The Importance of Spirituality Therapy and its Elements; Prayer, religious worship, and prayer with God in Nursing Care

Background:Spirituality is one of the aspects of human existence that manifests itself significantly in times of crisis and stress; it creates meaning in life and inspires one to face problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of spirituality in nursing care.Methods:Data source: related articles were searched from internal scientific databases and external databases of Web of ،Scopus ،Cochrane ،Pubmed, Science Direct ،Ovid, and Google scholar.Study eligibility criteria: Eligibility criteria included keywords of spirituality, religion, spirituality therapy, spiritual health and nursing care searched from 2000 to 2019. The study exclusion criteria were inadequate information in the study, lack of access to full text articles and reports. The study inclusion criteria were case-control studies, review articles, cohort articles, pilot studies, and clinical trials. At the end of the search, 74 articles out of a total of 143 articles were reviewed.Findings:Findings of this study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between spirituality therapy and reduction of anxiety, depression and pain. It was also found that spirituality therapy improves psychological health and quality of life in cancer, hemodialysis and diabetic patients and improves the quality of life of infertile women.Conclusion:Spiritual nursing therapeutic intervention means taking into account the cultural and religious beliefs and spiritual care of patients in the therapy process and it is taking into account the transcendent dimension of those referred to hospital which leads them to the transcendent source. It is effective in reducing stress, depression, anxiety and pain in patients and enhancing the quality of life of patients with cancer and chronic diseases. The inclusion of spirituality in treatment and the inclusion of spiritual care in the training program of those trained to provide health care services are essential and should be addressed by educational planners and educational authorities

Effect of different concentrations of specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin

Considering the probability of chemical and enzymatic reactions between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the dentin structure and their specific inhibitors, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of specific inhibitor of MMPs (galardin) on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin. Forty-eight sound human premolars were mounted in self-cured acrylic resin after removal of the enamel on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The dentin surfaces achieved were polished and prepared with 600-grit silicon carbide paper. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n=16) based on the concentration of galardin used (with no galardin, galardin at a high concentration and galardin at a low concentration). In addition, 96 composite resin blocks, measuring 3 mm in height and diameter, were prepared. The composite resin blocks were bonded to the buccal and lingual surface dentin with Rely-X Unicem (RXC) and Speed CEM (SPC) self-adhesive resin cements, respectively, according to manufacturers? instructions. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37°C, the shear bond strength values were determined in MPa and fracture modes were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni test (?=0.05). The shear bond strength of galardin at high concentration was significantly higher than that in the control group and galardin at a low concentrations (P<0.001). In addition, galardin at a low concentration exhibited higher shear bond strength compared to the control group (P=0.005). Furthermore, higher shear bond strength values were reported with the use of RXC compared to SPC (P<0.001). Irrigation with galardin increased the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin and this increase had a direct relationship with the concentration of galardin in the solution

Effect of intraradicular reinforcement strategies on the fracture strength of endodontically treated anterior teeth with overflared canals

This study is done to evaluate the effect of different reinforcement techniques of overflared root canals with fiber posts on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated anterior teeth. It also introduces a new technique for simultane

Effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color stability of giomer and microfilled composite resin: an in vitro comparison

Objectives: The effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color stability and surface topography of a giomer and a microfilled composite resin was evaluated in the present in vitro study. Study design: Forty discs measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were prepared from a giomer and a microfilled composite resin. Each material yielded 20 discs with completely smooth surfaces. Then a spectrophotometer was used to measure L* (lightness), a* (redness, greenness) and b* (blueness, yellowness) color coordinates of all the discs. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. After measuring the color coordinates once again, color changes (DE*) were calculated by the CIELAB system. Six specimens from each material (three specimens before bleaching agent application and three specimens thereafter) were viewed under an atomic force microscope (AFM) for surface topography evaluation. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests at a=0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in color changes (DE*) between the two materials (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences were detected in surface roughness between composite resin and giomer discs before and after bleaching (P>0.05 for both). However, in both materials the differences in surface roughness were significant before and after bleaching procedures (P<0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study it was concluded that 15% carbamide peroxide does not induce clinically detectable color changes in composite resin and giomer despite an increase in surface roughness

Effect of different application strategies of universal adhesive used for immediate and delayed dentin sealing on the microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to dentin with and without aging

Bond strength of indirect restorations is a very important issue that should be given special attention. Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique has been suggested in recent years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different

