feita a partir da visualiza\ue7\ue3o dos fungos atrav\ue9s do m\ue9todo de papel de filtro. Utilizaram-se no teste de sanidade 100 sementes por tratamento, as quais foram imersas em 20 mL dos extratos por cinco minutos, em seguida incubadas em placas de Petri sobre dupla camada de papel de filtro. No teste de germina\ue7\ue3o utilizaram-se 200 sementes, distribu\ueddas em papel germitest e germinadas \ue0 temperatura de 30 \ub1 2\ub0C. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Constatou-se nas sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum os fungos: Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Rhizopus stolonifer , Penicillium , Curvularia lunata , Nigrospora sp. e ,Cladosporium sp. Os extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de 500 e 1000 ppm causaram redu\ue7\ue3o da frequ\ueancia dos fungos. O extrato de Momordica charantia nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de 500 e 1000 ppm proporcionou o aumento na germina\ue7\ue3o e primeira contagem, al\ue9m de reduzir o percentual de sementes mortas.The fungi are main micro-organisms associated with seeds, may cause damages, both in the field but also post-harvest and during storage. In this last phase, deterioration can occur by the action of specific fungi, affecting their physiological quality. The use of plant extracts with antimicrobial properties are promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to replace the protection promoted by fungicide application. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and Momordica charantia in concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm on mycoflora and germination in seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Seeds were collected in different municipalities in the state of Paraiba (Areia, Arara, Conde and Sobrado). The lots were tested for germination and sanity. The evaluation of the incidence of fungus was made from the visualization of fungi by the method of incubation blotter test. Was used the health test 100 seeds per treatment which were immersed in 20 mL of extracts for five minutes, incubated in then Petri dishes on double layer of filter paper. 200 seeds were used in the germination test, with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment, divided into germitest paper and germinated at temperatures of 30 \ub1 2\ub0C. The experimental design was completely randomized. It was found in the seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum the following fungi: Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Rhizopus stolonifer , Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata , Nigrospora sp. and Cladosporium sp. The extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm caused a reduction in the frequency of fungi. The extract of Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm provided an increase in germination and first count, and reduce the percentage of dead seeds

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES Platymiscium floribundum VOG. (FABACEAE) SOB A INFLUÊNCIA DA LUZ E TEMPERATURAS

 Platymiscium floribundum Vog., a forest species belonging to the family Fabaceae, has great potential for economic exploitation and can be used both in landscape and in reforestation, in the restoration of degraded areas and permanent preservation. Given the importance of its work, it was aimed to study the influence of light and temperature on seed germination of Platymiscium floribundum. We evaluated the germination and vigor under temperatures of constant 25 and 30ºC and  alternated 20-30°C in different light regimes: White (LB), green (LV), red-far (LVD), red (LV) and absence light (A). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 x 5 with four replications of 25 seeds. The variables analyzed were: germination, first count of germination, germination speed index (IGV), length and seedling dry weight (root length, shoot length of seedlings). The seeds of Platymiscium floribundum express their maximum force in illuminated environment independent of the temperature.Platymiscium floribundum Vog., uma espécie florestal pertencente à família Fabaceae, apresenta grande potencial para exploração econômica e pode ser utilizada tanto no paisagismo como em reflorestamentos, na recuperação de áreas degradadas e de preservação permanente. Diante de sua importância, o trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência da luz e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de Platymiscium floribundum. Avaliou-se a germinação e vigor das sementes sob temperaturas de 25 e 30ºC constantes e 20-30ºC alternada em diferentes regimes de luz: branca (LB), verde (LV), vermelha-distante (LVD), vermelha (LV) e ausência de luz (A). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. As variáveis analisadas foram: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento e massa seca de plântulas (raiz e altura da parte aérea). As sementes de Platymiscium floribundum expressam seu máximo vigor em ambiente iluminado independentemente da temperatura

GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF Platymiscium floribundum VOG. (FABACEAE) UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURES AND LIGHT

Platymiscium floribundum Vog., uma esp\ue9cie florestal pertencente \ue0 fam\uedlia Fabaceae, apresenta grande potencial para explora\ue7\ue3o econ\uf4mica e pode ser utilizada tanto no paisagismo como em reflorestamentos, na recupera\ue7\ue3o de \ue1reas degradadas e de preserva\ue7\ue3o permanente. Diante de sua import\ue2ncia, o trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influ\ueancia da luz e temperaturas na germina\ue7\ue3o de sementes de Platymiscium floribundum. Avaliou-se a germina\ue7\ue3o e vigor das sementes sob temperaturas de 25 e 30\ubaC constantes e 20- 30\ubaC alternada em diferentes regimes de luz: branca (LB), verde (LV), vermelha-distante (LVD), vermelha (LV) e aus\ueancia de luz (A). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, com quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es de 25 sementes. As vari\ue1veis analisadas foram: germina\ue7\ue3o, primeira contagem de germina\ue7\ue3o, \uedndice de velocidade de germina\ue7\ue3o (IVG), comprimento e massa seca de pl\ue2ntulas (raiz e altura da parte a\ue9rea). As sementes de Platymiscium floribundum expressam seu m\ue1ximo vigor em ambiente iluminado independentemente da temperatura.Platymiscium floribundum Vog., a forest species belonging to the family Fabaceae, has great potential for economic exploitation and can be used both in landscape and in reforestation, in the restoration of degraded areas and permanent preservation.given its importance, this work was, it was aimed to study the influence of light and temperature on seed germination of Platymiscium floribundum. We evaluate the germination and vigor Under constant and alternate temperatures of 25 and 30 \ubaC in different light regimes: White (LB), green (LV), red-far (LVD), red (LV) and absence light (A). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 x 5 with four replications of 25 seeds. The variables analyzed were: germination, first count of germination, germination speed index (IGV), length and seedling dry weight (root length, shoot length of seedlings). The seeds of Platymiscium floribundum express their maximum force in illuminated environment independent of the temperature