Awareness Level of Operating Room Nurses of Their Professional Tasks

Introduction: The awareness of the duties and responsibilities of operating rooms nurses is considered as a basis for systems monitoring and quality evaluation. Operating room nurses are supposed to be aware of their professional standards and achieve their functions following professional standards. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out based on the census and sampling with 143 operating room nurses working in nine training hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Also, both face and content validity of the questionnaire have been checked by faculty members. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: In terms of preoperative responsibilities, 25.7%, 35.9%, and 38.3% of operating room nurses experienced the awareness levels of high, moderate, and weak, respectively. The awareness levels for 20.4%, 34.7%, and 44.9% of operating room nurses were evaluated as high, moderate, and weak, respectively. They were considering the post-operative responsibilities of operating room nurses, 32.3%, 32.3%, and 35.3% of operating room nurses who experienced the awareness levels of high, moderate, and weak, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that a vast majority of operating room nurses experienced a high level of awareness with respect to their responsibilities before, during, and after the operation. Nurses’ awareness of their mission, and management and official plans for promoting deficiencies in this regard could help promote health. Contextualized education on improving the quality of nursing services should be considered as a part of the training for OR nurses and suggested to investigate the awareness level of nurses and other treatment staff about the standards of their responsibilities in diverse sectors to perform suitable planning of tasks

The effect of pre-heating on monomer elution from bulk-fill resin composites

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-heating of bulk -fill resin composites on monomer elution from them. Three different types of resin composites were used including Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, X-tra Fill and X-tra Base. 10 cylindrical samples were prepared from each resin composites. Before light curing, 5 samples were pre-heated until reaching 68?C, then 5 other samples were polymerized at room temperature. After 24 hours, release of UDMA, TEGDMA and BIS-GMA monomers were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis. Data analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA test, Games-Howell and Sidak post hoc tests. Pre-heating did not have any statistically significant effect on the mean values of UDMA, TEGDMA and Bis-GMA elution (p>0.05). The greatest amount of released Bis-GMA and UDMA was obtained from Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill composite. The greatest amount of released TEGDMA was obtained from X-tra Fill composite. X-tra Base composite showed the lowest amount of monomer release (P<0.001). Pre-heating did not have any effect on monomer release from bulk-fill resin composites. Moreover, the amount and the type of monomers released from various bulk-fill resin composites were not similar

Effect of Relining with Different Composite Resins on the Push-out Bond Strength of Anatomical Fiber Posts to Root Canal Dentin

Introduction: Relining fiber posts using composite resins helps the posts adapt to the anatomical space of the root canals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of composite resin type on the push-out bond strength of anatomical fiber posts to intra canal dentin. Methods and Materials: Forty-eight bovine upper incisors were prepared for post space after root canal therapy and randomly divided in to six groups. Five different types of composite resin (GrandioSO, GrandioSO Heavy Flow, X-tra Fil, X-tra base and everX Posterior) were used for relining the prepared fiber posts. In the control group, the prepared post was cemented into the post space without relining. Cervical, middle and apical cross-sections were achieved from each root and push-out test was conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. One sample from each group was scanned using a micro-CT scanner which provided views from the apical, middle and coronal thirds. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc tests using SPSS 17 (P&lt;0.05). Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences in terms of mean push-out bond strengths between different composite resin types and cross-sections (P&lt;0.001). The mean push-out bond strength of the samples relined with Grandio SO composite resin (15.48±2.32) and X-tra Fil Bulk-fill composite resin (14.09±1.98) were significantly higher than that of other groups (P&lt;0.05). The unrelined group had a mean push-out bond strength (5.94±1.45) which was significantly lower than that in other groups (P&lt;0.05). In addition, there was a relationship between cross-sections and composite resin types (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that the composite resins used for relining can affect the push-out bond strength to intra canal dentin based on their physical and mechanical properties.Keywords: Dental Adhesion; Post Technique; Root Canal

Laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics of interrupted microchannel heat sink with ribs in the transverse microchambers

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics of interrupted microchannel heat sink with ribs in the transverse microchambers journaltitle: International Journal of Thermal Sciences articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2016.06.029 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.The work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK through research grant (EP/L001233/1) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51576005)

Effect of acupressure in Pericardium 6 acupoint on nausea and vomiting after general surgery

Background:Nausea and vomiting are of the most common postoperative complications. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) can increase the patients' length of hospital stay, healthcare costs, and perioperative morbidity. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of acupressure in preventing PONV in patients who have undergone general surgery with spinal anesthesia. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 patients who had undergone general surgery and randomly assigned to an intervention and a control group. In the intervention group, the acupressure wristbands were fastened to one of the patients' wrist so that the pressing buttons were placed on the Pericardium 6 acupoint. In the control group, the wristbands without pressing buttons were loosely fastened on the desired point. The severity and episodes of nausea and vomiting were measured intraoperatively, 1, 3, and 7 h postoperatively. The data were analyzed via repeated measures analysis, t, and Chi-square tests. Results: Over time, the intervention significantly decreased the mean of nausea episodes (P< 0.001), nausea severity (P < 0.001), and vomiting episodes (P < 0.001) in the intervention group. In the comparison of the two groups, the repeated measures analysis showed that although after the intervention the values of all the three variables was lower in the intervention group than that of the control group, but these difference were only statistically significant in the episodes and the severity of nausea. Conclusion: The acupressure significantly reduced the severity and episode(s) of postoperative nausea, but it did not affect vomiting